Introduction

I enrolled in the Professional RVCC for Electrician of Installations essentially to earn

more experience at a theoretical level, as we live in the era of specialists. For everything, it is
it is necessary to be a generalist and know a little about everything and many things.

However, considering the speed at which we want the results and the
implementation of actions, it becomes necessary for us to be people with the knowledge
specific and appropriate to quickly put them into action and get things done
happen.

Obtaining a professional certificate from my perspective is an excellent way to

boost my career in the field of electricity. Specialized training will be a
It is a compliment and a recognition of my experience.

Certification is essentially an assessment that can be theoretical and/or practical.

by certified and qualified entities to assess my skills and my
professional knowledge that I have to deal with a specific execution/installation
electric.

I will list some of the advantages I will have with my certification:

Reinforce my skills;

Update knowledge;

Reinforce my self-confidence;

To have access to new job opportunities.

 Professional Path/Job Description
carried out
I have worked since 2003 at Sétima Geração Unipessoal, Lda, which is focused on
in the construction sector. My professional category is General Works Supervisor,
however, there are multiple tasks that I perform daily.

When I joined the company, my first jobs were in the painting department, because
from catraio who did work with my maternal grandfather. After the paintings came the area
of structure, insulation and plasterboard, where the electrical part was carried out by an official, who
Out of curiosity on my part, I always watched how he executed the technical networks.

Figures 1 and 2: Demonstration of works of structures and plasterboard

Like a large part of the company's work, it was the remodeling of spaces.
commercial and residential, I started to provide support in the execution of water and sewage networks
and electricity, and quickly became daily and recurring tasks, with each
ever more the need to achieve new feats and new learnings, since
connections for EDP downtimes, monitoring of CERTIEL inspections up to the lighting
public.
 Figures 3 and 4: Public lighting in the natural pools of Senhora da Piedade - Burgo

Without ever stopping the technical networks, I started to carry out the assembly of
galvanized profile structures and respective sandwich panel for the roofing,
also carrying out the respective reversals. Later I began to provide services
in the area of waterproofing with various types of insulation, currently being
work more with roof. In all the foundational works, that the company where I work
executes, I monitor the various stages of construction to expedite and distribute tasks to
my coworkers and thus optimize the production/execution time of the work,
thus minimizing any setbacks that may arise.

Figure 5: Corten steel structure

 Figure 6: Galvanized steel structure

I am also skilled in the production and assembly of aluminum and PVC frames, if
well, given the demands of the work schedule, lately I only do edits, since
there are no 'hands to measure' for so much work and scarcity of human resources in the area of
civil construction.

It is fair to say that I am "skilled" in many areas of construction, as I enjoy

learning and putting my knowledge into practice. But the area that excites me the most,
it is about technical network installations. To have an understanding of a project work and then
evaluating it in practice is a personal achievement, as it is a work that is not visible.
dimension, only its functioning.

Figure 7: Lighting viewpoint of the Castle of Lousã

 Figure 8

Figures 8 and 9: Lighting of the viewpoint of the Ermida Castle - Lousã

 Figure 10

Figures 10 and 11: Remodeling of the commercial space 'Muzza Café'

 Figure 12: One of the life mottos

Before addressing the Electrical Installations themselves, it is worth defining some

general concepts used in accordance with the Technical Rules for Electrical Installations of
Low Voltage (RTIEBT):

Electrical installation - According to the RTIEBT, it is a set of electrical equipment.

associates, aimed at a given application and possessing coordinated characteristics. This
the concept encompasses both the electrical installations for use (I.U.) and the installations of
production, transport and distribution.
Electrical installation for use - Electrical installation that allows the user to connect
directly receptors to transform electrical energy into other forms of energy.
Distribution network - Low voltage electrical installation intended for transmission of
electric energy, from a transformer station (T.S.) or from a generating plant,
consisting of main pipelines and branches.

•Nominal values – Values by which an electrical installation is designated. We have as

examples: nominal voltage, nominal current, and nominal power. The concept 'nominal'
applies only to electrical installations.

•Stipulated value – Value of a magnitude fixed, generally by the manufacturer for a given
specified operation of a component, a device or a
electrical equipment. The concept of 'stipulated value' has replaced the concept of
"nominal value" when applied to electrical equipment.
Low voltage - Range of electric voltage values not exceeding 1000 V, in current
alternating, and not exceeding 1500 V, in direct current. The nominal values of the voltage
electricity in the distribution networks and respective collective and usage electrical installations
are, in Portugal, 230 V / 400 V (50 Hz).
Medium voltage - Range of voltage values between 1 kV and 45 kV.

High voltage - Range of voltage values between 45 kV and 110 kV.

Very high voltage - Range of voltage values above 110 kV.

Reduced voltage - Range of voltage values below 50 V.
•External influences – The concept of 'external influence' (on equipment
electrical and electrical installations) came to replace the classification of locations regarding the
environment, which was very restrictive, often leaving it up to the designer's discretion
classification of the location and, therefore, the choice of the most suitable equipment.

The new classification based on 'external influences' has significantly expanded the number of
classifications, making it more accurate and therefore more reliable.

•Massa - Conductive part of an electrical equipment likely to be touched, as a rule,

isolated from the active parts, but can remain under tension in case of a defect. The ground,
usually, it is part of the equipment's casing.
•Active conductors - The phase conductors (L1, L2) are considered active conductors.
L3) and the neutral conductor (N).

•Protective conductors (PE) – Conductors intended to interconnect the masses and their connection
to the ground. It is not, therefore, considered an active conductor.

PEN conductor (PE + N) – Conductor connected to earth that simultaneously has the function
of protective conductor (PE) and neutral conductor (N). Although it also has the function
The neutral conductor N is not considered an active conductor. This conductor is not used in
TT protection system, but only in the TN system, used for example in installations
computer science.
•Earthing scheme TT - The TT scheme has a point of supply
(usually at the respective transformer station) connected directly to the ground, being the
masses of the electrical installation connected to grounding electrodes electrically distinct from
earth electrode of the supply (transformation station).

Earthing scheme TN - The TN scheme has a point directly connected to the ground,
connecting the installation masses to this point through protective conductors.
The figure represents one of the TN schemes, the TN-C-S scheme, where the functions of
neutral conductor and protective conductor are combined into one conductor (conductor
PEN).
UC1 - Execute electrical installations by cable
An electrical circuit is a connection of devices, such as generators, resistors, receivers,
capacitors, inductors, among others, made through a conductive wire, which allows for
passage ofand electric chargesthrough the elements of the circuit. The electric current passes through the
circuit thanks to the application of an electric potential difference, produced by a source
of tension.

