MECHANICAL RISK

Dangers of Machines It is the ability to perform your function, to be

transported, to be installed, adjusted, maintained,
dismantled and removed in the conditions of
planned use, specified in the manual of
instructions

The machine's safety must be This security will be guaranteed for the
contemplated in all phases of her life and use stipulated by the manufacturer
utilization

9Cut.
The source elements of these dangers are:
9Trapping.
9Mobile work elements.
9Electric shock.
9Mobile energy or movement elements.
9Projection fragments or
particles. 9Electrical installation.
9Hearing loss 9Working tools.

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineer - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 1

 MACHINES
These situations will vary depending on
DANGEROUS SITUATIONS risk generated in the machine and the
They are located in: operations to be carried out

1.- Food and material extraction. Press⇒ entrapments

2.- Machine maintenance. Cleaning of rollers⇒ entrapments
Electrical breakdowns⇒ electric shocks
3.- During work. Rebarbation in grinders⇒ particle projection
Personnel near noisy machines⇒ noise

EVENTS THAT CAN TRIGGER ACCIDENTS IN MACHINES

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR:
TECHNICAL FACTOR: HUMAN FACTOR:
Instinctive movements near areas Dust: excessive wear,
Isolation: industrial electric shock. traffic jams mobile elements and
mass failure accumulations that dangerous.
valves, incorrect signals
they can cause starts Design errors: failures of in detectors.
machine inspectors. machine operation.
Ionizing radiations or in:
Cancellation of security devices Assembly or replacement of a malfunctioning systems
Breakage of hydraulic fluid pipes to element with shape electric
pressure: liquid projection to defective.
Slippery floor: fall
pressure or decrease of tools Badly executed orders or in about hazardous elements.
machines (presses). inappropriate sequences
Noise: distraction.
Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineer - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 2
 MACHINES
It is the means that eliminates the danger or reduces it.
SAFETY MEASURES risk

SEQUENCE:

Use of means Use of PPE by Methods and standards of

technicians about machines worker's part safe work

OBJECT: The purpose of implementing security measures is to make it as secure as possible.

possible the machine following the next criteria:
Eliminating all the dangers it may have.
1. Decreasing the level of risk by acting on the hazardous elements.
2. In any case, you should take into account the residual risks.

SECURITY ELEMENTS

SENSITIVE DEVICES
FIXED MOBILES SENSITIVE COMMANDS

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineering - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 3

 Elements of the machines used
specifically to ensure protection
through a material barrier
Depending on their shape they will be:
FIXED GUARDS Case •Pantalla•Envolvente
Guard that maintains its position either from
Cover Door
permanent form or through elements of
fixation

FIXED ENVELOPING GUARANTEE:

Fixed protector that, once closed, prevents access to the
dangerous zone through confinement.

FIXED DISTANCER GUARD:

It does not completely enclose the dangerous area but
it prevents or limits access thanks to its dimensions
and its distancing from risk.

Risks in Construction Activities – Civil Engineering – UTN F.R. Santa Fe 4

DESIGN AND CONCEPTION OF THE PROTECTORS
RELATED TO THE PROTECTOR:
The conception of the protector will not give rise to
a new risk.
They must be made of durable material and not
they pose hygienic risks, easy to clean.
They will be chosen with colors that attract the
attention to them.
They will lack edges, sharp corners or
dangerous.
RELATED TO MACHINES:
They must allow the execution of operations
of maintenance.
They will withstand the dangers of projections due to
breakdowns of the machine components.
They will contain the risk of gas emissions,
particles, cooling liquids, etc.
REGARDING THE WORKER:
They should mitigate (if possible) emissions.
sonorous and radiations. Safety distances.
In case of explosion risk, they must be capable Appropriate operational vision.
to dissipate the energy released in form and Dimensions and weights of the
sense safe. suitable moving parts.

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineering - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 5

 MACHINES
The information provided by a machine must include detailed information about
the provided protectors and detailed description of the adopted solutions
to eliminate the risk

INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED

Risk assessment conducted.

Related to conception and Plans of the protectors.
construction of the protectors. Materiales utilizados.
Inherent risks of protectors.

Declaration of conformity regarding

safety distances, resistance
Related to their characteristics. to the shocks, acoustic limits.
Assembly.

Proper use.
Use of protectors. Dismantling.
Controls and maintenance.

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineer - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 6

 TYPES OF MOBILE BACKUPS I
Safeguard
self-regulating Adjustable guard:
It is a mobile backup. Guard that one
moved by the self presents in part or
worked element totally adjustable

Motorized protection:
It is a moved safeguard by
energy different from the
gravity or human force
(move by pneumatic system or
motors)

Guard with interlocking device:

It is a safeguard associated with an embedding in such a way that:

The machine's dangerous functions cannot be

develop until it is closed.
The opening of the safeguard in the operation leads to a
stop order.
When it is closed, the machine can operate, but its closure
does not imply the start-up.

Risks in Construction Activities – Civil Engineer – UTN F.R. Santa Fe 7

 TYPES OF MOBILE BACKUPS II
Protection with interlocking device and
blockage:
It is a safeguard associated with a device of
clamping and mechanical blocking in such a way that:
The dangerous functions of the machine cannot
perform until the guard is closed and
blocked.
The safeguard remains blocked during the
machine operation.
The closure and locking do not imply the startup.
from the machine
Associated command safeguard:
It is a safeguard associated with a device.
of embedding in such a way that:
Dangerous functions cannot
perform until the safeguard
it is closed.
The closing of the guard causes the deployment.
on the operation of the machine

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineer - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 8

 CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN DE RESGUARDOS
DANGERS GENERATED DANGERS GENERATED BY MOVING ELEMENTS
BY MOVING ELEMENTS WHAT INTERVENES IN THE WORK
OF TRANSMISSION (TOOLS, UTENSILS, ETC.)

