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Understanding Phase Modulation Basics

Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation technique where the phase of the carrier signal varies in accordance with the modulating signal, while maintaining constant frequency and amplitude. Although PM offers advantages such as reduced noise and improved fidelity, it requires more complex equipment and has ambiguity issues. The bandwidth of a PM signal is indefinite, similar to frequency modulation, with specific characteristics depending on the amplitude of the modulating signal.

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6 views3 pages

Understanding Phase Modulation Basics

Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation technique where the phase of the carrier signal varies in accordance with the modulating signal, while maintaining constant frequency and amplitude. Although PM offers advantages such as reduced noise and improved fidelity, it requires more complex equipment and has ambiguity issues. The bandwidth of a PM signal is indefinite, similar to frequency modulation, with specific characteristics depending on the amplitude of the modulating signal.

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Phase modulation

Phase modulation (PM). It is a process


where the carrier signal parameter
which will vary according to the signal
modulator is the phase, maintaining the
frequency and the constant amplitude, is a
type ofmodulationexponential equal
than frequency modulation.

It is a modulation that is characterized by the phase of


thecarrier wavevaries in direct proportion to
agreement with the modulating signal. Phase modulation does not
it is usually widely used because it requires equipment of
more complex receptions than those offrecuencia modulada.
It can also present problems of ambiguity for
determine if a signal has a phase of 0º or 180º.

Let’s assume that the signal to be transmitted or modulating

is and that the carrier signal is expressed as:

Where:
Angular frequency of the carrier.
The resulting signal is described by the following equation:

This demonstrates how m(t) modulates the phase; the greater the value of
the signal at a certain point in time, the greater the phase shift of the
carrier wave at that point. This can also be seen as a
change in the frequency of the carrier wave and thus Phase Modulation
it can be considered as a special case of theFMin which the
frequency modulation is given by the derivative with respect to time of the
phase modulation.
The mathematics of behaviorspectral densityreveals that
there are two regions of particular interest:

For small amplitude signals, phase modulation is similar to


theAMand thus shows the "fold" of its base bandwidth and
poor efficiency.

For large sinusoidal signals, this modulation is similar to FM, and


its bandwidth is approximately:

where y it is the modulation index. This is also known as


theCarson's Rulefor phase modulation. The modulation index, in
this case indicates how much the phase varies around the unmodulated value in the
carrier wave:

Where it is the peak phase deviation.

Use.

It is widely used in commercial broadcasting, sound transmission.


fromtelevisiontwo-way mobile radio, radiocell phoneand the systems of
communications bymicrowaveysatellite.

Advantages of Phase Modulation

Reduction ofnoise
Improved fidelity ofsystem
More efficient use of the power.
Disadvantages.

This type of modulation requires a large bandwidth and more circuits.


complex, both in the transmitter and the receiver as it may present
ambiguity problems to determine, for example, if a signal has a phase of
0º or 180º.

Bandwidth.

The bandwidth of a PM signal, just like in frequency modulation, is


extends indefinitely having a standard amplitude or transfer range
at 58kHz with 6 transfer channels, canceling only at certain values
of discrete frequency. When the modulating signal is a sine wave, the spectrum of
The power is discrete and symmetric with respect to the carrier frequency.

Difference between Frequency modulation and Phase modulation.

In theFrequency modulation(FM) the maximum frequency deviation, that is,


Change in the carrier frequency occurs during the maximum negative points.
and positive of the modulating signal, that is, the frequency deviation is
proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal. In phase modulation (PM), the
maximum frequency deviation occurs during the zero crossings of the signal
modulating, that is, the frequency deviation is proportional to the slope or
first derivative of the modulating signal.

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