Elements of electrical circuits

Electrical circuits can contain a large number of various elements, with
various functions, such as generating heat, storing electric charges, interrupting the
passage of theelectric current. I list some of the most important elements
present in electric circuits.

UC1 Figure 1: Example of Electrical Circuit

Generators:we transform various forms of energy into electrical energy. The main
the function of the generator is to create a potential difference between the terminals of the circuits
electric, so that electric current can flow. Batteries, batteries and sockets are
examples of generators.

UC1 Figure 2: Example generators

Resistors:dissipates electric energy exclusively in the form of heat. This phenomenon is
known asJoule [Link] greater the electrical resistance of the resistor, the lower it is
electric current passing through it. Electric pans and flat irons are examples of resistors.

UC1 Figure 3: Example resistors

Color code of electrical resistors

The resistance of the resistors and their degree of purity are designated by a sequence of
colors that are printed around resistors, known as color code, check it out
next:
 UC1 Figure 4: Resistor color code table

Receivers: convert electrical energy into kinetic energy. The fan, the
the mixer, the blender, the air conditioner and the refrigerator are examples of
receivers, because inside them, there is an electric motor that produces movement or
that compresses some type of gas. The symbol used to represent the receivers
is similar to the symbol of generators, however, in receivers, the electric current
always flows from the lower electric potential to the higher electric potential.

UC1 Figure 5: Example of receiver

Capacitors: store electric charges when subjected to a difference.
of potential. They are used in most electrical circuits, both for the
storage of loads as well as to stabilize the flow of electrons in the circuit.

UC1 Figure 6: Example of capacitors

Control devices: are used to measure different parameters of the circuit, such as
tensão elétrica e corrente elétrica. Os ammeters,voltmeters and multimeters are
examples of control devices.

UC1 Figure 7: Example of voltmeter

Dispositivos de segurança:Fornecem um mecanismo de interrupção da corrente elétrica

caso ela exceda o limite de segurança. O fusível e o disjuntor são dispositivos de segurança.

UC1 Figure 8: Example of circuit breakers

Electric Current

Basically, electric current is named for being 'The ordered movement of electrons.'
in a closed circuit. Therefore, it can be stated that there is a power source and a
load connected to this source will have a certain electric current flowing in it.
circuit.

UC1 Figure 9: Example of electrical circuit

Unit of measurement for electric current:

Electric current is an electrical quantity, and like any other, it can be measured.
through measuring instruments.
The unit of measurement for electric current intensity is the Ampere represented by
symbol "A". Like any other unit of measurement, the unit of electric current has
appropriate multiples and submultiples for each situation.

Conductors and Cables

The use of electricity presupposes the existence of connection channels between a source of
electric energy and the utilization devices. These channels constitute the pipelines
electric and are a fundamental part of electrical installations, competing in a way
relevant to the quality and safety of electricity distribution.
The insulated conductors and cables are relevant components of the pipelines.
assuming a significant diversity to respond to the numerous situations of
establishment and use.
Electrical conduits are the sets made up of one or more electrical conductors.
and by the elements that ensure its fixation and, as a rule, its mechanical protection.

Isolated conductors are the sets made up of the core, the insulating sheath, and
by the eventual screens (shields).

Cabos are the sets composed of one or more insulated conductors, their eventual
individual coating, any protective coatings and possibly one or
but non-insulated conductors.

UC1 Figure 10: Illustrative image of cables

Conductive souls: The constituent metals are usually copper or aluminum, this
with higher resistivity. The souls can be made up of a single wire (solid), situation
habitual for lower sections (up to 4 mm2) or by several wired wires (multistranded).
Multifilar souls can be made with various degrees of flexibility. The sections
the souls are generally circular (arranged in concentric layers) or sectorial
(arranged in sectors).
 UC1 Figure 11: Example of Isolated Conductor

UC1 Figure 12: Detailed diagram of cable

Hems
They can be of the insulating type (made up of materials of the same type as the casings,
in this case reinforcing the main insulation of the conductor or the cable) or metallic (in
aluminum, lead, or steel strips, with the function of mechanical protection). The sheaths
interiors ensure the sealing of the cables. Carry out electrical installations by cable
it can be with a light sheath and with a reinforced sheath through the assembly and
fixation of the equipment.

Light sheath cable installation

They are very commonly used in industrial pavilions or garages because of their appearance.
aesthetic is not a priority. The fixation of the tubes to the support surfaces should be done by
means of appropriate clamps. The pipes are subject to minimum diameters, in
function of the nominal section and the number of conductors (see article 207 RSIUEE). This installation
is executed by command of a light point controlled by a switch

UC1 Figure 13: Light sheath cable installation

Installation of reinforced sheath cable

These conduits are made of rigid cables equipped with a reinforced sheath or
of two sheaths. The common use is in places where the aesthetic aspect is not
great relevance. The fixing of the cables to the supporting surfaces can be done by
clamps. Alternatively, the cables can be placed on shelves or others.
adequate supports. This installation is executed by command of a light point
controlled by chandelier switch.

UC1 Figure 14: Installation of reinforced sheath cable

UC 2 - Execute electrical installations with conduit

Oseletrodutos, also known as"conduits" are responsible for the protection of

electrical wiring of a construction, whether it is a house, a company, or an industry.

They are tubes that house the conductors - wires and electrical cables - and are hidden inside.
the walls or floors, which may remain visible in some cases.

UC2 Figure 1: Illustrative diagram of conduit

Conduit: rigid tube or pipe to house and protect electrical wires or cables in installations
or power, telephone lines, etc.

That's why, just aschoose wires and electrical cablesAdequate, it is necessary to pay attention
the types of conduits at the time of purchase.

They are very important for helping with the security and operation of your facility.
Electrical. The conduits protect the electrical conductors from external influences, such as
mechanical shocks–collisions–and chemical agents that could damage them. In addition,
they also protect the external environment (your environment) from possible fires, which
can be caused by lack of electrical insulation or during ashort circuit,
for example.

In addition to being essential for electrical safety, they can contribute to the decoration of the
environment, like when the conduits become visible! Besides being a trend in
decoration is a practical and economical solution.

