Electrical Calculations for Circuit Design
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ScribdTranslationsElectrical Calculations for Circuit Design
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ScribdTranslationsUNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
INSTALLATIONS II
ELECTRICAL CALCULATION
Arch. Edwin Santizo
Electrical calculation:
Based on the
information
provided by
the manufacturers of
drivers
electric, they
aims to calculate the
caliber of the
same, enough
to feed
defined circuits
for its intensity, or
be it a power
and specific voltage.
Theoretical Framework
fundamentals
1. Electric circuits are
they are dimensioned by the intensity of
current that must flow for the
optimal functioning of the
units that comprise it.
2. Electric conductors, according to
the material and the section in millimeters
squares, are designed to
driving efficiently an amount
determined by current, intensity,
measured in amperes.
TheoreticalFramework,
foundations
3. The voltage drop of each
conductor, according to its gauge,
it will vary depending on the distance
from the circuit breaker (flip-on) to the
exit or farthest unit.
4. For the optimal functioning of the
electrical units of a circuit, are
makes it necessary for the voltage drop
do not exceed the permissible limits.
Procedure
DEFINITION OF POWER WATTS (w)
The power of a circuit is defined by the number of
electrical units of it, and the power of each one
of them.
The light units (light fixtures) are arranged based on the
lighting needs, which are obtained as
result of the respective calculation.
The power units (Outlets) are arranged with
according to the installation needs, in the precise site
where a certain device will be placed and connected
electric.
Para la cuantificación de la potencia en Vatios de los
outlets, it is recommended to analyze accurately the
sections to connect in each of them, for which
it is necessary to consult the manufacturer or supplier. In the
In the next table, the typical powers of some are noted.
common electric appliances.
Load and Voltage Tables
Load and voltage tables
Load and voltage tables
However, we often find ourselves with
installations in which the needs are unknown
specific installation requirements, or certain environments with
multiple uses. In those cases, it becomes necessary to classify the
power of electrical units, trying to make it
according to the average conditions of the installation
supposed.
Definitions
DEFINITION OF VOLTAGE (VOLTS) DEFINITION OF THE SYSTEM OF
NUTRITION
The voltage of a According to installation needs
installation is defined by the in a building a ___ will be required
installation needs. specific feeding system.
The same units The voltage, the number of wires and the
electric implications number of phases define the system
determined voltage for of food. There are six
power supply systems,
its operation. For the depending on voltage and number of
general in a home, input threads, thus they will be achieved
the luminarias require different connection options of
110 volts, most of lanterns, outlets and
electrical devices motors. In small buildings
the most used systems are:
they also require 110 a. Bifilar monofásico, [Link]
volts, except for single-phase, three-wire biphasic.
electric stoves, dryer In industrial buildings and in
of clothing, heaters of general, the installations that
water among others, those who require high and diverse voltages and
they require 220 volts. 2 and 3 phase systems require
regularly the systems. a. Trifilar
three-phase, b. bifurcated two-phase, c.
Three-phase cutting tool D
Definitions
CALCULATION OF INTENSITY OF
DESIGN (Amperes) - INDEX OF
SECURITY
CALCULATION OF INTENSITY
To avoid fatigue in the NOMINAL
conductors and short circuits, Power in Watts = Voltage in volts
it is necessary to increase the
In = W / V
current intensity
nominal to an intensity
of design current. Circuit Type Index
To do this, the security
intensity determined by Service Circuit (Conductor) 0.40
the safety index
respective, depending on them Short Circuits (Flip-On)
service connection circuits or 0.40
branch circuits. Branch Circuits (Conductor) 0.25
The increase in intensity
nominal avoids about
heating in the
conductors and short circuits, Id = In x Index
anticipating overconnection
in the installation.
Conductors' covers
TYPE OF LINING OF CALIBER CALCULATION
CONDUCTOR OF THE DRIVER
Depending on the American Wire Gauge
installation characteristics
regarding the temperature and to For the types of lining
humidity, the type is defined more common the
of forró. There is a variety intensities that can
extensive covers. The most driving the different ones
currents are: TA, THW, TW; classified drivers
the TA is a jerk according to the gauge (AWG) or
asbestos thermoplastic, which sea, according to its section in
allows current to flow
at temperatures up to 90° C. square millimeters.
The THW is a thermal cover
resistant plastic to the
humidity and at temperatures
up to 75° C. The TW is a
resistant plastic thermal cover
to the humidity and to
temperatures up to 60° C.
Ampacitytableand
temperatures,
according to caliber and material
Voltage drop
FALLFACTOR DEFINITION OF FALL OF
TENSION PERMISSIBLE TENSION
The voltage drop is defined The section of the
how the voltage drop due to
at a distance. A driver drivers must prevent
determined, must be able to a voltage drop in the
conduct the electric current extreme, or outlet more
to the last unit without having distant, not to exceed the
a voltage drop greater than the defined. by the codes
permissible by the codes electric
electric
The table presents for
each classified driver
according to its gauge (AWG), the drop
tension per ampere at 100
meters in length and at 80% of
power factor. The factors
those written down will serve for
evaluate the voltage drop of the
selected conductor, from
agreement, to the intensity and to the
distance of each case.
Voltage drop table
DISTANCE CALCULATION FALL EVALUATION
The distance measured in OF TENSION
meters of a circuit, it
defined by the measurement of the
journey, both horizontal
as vertical as it should be
C.T. = FC x I x
D/100; where
the driver to the unit
most distant electric.
estimate is valid under,
assuming that the design of the Voltage drop of the conductor
installation, placement of in study
units, sectorized of FC: Factor drop tension conductor in
circuits and design of the study
intubated, do not imply I: Current Intensity
extreme tours to the amperes
last unit. This implies D: Distance in Meters.
that the electrical design must
tender to achieve equidistances
to the different units
electric.
TASK
1.- Read and study 2.-Taking the
the document electrical design
provided. Elaborate of the project
list of possible presented with
doubts. prior
Apply the elaborate on the
instructions electrical calculation
using of a circuit of
The design lighting and one
quantified. of strength.