BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

MINISTRY OF PEOPLE'S POWER FOR HIGHER EDUCATION,

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL UNIVERSITY OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS RÓMULO
GALLEGOS
AREA OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
CURRICULAR UNIT: COMPUTER SCIENCE II
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING SECTION M2
SAN JUAN DE LOS MORROS
EDO-GUÁRICO

Professor: Author:

Víctor Álvarez Martínez Rafael

C.I: 29.671.814

San Juan De Los Morros, April 2021

 INTRODUCTION
This selected topic for research is free software. More and more
more users who use this type of software for the simple reason that it is
free and provides us with the same features as other types of software.

In the work, I will try to provide general information about the topic. I will start.
defining free software and the benefits it provides us.
this, the characteristics that compose it and the licenses that protect this type
of the software. I will later mention the advantages and disadvantages of the software.
free, the available applications, I will explain the differences of free software with
regarding proprietary software and operating systems under free software.
Finally, I will try to make a brief conclusion on the topic.
 What is Free Software?
Free software refers to the freedom of users to run, copy,
distribute, study, change and improve the Software; more precisely, it refers to
the four freedoms of software users: the freedom to use the program,
for any purpose; to study the functioning of the program, and adapt it to
the needs; to distribute copies, with which one can help others and of
improve the program and make the improvements public, so that the entire community
benefit (for the second and last freedom mentioned, access to the Code
source is a prerequisite.

Free software is often available for free, or at cost price of the

distribution through other means; however, it is not mandatory for it to be so,
therefore, free software should not be associated with 'free software' (called
usually Freeware), since, while maintaining its free character, it can be
distribuido comercialmente ("software comercial").

2) Characteristics of free software

:

Community-based distributed development

In a typical free software, initially an individual or

few volunteers participate in the project. Once the project begins and
it is successful, a project community is created. Later, other members
from the community contribute to the project. The concurrent versions System
(CVS) help the distributed development of free software.

CVS is a client-server software revision control system.

Tracks all changes in a set of files and allows
the collaboration of several developers. CVS itself is free software and
globally distributed open source.

The development of software by virtual teams promises flexibility, capacity

of response, lower costs, and improvements in resource utilization.

Modular design

In modular design, the software architecture is divided into components.

called modules. Due to the distributed nature of free software, its design
it must be modular to easily incorporate it into the main system. The
Modularity is beneficial for open source code production. Modular design
well-defined interfaces help the collaborative development of free software.

Reuse

Reusability means that the source code segment can be used from
new to add new functionalities with little or no modification.
This fits very well with the characteristics of the code production process.
open.

Free software licenses grant rights to the developer to

obtain the source code, inspect it, modify it, and distribute it. The reuse
The code can be either inside the project or outside the project, that is, in others.
projects.

Free software repositories like SourceForge offer great

amounts of reusable code.

Distribution and licenses

The Internet is the distribution medium of Free and Open Source Software.
Websites, mailing lists, blogs, forums, etc., all contribute to the wide
advertising and distribution of free and open source software. There is a wide
range of license options, such as GPL, LGPL, BSD, ISC, artistic license, etc.

Reward mechanisms

At the beginning of the free software movement, it was apparently difficult to perceive
the business opportunities of free and open-source software. But
now, the business model of free software is succeeding. The sources of
revenues come from donations to provide services such as consulting,
integration, support, and training. It is also worth mentioning that
reward that is not money, such as reputation and serving the community
it is also important for many developers.

3) Ventajas y Desventajas del Software Libre

Free Software is about freedom. In practice, this provides
numerous advantages for users, organizations, companies, and governments.

Autonomy: Free Software helps to develop and maintain software.

measure that adapts to your needs, not just to the business model of
provider.
 Collaboration: Free Software can be shared and used by everyone.
world in a non-exclusive manner, serving the public good.

Share & Copy: A Free Software license allows you to run a

unlimited number of installations, without paying extra.

No Lockouts: Free Software licenses reinforce independence

regarding the sellers and provide more options in suppliers
of services.

Reuse Code: Free Software provides the freedom to reuse the

code for other projects.

Innovation: A Free Software license fosters innovation for your

software.

Competition: Free Software resists monopolization and improves the

competition.

Security: Free Software allows for security controls

independents who help close security gaps faster.

Just as we encounter the advantages, we must also see the disadvantages.

disadvantages of free software and seeing the other side of the coin.

Variety of versions: Free software, being 'free', anyone can

create your version and this creates fragmentation in the market and confusion for
the user. And as if that weren't enough, a free software with versions
uncontrolled tends to make mistakes in reading files.

There is no definition of warranty: Like free software practically

It belongs to the community, there is no one responsible to face you.
like in private software where you can indeed establish a link of
guarantee with the company.
Requires technical knowledge: It has become easier nowadays.
originally, free software requires technical knowledge of
computing or even programming for the correct installation of the
software. In newer versions, well monitored, the installations
they have become simpler now.