Rigid conduit
Therigid conduitscan be made from galvanized steel pipes (material
metallic) or in PVC (insulating material). The rigid metallic ones are more common than the.
PVC and these are the models that are usually visible in style decor
industrial.

This model of conduit is more used in floors, slabs, and concreted surfaces, a
since they are quite resistant to external collisions. They are also used in lines
subterranean, being in direct contact with the ground or encased in concrete. They are
indicated for both residential and industrial electrical installations.

Due to being resistant, they can be difficult to handle for installation, as they do not
can be bent. The rigid conduits can also be weldable, threaded, and in
curve. The threaded model, as the name suggests, allows for a conduit to be threaded.
to the other–it is the most recommended to make the connection between them.

They end up being more resistant than the weldable ones, where some need to be made.
procedures in the conduits before connecting them – basically fitting one into the other
and use a type of adhesive – like glue – to keep them fitted together.

The curved models allow the conduits and conductors to follow the
construction structure when needed.

UC2 Figure 2: Image of rigid conduit

Flexible corrugated and flat conduit

This type of conduit can be considered the most popular and used in most of the
installations. Usually made of PVC, it is recommended for use on walls, as
Due to its flexibility, it can be bent, easily following the structure.
of the construction.
Even if the handling ofocorrugated flexible conduitbe easier than the rigid, it is
I need to be careful not to flatten these conduits, which can prevent passage.
from the wiring.

The flat flexible conduit is the 'brother' of the corrugated one. It has the same characteristics, and
differs by its appearance. While the other has a more 'wrinkled' texture, this one
the model has a smooth inner and outer surface, similar to a hose - which can
facilitate the passage of wires and cables.

UC2 Figure 3: Corrugated flexible conduit UC2 Figure 4: Flexible flat/smooth conduit

Only insulated conductors should go inside the conduits and ducts. Only in case
Bare conductors should be used for grounding, but with insulating conduits.

There must be care not to exaggerate the amount of cables and wires that go inside the
piping. It is possible to install more than one cable inside the conduits, but the ideal is
that the occupancy rate in relation to its cross-sectional area does not exceed:
UC2 Figure 5: Interior diagram of conduit
UC3 - Execute electrical installations visible and embedded
PIPELINE IN VIEW

It is the visible piping, without the need to remove any part of the construction on which
is established. I list the main types of visible pipelines that can be
found in electrical installations:

Pipelines consisting of bare rigid conductors established on insulators,

can be found in technical service facilities or in industrial facilities
(for example, feeding furnaces).

Figure 1: Demonstration of channeling performed in view

Pipelines made up of insulated conductors or cables, rigid, protected by

pipes are common in installations where aesthetic appearance is not a priority, such as for
example in industrial pavilions or garages;

Pipelines consisting of rigid cables equipped with a reinforced sheath or two.

sleeves, it is the fastening of cables to support surfaces and can be done with clamps or
Alternatively, the cables can be placed on shelves or other supports.
adequate.

Flexible cable conduits are found in the supply of certain

types of ceiling lamps.

Pipelines consisting of insulated conductors or cables, protected by conduits,

the dimension of the cross-section of the ducts must be sufficiently loose.
 UC3 Figure 2: Illustrative diagram of the difference between wire and cable

Embedded pipelines:

They are made up of insulated conductors or cables, rigid, protected by tubes. These
piping is embedded in walls, ceilings, and floors and is common in
installations of residential or professional use. The pipes are subject to
minimum diameters, based on the nominal section and the number of conductors and the more
the used are the annular tubes and the VD tubes.
 UC3 Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6: Images of work with embedded pipelines

The annular tube is supplied to the roll, with a conductor threading guide; the material of
The construction is usually polypropylene, with a gray finish.
(according to the example).

UC3 Figure 7: Image of a ring tube

The pipe is usually supplied in 3-meter lengths, the construction material is the
PVC, with a cream finish and for the correct assembly of VD pipes, are
various available accessories, such as bends, unions, sockets with nut, PVC glues
the molds for bending tubes.
 UC3 Figures 8 and 9: Images of tube VD

Nowadays, we have the pre-wired ring tube, which allows for a significant reduction in
installation labor, but requires very special care on site to avoid the
damage to the conductors. This tube meets the product classification criteria
construction in accordance with EU Regulation CPR 305/2011 and standard EN 50575 being
suitable for fixed installations in residential houses, premises, and offices, panels
control and lighting electricals for domestic and industrial use.

UC3 Figures 10 and 11: Images of pre-wired tube

Through the inclusion of electrical conductors inside a corrugated tube of the
various colors and sections necessary for the execution of each installation, it is possible to achieve a
product that provides us with a comprehensive service, with numerous advantages and that
allows saving time and costs.

UC 4 - Carry out electrical installations with technical duct

The channel systems of techniques are flexible, economical, and are tailored to do
the routing of electrical conductors intended to distribute low energy
tension or voice and data networks in all buildings. With this type of installation there is no

cables bothering. These channels are mounted at a comfortable height and allow for a
quick access to outlets and data equipment.

Technical gutters convince with their variety of components, simple combination and
intelligence in detail. The gutters, including the skirting board gutter solution, must be
considered in all situations, both in new buildings and in alterations to
constructed buildings. Aesthetic issues, ease of installation, and access to cables are
a better alternative, namely in the face of the installation of exposed pipes. The channels

must comply with the EN 50085 series. The following table presents
the minimum technical specifications, mandatory compliance, of the gutters.
 UC4 Figure 1: Technical characteristics of the gutters

UC4 Figures 2 and 3: Floor passage ducts (widely used for mechanical protection of power, telephone, and other cables)
computer science, and others, whether at transit points or for feeding, through the ground, of columns and mini-columns of
distribution).

The cable channel was designed to carry out electrical wiring in buildings, allowing
an easy installation and replacement of cables.

The equipment boxes can be used to enable a flexible supply of

telecommunications, TV, data and electrical connections for the divisions. These devices can
to be installed at any point of the rail.

With these systems, cable confusion is no longer a problem, since the connections
Electrical and multimedia can be placed exactly where they are needed. The various
accessories allow for the management of equipment in a quick and simple way. These
system components include, for example, outlets and blind mirrors and
complement the vast diversity of gutters.
 UC4 Figure 4: Baseboard Channels

The modular structure of the baseboard allows for fast and simple electrical installation.
saving a lot of time. The wiring at the back is simpler than ever. The range
of products includes the dimensions 20 x 50 mm, 20 x 70 mm, and 20 x 110 mm and offers
connection solutions for all types of devices. The length of the ducts is
2 meters and are supplied in pure white as standard.

