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First Philippine Republic Overview

The document discusses the formation of Filipino national consciousness and the Philippine Revolution of 1896, which led to the establishment of the first Philippine Republic, the Malolos Republic. It details the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which created a truce between Emilio Aguinaldo and the Spaniards, and the subsequent establishment of the Malolos Republic following Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines. The document highlights the significance of these events in the context of decolonization and the emergence of the Philippines as the first Asian nation to declare independence from colonial rule.

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Airene Paler
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6 views1 page

First Philippine Republic Overview

The document discusses the formation of Filipino national consciousness and the Philippine Revolution of 1896, which led to the establishment of the first Philippine Republic, the Malolos Republic. It details the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which created a truce between Emilio Aguinaldo and the Spaniards, and the subsequent establishment of the Malolos Republic following Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines. The document highlights the significance of these events in the context of decolonization and the emergence of the Philippines as the first Asian nation to declare independence from colonial rule.

Uploaded by

Airene Paler
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STUDY GUIDE 5

The First Philippine Republic


Introduction
As discussed in our previous lesson, the reform and separatist movements contributed
to the formation of Filipino national consciousness in the 19th century. As the most
important political struggle in history, the Philippine Revolution of 1896 was the first
among Southeast Asian nations that fought against the Western colonial power. This
module aims to understand and examine the struggles of the Filipinos in advancing
decolonization and the events that led to the establishment of the first Philippine
Republic- the Malolos Republic.
1.1. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Emilio Aguinaldo and the Spaniards
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897, created a truce between
Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary
leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. The pact contained the terms
of surrender, which included the voluntary exile of Emilio Aguinaldo and the top officials
of the group, surrender of arms, and monetary indemnity by the Spanish government.
Aguinaldo had decided to use the money to purchase advanced firearms and
ammunition upon his return to the Philippines.
1.2. The establishment of the Malolos Republic
Upon the advice of the Americans, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines to continue the
revolution against Spain. Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government first, but
changed this to the Revolutionary Government (declaration of Philippine Independence,
June 12, 1898), where he established the Malolos Republic by convening a Congress
(Malolos Congress; inaugurated September 1898) that made the Malolos Constitution
(promulgated January 1899). The events that led to the Malolos Republic showed the
Filipinos' courage and determination in establishing our government run by the Filipinos.
As the first Asian nation to declare its independence from 300 years of Spanish
colonization and exploitation, it paved the way for the foundation of our republican and
democratic society.
Meanwhile, the United States of America (once a British colony), slowly emerging as
one of the industrialized countries in the western world, is poised to engage other
imperial powers in a contest of economic might and naval supremacy. Succeeding
diplomatic constraints between the US and Spain about Cuba, the US declared war
against Spain by April 1898. Admiral George Dewey was immediately ordered to sail to
Manila Bay to prepare for the battle against the Spanish forces in the Philippines.

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