Quality control is provided by the community: This is a double-edged sword

filos, since if the community of that software is not active, it is difficult for the
errors will be corrected.
 Low budget: even nonexistent, for advertising. Free software is
characterized by word-of-mouth advertising, unlike software
private where a well-established advertising budget is in place.

Both free and private software have their advantages, and this will depend on
a lot of the needs and possibilities that one has. If you have low
budget and you need a program for your work, project, etc. the software
free can be a good option. Also if your industry already has established
some software given its history in context, free software will remain
as a difficult option to choose.

4) Applications of Free Software

IfThe following lists twenty-five free software applications, as a way of

for example, several of them have become very popular:

Ares: A P2P (peer to peer) program to search and download from the
Web of all types of files, even from multiple sources (which will be possible
if the file is shared simultaneously by several users), with which
that the download time can be reduced
2) Mozilla Firefox: It is a browser with numerous features and
possibility of customization is often highly valued
capacidad para proteger la vida privada del usuario.
3) Apache Open Office: A package that offers various tools, among
word processor, spreadsheets, graphic presentations, and databases
of data.
4) Clam Win Free Antivirus: As its name indicates, it is a
efficientantivirus programwhich is updated permanently; has more
600,000 users per day worldwide.
5) Moodle: It is widely used in the field of education, as it allows
upload various contents (videos, images, texts), even the
communication and networking or taking online exams.
6)Vuze (formerly Azureus): It is similar to Ares in its foundation and modality
it is used to download files of different types (audio, video, etc.) in
peer-to-peer modality using the BitTorrent mechanism.
7) JBoss: It is a runtime platform used to build
and implement transactional services and applications based on language
Java.
8)[Link] dedicated to digital photo processing.
Gallery: It is a program that serves to organize photo albums.
simple and intuitive way.
Qcad: It is a computer-aided technical drawing application.
(CAD) in two dimensions. Very useful for engineers, architects,
decorators. It is compatible with Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.
 Notepad ++: It is an editing program that allows you to take quick notes and
that works with C++ language.
12) Emule: Similar to Vuze or Ares, it allows you to find and download different files.
of audio, video and documents in general. It is a P2P type program.
13) Spybot – Search & Destroy: It is a program that prevents the entry of
malicious software to the computer, which could act as a 'spy'.
14) 7-Zip. It is a high-efficiency file compression program.
15) Audacity: It is a program for recording and editing audio.
different sources, which also serves for post-processing of
audio files.
16) FreeBSD: It is aoperating systemof Unix type free access, it was very
popular before the arrival of Linux.
17) JDownloader: It is an open platform written in Java, it simplifies the
file downloads from servers like Rapidshare or Megaupload.
It offers multiple parallel downloads and captcha recognition.
Elgg 1.12.2: Platform for creating social networks and blogs based on PHP and
MySQL.
WordPress also serves for the publication of blogs and databases.
20) Avogadro 1.1.1: Editor ofmoleculesoriented towards computational chemistry, to
bioinformatics, to the modeling of molecules and related areas.
K-Sketch: It is an informal animation editor; with versions
available for mobile platforms.
22) Clip Art Library: Collection of images that can be used and
modify freely.
GenealogyJ: Genealogical data editor, allows the creation of different classes.
from reports based on individuals' data. Works with Java language.
24) Marble: Atlas and virtual globe that offers different maps
projections.
Calibre: E-book management program, allows organizing
book collections and convert the books to various formats, such as for
to be read, for example, as ebooks.

5) Differences between free software and proprietary software.

El software libre es aquel que puede ser distribuido, modificado, copiado y
used; therefore, it must be accompanied by the source code to be effective
the freedoms that characterize it

While private software refers to any computer program in

that users have limited possibilities to use it, modify it or
redistribute it (with or without modifications), or that its source code is not available
or access to it is restricted.
 6) Operating systems under free software

FreeBSD

If you are using a free operating system that is not Linux, you are probably
it is based on BSD. Although FreeBSD cannot be properly called UNIX
not having acquired the proper license is one of the so-called 'clones of
UNIX, such as NetBSD, OpenBSD, and PC-BSD. Even if you are not a fan of
free software, it is possible that you are using parts of FreeBSD, since due to the
permissive license of the project a part of the code is used in devices
various such as Apple's MacOS itself, Sony's PlayStation 4, or routers
from Juniper.

ReactOS

Open-source operating system for x86/x64 PCs that has the particularity
to be binary compatible with applications and drivers programmed for
Windows. Obviously, it cannot include actual Windows code but has applied
partially many Windows APIs and collaborates with the Wine project to
to be able to improve the operation of the programs. It's the closest thing to
a 'Windows without Microsoft' that you will find.

FreeDOS

Another free system under the GPL license that aims to be completely
compatible with MS-DOS applications and drivers. Like this, it works in line with
commands with the FreeCOM interpreter. FreeBSD usually comes pre-installed on
new equipment from manufacturers like MSI that are offered without Windows systems or
Pre-installed Linux. It works great, for example, for running old games.
TWO.