The baseboard is available in three different variants, so that it can be

to be adapted to each environment and the corresponding conditions: baseboard in the version
standard, baseboard with a sealing washer, made with a soft component that
compensates for any irregularity and allows the gutter to sit close to the wall and the
floor in an organized manner, and the baseboard with carpet profile for application in
carpeted floors. The different variants allow the baseboard to adapt to all
divisions, thus becoming the ideal solution for the renovation of individual housing and
multifunctional.

This installation was done in a computer store where there are wires and network outlets, cable
2.5, standard outlets and protected outlets
 UC4 Figures 5 and 6: Examples of technical gutters

The baseboard conduits allow for quick and flexible electrical installation. Their construction
modular saves a lot of time during assembly and makes the wiring of the cables
simpler than ever. The equipment box can be applied anywhere,
in such a way that data and energy are where they are needed. There are different
variants, for example: a simple one for standard equipment with a support ring and
another pair with Schuko sockets included.

UC4 Figure 7: Technical trough assembly

 Professional Path/Job Description
carried out
I have worked since 2003 at Sétima Geração Unipessoal, Lda, which is focused on
in the construction sector. My professional category is General Works Supervisor,
however, there are multiple tasks that I perform daily.

When I joined the company, my first jobs were in the painting department, because
from catraio who did work with my maternal grandfather. After the paintings came the area
of structure, insulation and plasterboard, where the electrical part was carried out by an official, who
Out of curiosity on my part, I always watched how he executed the technical networks.

Figures 1 and 2: Demonstration of works of structures and plasterboard

Like a large part of the company's work, it was the remodeling of spaces.
commercial and residential, I started to provide support in the execution of water and sewage networks
and electricity, and quickly became daily and recurring tasks, with each
ever more the need to achieve new feats and new learnings, since
connections for EDP downtimes, monitoring of CERTIEL inspections up to the lighting
public.
UC 5 - Install heating devices
Nowadays, there are various types of heating, as a way of comfort combined with
sustainability. In the company where I work, there is more demand for assembly of
air conditioning units as a means of heating and cooling. We carry out
these services since the opening of ditches, passage of pipes, installation of devices
finishing and necessary tests and respective trials.

The range of heating options consists of a whole range of solutions for

heating, from underfloor heating to electric heating.

All heating systems modify air quality. When it comes to choosing,

The criteria for selection are price and efficiency, but health is also an essential criterion.

Salamanders

UC5 Figure 1: Wood-fired Salamander UC5 Figure 2: Salamander to pellets

The salamanders are generally made of cast iron and are a traditional method of
heating can be for economic reasons, but also for aesthetic and well-being reasons.
Feeling the warmth coming from a fireplace or wood stove is always pleasant and provides
a pleasant environment, especially on very cold winter days. It averages
60 to 80% of the heat.
This solution can be combined with another, allowing for some savings in expenses.
energetics, gas or fuel, since firewood is always more economical,
twice as much.

Bioethanol fireplaces

UC5 Figure 3: Examples of bioethanol fireplaces

Biodiesel is in fashion, it is environmentally friendly, it is practical, does not pollute like firewood, and is

accessible (although it is more expensive than oil). Bioethanol is a clean energy source, being
made from a biological alcohol obtained from agricultural waste. No
it contaminates and is odorless (it does not emit harmful gases to our health).

Thanks to the clean flame of bioethanol, fireplaces can be used with total safety.
inside the house and without the need for any exhaust system.

These recuperators can be placed in any room, they do not need to be connected.
to electricity. The disadvantage of these fireplaces is that they only heat the space where they are.
placed, if you want to heat the whole house you need several fireplaces.

Bioethanol fireplaces come in all capacities and powers, from the smallest ones.
small ones that have half-liter tanks, and produce less than 1kW/h, but can go up to
to produce more than 3kW/h per fireplace, and have tanks of 5 liters or more.
Air Conditioning

UC5 Figures 4 and 5: Hisense air conditioning unit (indoor units and outdoor units)

The air conditioning system works through the circulation of a liquid/gas between a
a condenser and an evaporator that releases warm or cold air in the division.

This type of heating allows for heating, cooling, and dehumidifying, just have to have it
Attention to the semiannual maintenance of the filters.

Air conditioning units absorb energy from one location and release it.
noutro. O seu consumo é mais económico, porque ao atingir a temperatura desejada, o
the compressor operates at a lower speed and reduces consumption by more than 25%.
Electric Heaters

UC5 Figures 6 and 7: Electric Connectors

They are the most basic version of the electric heater: convector. A simple heater.
it heats the air that is then discharged over the heater. If the method is simple,
the provided comfort remains rudimentary. The air is heated at the expense of
humidity, so that the atmosphere quickly becomes drier. Furthermore, this type
the device does not distribute heat evenly, unless you choose a
fan heater that is noisier. Highly energy efficient for a
minimum comfort, the convectors are a good alternative to heat an isolated space
or in a transitional solution until the heating system is installed.

Underfloor Heating

UC5 Figure 8: Example of radiant floor installation

In my residence, I chose to install this underfloor heating system.
radiant water with the support of a wood heat recovery system, which produces heat and distributes it
through the house via pipes in the floor where water circulates. This system is
very advantageous, because after heating, the temperature is constant, providing
a lot of comfort, combined with the fact that I have pine forests where I take advantage of the firewood.

UC5 Figure 9: Radiant Floor System–Steady Temperature

The radiant floor is a complex system of pipes through which hot water circulates. That's how it is.
a heating system that "walks" throughout the house, beneath the floor we walk on.
Now, as hot water circulates through the pipes, it is normal that we have near the floor
the feet always warm, and at higher levels the temperature 'decreases'. As the air
heat rises, we will thus have the divisions of the house where the radiant floor is always located
with a balanced and pleasant ambient temperature.
This piping is embedded in the flooring, which will allow for the circulation and distribution of water.
hot through the various divisions of the house. The flooring can be either mosaic or floor
floating, or simply cement. At the entrance of each room, there will be a thermostat.
that will ensure that the ambient temperature is ideal in each dwelling. They are also
estes termostatos que controlam a circulação da água na tubagem.
UC5 Figure 10: Wood heat recovery unit UC5 Figure 11: Double coil cylinder
UC 6 - Install a riser column
COLLECTIVE FACILITIES AND ENTRANCES

Collective Installation: Electrical installation established, generally, inside a

building, aimed at serving facilities used by owners
different.

