Construction Project Report

1. INTRODUCTION

The construction industry plays an important role in development

from a country, both culturally and economically since, through the
construction meets the infrastructure needs of the
majority of the economic and social activities of a nation. Despite
Hello, the construction industry is probably one of the
industries that present a lower degree of development compared to others,
such as thecomputer scienceor thetelecommunications.
In the special case of civil construction, it is defined as the area that
carries out the construction of a facility for usepublico
privateurbano rural.

The construction industry can be divided into two main groups:

design and construction. Giving rise to a large group of professionals,
such how architects, engineers civilians, engineers in
constructionand civil contractors.

Deriving these into many more, as is the case of drawers

technicians, orhigher-level or university technicians in constructionIn
a simple example, like the case of building a house, the
The architect designs the work, the civil engineer calculates the measurements and executes.
the necessary evaluation, and the civil builder constructs it, being this
last who spends most of the time on the ground. In any
moment, if any difficulty arises, the mentioned professionals will
They gather to plan and seek the most beneficial solutions.

2. SHOPPING CENTERS IN PERU

In the last five years, sales channeled through the

shopping centers have tripled and the number of centers
commercials have more than doubled. By 2013, it is expected that the
industry sells more than US$6 billion and 11 centers will be opened
commercials. But this development has not stopped there, but has
promoted greater inclusion of new consumers in the
modernity, with significant growth in provinces, the generation
of new jobs and the contribution of higher taxes to the country.
Today shopping centers channel 18% of linked commerce.
to their target businesses and the figure continues to rise.

3. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

The labor employed in masonry constructions will be

qualified, needing to supervise compliance with the following
basic requirements:

The walls will be built plumb and in line. There will be no violation against
the integrity of the newly set wall.

II. In masonry with units set with mortar, all the

horizontal and vertical lines will be completely filled with
mortar. The thickness of the mortar joints will be at least 10
mm and the maximum thickness will be 15 mm or twice the tolerance
dimensional in the height of the masonry unit plus 4 mm, it
to be greater. In the joints that contain the horizontal reinforcement,
the minimum thickness of the joint will be 6 mm plus the diameter of the
bar.

III. The mortar's temper will be maintained by replacing the

water that may have evaporated, just once. The deadline of
The retempling will not exceed that of the initial cement forge.

IV. The masonry units will be set with the free surfaces.
of dust and without free water. The settling will be done by pressing
vertically the units, without wobbling them. (As treatment
previously, in the clay units, water them for half an hour.
between 10 to 15 hours before placing them.

V. For the settling of the first row, the concrete surface

that will serve as a seat will be prepared in advance so that
it became rough, then it will be cleaned of dust or other loose material and
It will be moistened before laying the first row.

VI. No more than 1.30 m of wall height will be laid in a work shift.
in the case of using completely solid units,
 the first work shift will end without filling the vertical board
from the first row, this filling will be done at the beginning of the
second round.

VII. The construction meetings between work shifts will be

clean and will be previously moistened.

VIII. The type of rigging to be used will be rope, head, or mooring.

American, overlapping the units between the rows
consecutive.

IX. The procedure for placing and consolidating concrete

liquid inside the cells of the units, as in the
reinforced concrete elements must ensure occupancy
total space and the absence of crab traps.

The cambered beams will be poured all at once together.

with the ceiling slab.

XI. The facilities shall be installed as indicated in 2.6 and

2.7.
XII.
Many times it is customary to pour the concrete of the beams in 2
stages, this is incorrect because a joint is formed
construction that creates a potential plane of failure due to sliding.

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORK

I. SEISMIC JOINTS

Committee that allows for the independence of two mountain ranges

adjacent, so that the movement of one occurs from
independently from the other.
 II.

II. FILLING WALLS

There are two types of walls: load-bearing walls and partitions.

first support the weight of the structure and resist the force
of earthquakes, unlike the partitions that are used
to separate environments.
The plans consider the appropriate amount of walls in the
two addresses, as mentioned in the section "Causes and
effects of earthquakes.

II.a) Classification according to the type of placement

Masonry walls can be built by setting

the bricks of various shapes. The most commonly used are: that of
soga and the head

II.b) Most Frequent Encounters

The most frequent encounters between rows are in 'L', in

"T" and in "cross". Below are these
meetings for rope and head ties:
III. RETAINING WALLS

The retaining walls

They are used to stop masses of earth or other materials.
loose when the conditions do not allow for these masses
assume their natural pending. These conditions are
they present when the width of an excavation, cut, or embankment
is restricted by conditions of ownership, use of the
structure or economy.

For example, in the construction of railways or roads,

the width of the easement of the road is fixed and the cut or embankment
it must be contained within this width. Similarly,
the walls of the basements of buildings must be located within
the boundaries of the property and contain the soil around the
basement.

In the situations we have seen in the play, the walls

they primarily work in bending with compression
vertical due to its own weight. Occasionally the walls
they serve as a foundation by transmitting the pressures or
loads supplied by the pillars or by the slabs that are
support in the coronation of the wall. These characteristics it
we saw in the basement walls.
IV. STAIRS

The concrete staircase is a jagged and sloped slab, that

allows us to move up or down from one level to another.

A staircase is made up of flights, landings, and

railings. The sections are made up of steps; and
the steps, by treads and risers
Stairs can be built inside or outside of
the housing and the conditions that must be met are
following:
 The stairs continue
aran with a
maximum of
seventeen steps
between a floor and
another. If the number
it mayor himself
must intersperse
a break that
will have as
minimum 0.90 m of
length.
In each section
of ladder, the
steps and the
the counter steps will be

uniforms
having to comply
with a minimum of
25 cm for the steps and a maximum of 18 cm for the
backsteps.
V. ROOFING WORK

Plastering of exterior or interior walls The thickness of the plastering

It may vary according to the client's demands or delays.
(errors) of the roofs
This item includes the execution of the lining of
interior walls and exterior walls, with a layer of mortar
fine sand cement applied on the ceiling.

V.a) Construction Method.

Type I cement that complies with ASTM-C will be used.

150, arena fina de río, clavos cabeza para madera, agua y
wooden scaffolding. Great care must be taken with the plastering
the quality of the sand, which must not be clayey. It will be sand
washed, clean and well granulated, uniformly classified
from fine to coarse, free of organic materials and
saltpetres.
VI. VENTILATION DUCTS

They are air conditioning ducts Flexible ducts with

glass fiber insulation or better known as glass block
and with a double-layered polyester outer cover

Available in diameters from 4" to 24" in intervals

of 2".
Exterior and interior metalized and reinforced ducts.

The ventilation ducts can be assembled on floors and

raise several sections at the same time, as many sections as you can
raise your lifting system.

VI.a) Applications

Air conditioning and general ventilation (industrial,

commercial, institutional.
Extraction from commercial and industrial kitchens.
General extractions (basements, parking lots,
bathrooms.
Evacuation of gases and fumes (painting booths)