Haiku

A free system under the MIT license inspired by BeOS (Be Operating System),
maintained by the non-profit organization of the same name. Haiku has
with its own modular micro kernel called NewOS, optimized for work
multimedia, with audio, video, graphics and three-dimensional animations. Likewise
what ReactOS does with Windows, the goal of Haiku is to work with
the applications of BeOS and their drivers, although this last section is
worst supported. Based on this system, you can find two distributions
called "TiltOs" and "Senryu", which are published as a virtual hard drive for
Virtual Box.
Illumos

Free software under MIT and BSD licenses based on OpenSolaris, created for its
since the proprietary version of the original Solaris from Sun Microsystems, company
acquired as you know by Oracle. In fact, the initiative originated from some
main engineers of Solaris and proposes to continue with the development and the
independent maintenance of the OS/Net (ON) code from Oracle and
community-based. Illumos is not a distro in itself, because its goal is to
provide the base code from which anyone can create their own
software distribution based on the OpenSolaris operating system. The main
distribution is performed by the Project Indiana
with OpenIndiana. Nexenta, BeleniX, and SchilliX are other distributions.
basadas en OpenSolaris que apoyan el proyecto.

Syllable

A free software project based on AtheOS, the system that originally

it intended to be a clone of AmigaOS and has ended up replacing Syllable.
Compatible with x86 architectures, client and server versions are offered and
own applications such as a Webkit-based web browser or an application
email. Its greatest virtue lies in its efficiency in machines with
very low resources, from 32 Mbytes of RAM. The complete installation only takes up
250 MB.

AROS Research Operating System

Another system that implements the AmigaOS APIs in open source, with
whose executables are compatible at the binary level on 68k processors, in addition to
code compatible with other architectures such as x86 for which it is
offers natively. It is portable and can run hosted on Windows,
Linux and FreeBSD.

MenuetOS

Also known as MeOS, its most prominent feature is that

it is completely programmed in assembly language. It is designed to
to work on very basic equipment although it supports up to 32 Gbytes of RAM. With
to tell you that the system fits on a 1.44 Mbyte floppy disk says it all. Still
this is how it manages to include a graphical desktop and drivers for keyboards,
video, audio, USB or printers.

DexOS

A 32-bit operating system written for the x86 architecture in language

assembler. It is designed for programmers who want direct access
to the hardware (including CPU and graphics) with well-commented code and
documented.

Visopsys

Another free and open system under GPL that has been in development since
1997, as a hobby of a single programmer, Andy McLaughlin. It supports
x86 architectures, it is written in C and assembly and is not based on any
pre-existing system, while using Linux kernel code, offers tools
Common GNU and part of the graphical user interface like the icons,
will be familiar to KDE Plasma users.

7) Types of operating systems under free software.

Operating Systems by their Structure

According to Alcal92, two types of requirements must be observed when building

an operating system, which are:

User requirements: Easy to use and learn system, secure, fast and
suitable for the use it is intended for. Software requirements: Where it
they encompass aspects such as maintenance, modes of operation, restrictions of
use, efficiency, tolerance for errors, and flexibility. Subsequently, it
they will describe the different structures that current systems present
operational to meet the needs that are desired from them.

Public domain software

Public domain software is software that is not protected by copyright.

by the author. It is a special case of free software not protected by copyleft, which
it means that some copies or modified versions may not be
completely free.

Software protected by copyleft

 Copyleft protected software is free software whose terms of
distribution ensures that all copies of all versions are software
free. This means, for example, that copyleft licenses do not allow third parties
add no additional requirements and demand that the source code be public.

Non-copyleft free software

Unprotected free software with copyleft includes the author's permission for
redistribute and modify the software, as well as the permission to add restrictions
additional.

That a program is free but not protected by copyleft means that

Some copies or modified versions of it may not be completely
free. A software company could compile the program, with or without
modifications, and distribute the executable file as a software product
private.

The GNU system

Project initiated by Richard Stallman with the aim of creating a system

complete free operating: the GNU system. The GNU system is the operating system
similar to Unix, entirely made up of free software, which was developed
in the GNU project since 1984. The GNU system includes all GNU software,
in addition to many other packages, such as the X Windows system and Tex, which
they are not GNU software.
 CONCLUSIONS
I can conclude my work by saying that free software is a movement
unstoppable, based on sharing and cooperation. The experience has
it has also been demonstrated that this methodology is not only ethically preferable, but
which also produces better programs from a technical point of view. The
free software is the future, after all free software gives us users the
the same features as other types of software such as non-free software. Likewise, it is
a profitable bet for the future in those areas that are still underdeveloped and a
real and immediate opportunity in other areas to utilize solutions
equivalents to the owners with: a lower cost, greater guarantees of
security, due to the possibility of auditing the code in use, a greater
flexibility in adaptation and integration, thanks to the possibility of modification
said code and the possibility of guaranteed maintenance of a solution of
safety regardless of the origin of the product itself.
 ANNEXES
Creator of Free Software

Some of the most important applications of free software

Free operating systems