UC6 Figure 1: Collective installation

The Collective Installation begins at one or more hatches (panels with a specific function)
in a column frame; the hatch is dispensable in the situations illustrated in the figure
following, as prescribed by the provisions of RSRDEBT.

AD QC

PT QC

UC6 Figure 2: AD - Distribution Cabinet; QC - Column Board; PT - Transformation Post

The collective facilities of buildings and entrances must comply with the Technical Rules of
Low Voltage Electrical Installations (RTIEBT), consisting of: Panel of
Columns, Columns, and Column Boxes, begin at one or more doors or at the very
Column frames and end at the origin of the usage installations.
 UC6 Figure 3: Complete Single-Line Diagram of Collective Installation

As I have mentioned before, aportinholapode may or may not exist, which justifies it.
a special attention to these two situations:

a) When the small port exists, it initiates the collective installation and usually contains,
the general protection devices against overloads of that collective installation
(see figure 2):
 UC6 Figure 4: Collective Installation with Hatch

b) When the access door does not exist, the column panel is fed directly from a
low voltage distribution network branch; in this case, the column board starts the installation
collective (see figure 3):

UC6 Figure 5: Collective Installation without Gate

Column mount

Electrical wiring of the collective installation that starts from a distribution board or from a
column box and ends in a column box.

In a building, there can be more than one riser column. The option will be evaluated in
function of the total predictable power, taking into account the cost of various alternative solutions
a high power column or several lower power columns.
Generally, the riser columns are made up of conductors of the H07V-U type.
placed inside VD type tubes. The columns should be three-phase and the
conductors should not have a nominal section smaller than 10 mm2.

In the sections of the columns with conductors of equal nominal section, the conductors do not
should be cut along its route, only allowing the cut of the
isolation in the column boxes, for the purpose of making derivations.

UC6 Figure 6: View of a section of the Upright Column

Column frame (CF)

It constitutes the incoming panel of the collective installation, being generally unique in the building.
served by that (art. 17 RSICEE). Panel powered, in three-phase, directly by a
branch or through a common section (of the collective installation) and intended for
feed columns and entries.

It integrates, namely, the following equipment (article 18 RSICEE): 2

The general cutting device (omnipolar) of the building;

o Protection against overcurrents on the various outputs (namely, column(s)

e/ouentrada(s)).
The column frame consists of:

Protection boxes for exits – CPS – (equipped with high cut-off fuses);

Busbar box - CBR - (equipped with bare copper busbars to make the
interconnection of the main junction box and the protective boxes for outputs;

General cut box - CCG - (equipped with a tetrapolar switch for omnipolar cutting).

UC6 Figure 7: Example of a column frame

Each building must generally be equipped with a single framework of columns.

The column framework must be equipped with a properly identified ground connector.
to which the protective conductors of the respective columns and entries will be connected. The
buildings must be equipped with a grounding electrode, which will be connected to the connector of
mass of the respective column frame.

Column Boxes (CXC)

It is a frame existing in a column, primarily derived, for connection of

entries or derived columns containing, or not, the respective devices
protection against over intensities, of those pipelines.

Note: In cases where the column box does not contain the protections against
Overcurrents are ensured by the devices in the column panel.
playing the column box, only, the function of connecting device.
 UC6 Figures 8 and 9: Illustrative images of column boxes

The column boxes must be placed on the floors corresponding to the

installations whose entries derive from and are equipped with a lid with
closure device that ensures its sealing by the public energy distributor
electrical. Its placement should generally be between 2 meters and 2.8 meters.
above the floor.

The column boxes should be designed for the derivation of three-phase inputs.
even if, at the time of its establishment, they are derived only from entries
single-phase.
 UC6 Figure 10: Example column box

Entries

It is a low voltage electrical wiring that no longer belongs to the collective installation, for
serves exclusively a specific energy usage installation. It can be
understood between:

A column box is the origin of a usage installation;

Note: There are cases where the characteristics of the buildings suggest, instead, that the entrances...
the electrical installations of the homes/offices are supplied directly to
starting from the Column Frame (QC). When this happens with all entries
In a building, there will be no load-bearing column.
UC6 Figure 11: Monophase input diagram UC6 Figure 12: Three-phase input diagram

Common Services Framework (CSF)

The electrical installations of the common areas of the building (lighting, outlets, ventilation
mechanics, elevators, collective garages, water pumping) must be supplied to
starting from its own framework–the framework of common services–QSC, to establish as a rule
next to the column frame.
 UC6 Figure 13: Example of assembling a service panel

UC 7 - Install a lightning rod (Technical Interview)

UC 8 - Install and rehearse command and control circuits (EP)

UC8 Figure 1: Example of Control and Command Circuit

UC 9 - Install electrical circuits with transformers
Like motors and generators, transformers are also considered
electric machines, however they are electric machines at rest and that work only in
alternating current circuits. Transformers have the ability to transmit the
electric energy from one circuit to another through magnetic fields, transforming
the values of voltage and current at the same time.

Due to the action of this magnetic field, transformers have the capacity to
convert electric energy with a certain frequency and voltage into another form of energy
electricity of the same frequency, but with a different voltage level, that is, it is capable
to raise or lower the output voltage in relation to its input, besides that the
Transformers serve as an isolating device in the circuit.

UC9 Figure 1: Example of transformer

There are various types of transformers, each with its own construction,
size and specific purpose. One important detail about transformers is that
theoretically, they have to transfer all the applied power from the primary to the
secondary, which is why there is a change in both the voltage and the output current in
regarding your entry.
 UC9 Figure 2: Basic transformer model

Transformers are widely used in electrical devices and installations, operating

as transformer, riser, dowser, or isolator. Very common application for the
Transformers are for the transportation of large amounts of electrical energy over long distances.
distances, thus reducing voltage drops along the routes.

In this transmission of electrical energy, after generation, the voltage levels are raised to
the energy to be transported by the transmission lines, to reduce voltage drops.
After covering long distances, these voltage values are reduced to then
will be distributed to consumers.

Another interesting application that we can mention for transformers is in circuits.

converters, as they are useful for controlling voltage levels they also
they serve as insulators such as, eliminating noise, among many others
applications.

The basic model of a transformer, which is represented in the image above,

consists of two or more coils of wire wound around a ferromagnetic core.
Since usually these coils are not directly interconnected with each other,
the only connection between these coils is the common magnetic flux present
inside the nucleus.
UC10 - Testing rotating electric machines (EP)

UC10 Figure 1: Diagram of electrical machine

UC 11 - Install and rehearse circuits with speed controllers (EP)

UC11 Figure 1

UC11 Figure 1 and 2: Examples of circuits with variable frequency drives

 UC11 Figure 4

UC11 Figure 5: Circuit diagrams

UC 12 - Install a video intercom
Video intercoms are extremely captivating systems, given the wide range of
existing models. It's one of my favorite installations.

Wired video intercom with camera

These devices work through a direct connection to the doorbell wires

existing. Therefore, it is necessary for there to be a doorbell in the residence or building to
that the intercom be installed without the need to create a connection to a new one
wiring. The advantage of this video intercom is that there is no need to, in the future, have to
invest in new batteries or cells. Moreover, the vast majority of this type of
The video intercom is more accessible than wireless models.

UC12 Figure 1 and 2: Wired video door phone with camera

This video intercom kit is a great solution for homes, due to its high quality and
design. This kit consists of a monitor, an exterior button panel, and a transformer
and its connection is simple, a two-wire connection between the system.
 UC12 Figura 3: Esquema montagem

Wireless video intercom with camera

These video intercoms are powered by a battery or by batteries, depending on

model, without the need for a connection to the electricity grid of the house or of the
building.

This video intercom can easily be relocated, which is great for people who
they move houses frequently. At the same time, this type of video intercom is more
easier to install than wired models.

Although some video doorphone models have a range of several meters, it is possible
that there may be transmission problems, if the wireless intercom and the
receptors should be installed a significant distance apart from each other.
 UC12 Figures 4 and 5: Video Doorphone with camera and wireless

The video intercom is a device with advanced functions, among them, the possibility of
visualize the visitor and integrate the video intercom with more internal and external modules to
expand security. The device also features a modern and elegant design, which
easily composes environments in a functional and clean way.

By combining audio and video, it is possible to better analyze the external environment, even in situations
nighttime or low light. We can also monitor different environments in a
the same internal display when installing more external modules or integrating additional cameras.

UC12 Figure 6: Example of wireless intercom video

For example, in a company, having one module for employee access and another for
visitor parking. Or at home, one at the door and another at the entrance of the
garage. Another possibility is to connect it to a TV (that is adaptable) and view the
images in a specific channel, gaining even more convenience.
The video intercom allows you to open doors and gates remotely, such as from your office or
from your home when you are traveling.

Wi-Fi Intercom

There are also options for video intercoms with Wi-Fi connection. These models have the advantage
enabling remote monitoring from anywhere in the world, by
through a smartphone application. Connectivity allows you to view, attend,
talk to the visitor and even grant remote access.

UC12 Figure 7: Example of Wi-Fi video intercom

In addition, Wi-Fi video doorbells come with features to enhance security.

from the residence. They take photos and record videos automatically or by command. Thus,
we can check the house entry and have records of what is happening at any
time - including at night, as some have night vision cameras with
infrared (in the case of Intelbras, all have this characteristic).

Equipped with presence sensors, they also give alerts through the app and record.
automatically when they detect movement in front of the door.

Other options available in the market also have high image quality, with
diagonal opening angles of the camera of 120° to view a larger area. They
they can also be integrated with up to three HD or Full HD cameras, and are compatible with
up to six internal modules, allowing connectivity at various points in the house or
company.
As we saw, video intercoms are great allies for more security and convenience.
at home or at the company and without needing large investments or renovations.

UC12 Figure 8: Example of installing a video intercom

External Camera Legend:

External camera

(2) Power supply: 100-240V 50/60Hz Output: 5V/1A

double-sided tape

Wireless unlocking control (WUC)

Screws and bushings

DC Cabo

Internal Monitor Legend

7” internal monitor

Battery BL-5J

USB cable

(15) USB power adapter; Input: 100-240V 50/60Hz Output: 5V/1A

 UC12 Figure 9: External Camera (Labeled)

LEGEND:

Microphone

Camera lens

Protector

Infrared

Indicator light for charging

(6) Indicator light. Green shows if you press 'unlock' or the 'voice' button, red shows if low voltage

Button to call

Speaker

(9) Interface for electronic lock

Sync Button

Battery cover BL-5J

Welding area for antenna (optional)

 UC12 Figure 10: Example of internal monitor with caption

LEGEND:

Speaker

TFT screen

Antenna

Microphone

Monitor button

Unlock button

Voice button

Left

(9) Below

Law

Indicator light

(12) Indicator light (on)

Button 'Take photo'

Above

USB Interface

(16) Switch to turn on

Slot for fixing on walls

BL-5J battery cover

Support
Installation instructions
The external camera should be installed protected from rain and direct sunlight for better performance.
sharpness in internal visualization. It is recommended to install at a height of 1.5~1.7m for better focus
the visualization, due to the angle. Obstacles between the external camera and the wireless monitor,
it weakens the signal.
If it is necessary to make the connections through the wall, the plug must come first.
covered with tape to avoid humidity and various dirt that can lead to
defects. It is recommended to use double-sided tape to secure the camera to the wall or door.
like the following diagram.

UC12 Figure 11: Example of assembly

UC 13 - Install TV antennas
Antenna is a device that transformselectromagnetic energyguided byline of
transmissionin irradiated electromagnetic energy, or the opposite, that is, transforms
electromagnetic energy radiated into guided electromagnetic energy for the line of
transmission. Therefore, the function of the antenna is crucial in anyin communicationcarried out
[Link] antennas are placed on top of the roofs, usually attached to the
chimneys.

When I do your installation, I pass the antenna wire and connect it to the antenna connection box and
I connect the 16mm ground wire to the antenna mast.

Exemplos de tipos de Antenas para TDT

Example 1 - Outdoor Yagi Antenna with 3 Axes

UC13 Figure 1: Outdoor antenna 3 axes

● Antennas indicated for the reception of digital terrestrial TV

● Typical bandwidth channel 21 to 69 - UHF Band
● Array of 3 axes makes this antenna more directive and
at the same time as broadband

Example 2 - Type Yagi external antenna with 1 axis

 UC13 Figure 2: Outdoor antenna 1 axis

● Antenna indicated for the reception of terrestrial digital TV

● Typical bandwidth between channel 21 to 69 - UHF Band
● Apenas com 1 eixo, com um ganho típico um pouco inferior, mas com
an average lower cost, compared to the Yagi type antenna of 3
axes of example 1

Example 3 - Flat Outdoor Antenna

UC13 Figure 3: Flat outdoor antenna

● Antenna indicated for receiving outdoor terrestrial digital TV

● Typical bandwidth between channels 5 to 12 (VHF band) and channels
21 to 69 (UHF Band)
● Antenna that has a very reduced visual impact, with the
disadvantage of needing access to a power outlet
electric, as it is an active antenna that is to say with amplification

Example 4 - Flat Indoor Antenna

UC13 Figure 4: Flat indoor antenna

 ● Indoor antenna suitable for receiving digital TV
terrestrial in areas where indoor portable reception is available
● Typical bandwidth between channels 5 to 12 (VHF band) and channels
21 to 69 (UHF Band)
For those who have an already installed MATV system and wish to verify its validity
For the reception of the DTT, attention must first be given to some factors,
namely:

● Type of antenna installed (must be suitable for the band of

UHF or MIXED work frequency;

● Guidance to the issuer (the best signal should be chosen

provide);

● State of conservation (misaligned dipoles and oxidation may

to hinder reception).
Regarding the type of antenna installed and given its widespread use, the antennas
of the logarithmic type commonly referred to as 'bacalhau antennas' (being presented
one in the figure below) are mixed antennas, that is, they function simultaneously in
UHF and VHF bands, whose gains are lower than those of the Yagi type (UHF band, see example 1
and for this reason it is not guaranteed that in all cases they can receive
properly the TDT service, it is always necessary to verify its possible use.

UC13 Figure 5: Mixed log-periodic antenna

There are still in use, earlier versions of Yagi antennas, also suitable for the
reception of the DTT service, whose reflective elements are located vertically and that
also have a large number of guiding elements.
 UC13 Figure 6: Yagi antenna with vertical reflectors and a high number of director elements

It should be noted, however, that in some areas of the country, the operator authorized for the provision
of the TDT service, may come to ensure the provision of the service through alternative means,
namely via satellite. Thus, each user must first confirm,
specifically with PT Comunicações, whether the reception via land is already or will be
to be available in your area. If this is not the case, the respective operator is obliged to
such circumstances to provide, at least, the same services that it guarantees in the areas
covered by land routes, as well as service levels and access conditions of the
comparable users, should be contacted for this purpose.

The terrestrial television broadcasts and radio services are primarily planned for the
receivers that use directional antennas installed outside the building.

UC13 Figure 7: Difference between digital signal and analog signal

The existing analog TV transmitters (disabled as of April 26, 2012) can

do not transmit digital TV signals. If broadcasting both analog and digital TV simultaneously
(Simulcast), the receiver can receive both broadcasts, it is emphasized that the
TDT emissions are in the channel range of 42 to 56 UHF and the analog ones can be in a
very different frequency. The spectator may not receive the signals satisfactorily.
From TDT if the antenna is not oriented towards the TDT transmitter and/or the existing antenna does not
to match the frequency of the TDT transmitter.

UC13 Figure 8 and 9: Examples of antennas

A good quality antenna is a crucial factor for receiving signal free of interference.
interferences and noise. The recommended antenna will be the one that is within the
quality standards. The following parameters are essential:

● Channel - Specific frequency at which transmission occurs, for

Portugal between channels 50 to 69;
● CE - Respects the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
89/336/EEC
● Intended visual impact.

The signal intensity measured at the end of the connection should be 45-65 dBµV for the DTT (and 60-
80 dBµV for analog signals), measured with a suitable TDT signal meter for
TDT signals. To allow for variations in signal intensity and ensure the best
results, the signal for both analog and digital terrestrial should be 6 dB above the level
recommended minimum.
 UC13 Figure 10: Digital TV Kit

If the signal is below 45 dBµV on the TDT Multiplex (a single channel), it cannot be
wait for a consistent signal. In the case of simultaneous analog - digital reception (for
for example, the same antenna provides a signal for the TDT receiver and for televisions still to
to work on conventional TV) the signal must not exceed 80dBµV. Excessive signals
they need a signal attenuator.

The antenna box, in turn, must contain eight meters of coaxial cable (with connectors
at the tips), a curved mast, articulated support, a UHF/VHF antenna, rods of
aluminum and a plastic bag, with screws, nuts, clamps, washers, and bushings.

UC13 Figure 11: Antenna and accessories

Install digital antennas

After checking all the parts, it's time to install the antenna to receive the digital signal. To
yes, just do the following:

Take all the aluminum rods and fit them into the body of the antenna, forming a kind of
of triangle. They are numbered and the user just needs to match number with number,
for example: place the stick "1" in the slot "1" and so on;

UC13 Figure 12: Digital TV antenna with all the rods

Connect the coaxial cable to the antenna. Next, use the curved mast, the bracket
articulated and the screws to fix it on the outer and highest part of your residence.
Remember to point it to the digital transmission tower to ensure quality
of greater signal;

UC13 Figure 13: Coaxial cable

Next, we need to run the cable until we reach the digital receiver. Connect the cable
from the antenna on the device, along with the audio/video cable and the cable of
feeding. Then connect the audio/video cable to the TV and the power cable to the outlet.
If your TV has an HDMI cable instead of the audio/video cable, connect it to the receiver.
and the TV with him.
 UC13 Figure 14: Explanatory diagram

An important point is that in the market we have receivers and digital converters. The
the receiver is used when the TV and the antenna are already receiving digital signals. The converter is used
when the antenna is digital, but the TV is not yet. Therefore, it is necessary to have a
signal conversion. In this case, the ideal to be purchased is the receiver, as we are assuming
that the antenna and the TV are digital.

UC13 Figure 15: Digital Converter UC13 Figure 16: Receiver

What needs to be done is to turn on your TV, go to the menu and select the digital antenna. Then
just give a command for the TV to do an automatic channel scan that
are available.
Now in new constructions and according to the new legislation, we have to put a
ATI panel in the installations and the antennas are inserted there.

The ATI is a device that is part of the individual piping network, installed in the fire,
consisting of a box and the equipment (active and passive) installed in it
interior.

In certain situations, it is accepted that the ATI may be partially constructed on the premises.
from the client, such as using a rack cabinet, as long as they are respected
the regulatory aspects. It will thus be more suited to the customer's needs
final.

UC13 Figure 17: Example of an ATI board with completed connections

Each ATI must provide sufficient space for other devices and equipment,
namely the assets. It should also be sized and constructed in such a way as to
allow the maneuver and connection of cables and the entry of new services.

All possible operations that can be carried out in an ATM, namely by the customers,
They must be supported in instructions. They should also be properly specified.
the losses introduced by the ATI in terms of NQ2 (coaxial technology). The ATI contains
a grounding busbar is mandatory, with a minimum capacity of 5 connections, where it
They will carry out the necessary grounding connections.

UC13 Figure 18: Example ATI frame

The ATI must provide 1 power outlet 230 V AC, with ground, to meet the requirements
electricity supply needs. The ATI is interconnected to the electrical power board
from the autonomous fraction, where the necessary differential circuit breaker associated with it will exist
The outlet must necessarily have a minimum diameter of 20mm if
possible in the vertical of the ATI itself and ended in a sound equipment box, for example
of type I1, with lid.

The equipment box will be at the same height as the customer sockets. This connection will
allow future cable passages for connection to active customer equipment that
cannot be inside the ATI, namely a WLAN (Wireless Local Area
Network).

The ATI may have openings for convection ventilation, in the door or in another location.
adequate. In any case, it should be sized to ensure the correct
ventilation of the equipment to be installed.

The placement of the equipment inside the ATI should be in accordance with the
ventilation needs of each of them. It is assumed that the active equipment that
may be installed, The installation of the equipment inside the ATI must be
according to the ventilation needs of each of them. It is assumed that the
active equipment that may be installed, namely an amplifier of
CATV must be placed at the top of the ATI.
UC 14 - Install and program programmable logic modules (EP)

UC14 Figure 1: Module Programming Diagram

UC 15 - Interpret and draw electrical diagrams, using a

CAD program (FCE)
BAG:
UC 16 - Execute Sound Installations
WIRELESS SOUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, VIA POWER NETWORK

It is a system that dispenses with special amplifiers, line transformers, wiring

own and does not require specialized labor for installation, it is plug and play. It is
composed of a transmitter that can be coupled to any sound source, whether it is a
radio, sound system or walkman, that distributes sound to the speakers
specially designed without the use of wires or cables, offering total mobility.
It is enough for the boxes to be connected to the electrical network of the environment, without limitation of

quantity or distance and without loss of sound quality.

The volume of the boxes can also be controlled individually, independently of the
beyond that, it offers comfort and privacy to the user. The transmission occurs through induction
of a 400 kHz carrier to the FM (Frequency Modulated) electrical network.
reception occurs through the filtering of this signal, demodulation, and amplification for the
loudspeaker transducers.

In a three-phase network, this system also works when the unit is installed.
sound coupler, which induces the signal transmitted by the transmitting unit to the others
phases of the three-phase system that had remote speakers.

UC16 Figure 1: Example of Music Set

"Rack Unit" is the unit of measurement used to describe the height of servers,
switches and other devices mounted in 19-inch (482.60 mm) racks. Each
"rack unit" is equivalent to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm). Measurements in this unit are
represented by the equivalent number followed by the letter 'U', in the format '1U', '2U', '3U'
and so on. Sometimes the representation is also made in the "1RU" format.

A common use for a 19-inch rack is to house servers allowing

dense hardware configurations without taking up excessive space or requiring shelving.
The vast majority of racks are 42U, approximately 78 inches (2 meters) in height.
Normally a professional audio device andvideocomes with assembly options
Emracke uses the same measurement specifications. A third common use for a
rack assembly in energy.

Unit Dimension (L x H x P)

1U 19" x 1.75" x 17.7" 19" x 1.75" x 19.7" 19" x 1.75" x 21.5"

2U 19" x 3.5" x 17.7" 19" x 3.5" x 20.9" 19" x 3.5" x 24"

3U 17.1" x 5.1" x 25.5"

4U 19" x 7" x 17.8" 19" x 7" x 26.4"

5U 19" x 8.34" x 19.67" 19.1" x 8.75" x 26.4"

6U 19" x 10.5" x 19.5"

7U 17" x 12.2" x 19.8"

UC16 Figure 2: Rack Unit Dimensions

Sound Central:

It must be of the modular type, for mounting in a 19" rack, and should be prepared for
cover the sound distribution needs for the entire space. Thus, the central will be
consisting of a properly wired metal frame equipped with: Pre-
amplificador com misturador de 3 vias de entrada ( 2 para microfone e 1 para linha) com
"gong", selector for 6 zones allowing the connection of an amplifier per zone.

Type: LBB 1925/10 by Philips or equivalent 240 W r.m.s. power amplifier with
Input for amplifier/mixer, LBB 1935/00 Type: LBB 1930/00 from Philips or
equivalent Warning output generator and various alarm tones.

UC16 Figure 3: Central Sound Image

Loudspeaker

Horn for outdoor installation, with a rectangular enclosure made of anodized aluminum,
26.7x17.1 cm opening, equipped with a speaker, 10 W line transformer and
sockets for connections 10W / 5W / 2.5W. Type: LBC 3491/12 from PHILIPS or equivalent.

UC16 Figure 4: Example of loudspeaker

Signal Distribution Network

FVV type cable 3x1.5mm² will be used for the connection to the volume controls and cable of
same type but with 2x1.5mm² for connection to the speakers. The connection cable
Between the call stations and the central will be of the type microphone cable, shielded, with 2 x
0.15 mm².

UC16 Figure 5: Example of car sound system

Signal Sources

Double deck cassette recorder Recording on both "drives" on both sides in

continuous mode with auto-reverse Dolby noise reducer Type: SD 4030 from Marantz or
equivalent.

UC16 Figure 6: Cassette recorder

CD Reader - Automatic Multi-Disc Possibility of random and programmable reading, type:

LBB 1961/00 from PHILIPS or equivalent. All these equipment will be for assembly.
in a 19" rack that will also be provided along with the connection cables
necessary.

UC16 Figure 7: CD Reader