Can the
•Fixed safeguards or mobile elements become
totally inaccessible
Safeguards with devices while they carry out
of enclave or the work?
enclavement and blocking

Fixed safeguards or
Fixed safeguards that
•With device of prevent access to
enclavement and blocking, mobile elements used
with self-control, or
for work and
Protection devices Regular safeguards that
selected according to restrict access to
with the need to mobile elements in the
access to the danger zone areas where it is needed
access to carry out the
work
Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineer - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 9
TOOLS - General preventive measures
Having the right tools for the job.
That there is a permanent maintenance program.
Maintain a replacement plan that allows for the timely decommissioning of tools with
excessive wear or due to irreparable failures.
Suitable spaces for storing tools.
Training of staff for the use and conservation of tools.
Maintain periodic inspection systems.

Classification according to the

Classification of tools energy that moves them
Basic tools: Hammers of all kinds
Measuring tools: compass, square. Hand tools.
Tools for large cuts: Saws, planes. Power tools.
Tools for small cuts: Chisel, gouge. Pneumatic tools.
Tools for shaping and finishing: files, Impact tools.
scrapers, hand sanders, etc.
Drilling tools: Drill, punches.
Fastening tools: Vise, press
of fastening, etc.
Various. Example: Shovels, pickaxes, etc.
Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineering - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 10
 Hand tools
Hits on the hands.
Risks
Risks Small cuts to the worker.
Strikes from falling tools from height.
Defective tools.
Main sources Use of inadequate tools for the task.
of accidents Incorrect use of the tool.
Poor maintenance
Causes of accidents
Hammers, mallets, etc Screwdrivers
Loose or slightly unsafe mangoes. Loose or cut mangoes.
Stilly or rough mangos. Badly sharpened, chipped, or crooked blades.
Jumped or broken heads. Badly tempered, twisted shoots.
Open or broken hooks. Use them as a lever, chisel,
punchers, etc.
Use them as levers or keys.
Use screwdrivers that do not
Hold the handle very close to the head.
correspond to the size and type of
Use the pommel of the handle to strike. screw

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineering - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 11

Hand tools - Causes of accidents
Pliers Mountains,
pliers, etc. saws.
Deformed, shaped handles Misplaced or twisted leaves.
inadequate. Loose, split or rough mangos.
Worn or loose jaws.
Dull or damaged teeth.
Edge of the serrated cutting part.
Cutting too quickly.
Use pliers to loosen or tighten
nuts or screws. Work with only a part of the sheet.
Use them to hit.

Pick, shovel,
Keys
me, etc.
Loose, chipped, or rough mangos. Worn, deformed mouths or teeth
with cracks.
Dull or poorly sharpened.
Frayed end or with a broken thread.
Use them as levers or hammers.
Use it as a hammer or lever.
Try to sink too much the
tool. Push instead of pulling the key.
Use a pick instead of a mace to strike Use a key of the wrong type or size.
stones or hard material. appropriate.

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineer - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 12

 Hand tools - Causes of accidents
Files, rasps Formones
Non-distilled, loose, or broken mangoes.
Without mangoes.
Twisted, poorly tempered stems or
Broken, worn or tips too short.
greased.
Mauled or cracked threads.
Use them as leverage, hammer,
Use them as a lever, hammer, or
screwdriver, etc.
screwdriver
Hitting them or filing them incorrectly,
Use them to cut nails or having the
especially in machines in
material in hand.
movement.
Use it to cut material. Blowtorches
Use by unqualified personnel.
Hand brush Operate the equipment where it exists
combustible materials.
Broken or damaged mangoes. Use them with blowtorches or
Dull or broken blades hoses in bad condition
Inoperative regulation mechanisms. conditions.
Do not extract nails from the wood before. Hit the cylinders.
to work on it. Do not use PPE.
Test the blade by running your finger along it. Use of inappropriate gases for
the blowtorch.
Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineer - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 13
 Power tools
Various injuries due to electric shock,
Risks
Risks potentially leading to death.

Defective tools.
Main sources No use of personal protection.
of accidents Incorrect use of the tool.
Poor maintenance

Working in damp places or in the presence of

flammable.
Conductors with worn insulation or with spots
Risks naked.
electric Pull the plug to disconnect the tool.
generals Loose or wet connections.
Wrap the cables around the body.
Poor insulation of metal roofs.
Try to repair the tool.
Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineering - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 14
 Power tools - Causes of accidents
Welding Grinder
single-phase of the disk
Do not use protective equipment. Incorrect disk usage for the task.
Messy or dirty work area. Deteriorated or nonexistent outlets.
Welding in closed spaces or with poor Subject the disk to speeds
ventilation. greater than the recommended by the
Provide protective screens in manufacturer.
places where more people work. Incorrect disk mounting.
Welding fuel tanks. Failures of the protective cap.
Drills
Use inappropriate strands Circular saw
for the task.
Use the wrong disk for the task.
Badly sharpened blades.
Do not use the protective cap of the
Increase the diameter of the tool.
inclined drilling the
Dull, cracked, or damaged disc.
tool.
Incorrect assembly.
Poorly insulated metal casing.
Lack of protective helmet.
Not having the quantity and type of
necessary tools. No use of protective elements.
Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineering - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 15
 Pneumatic tools
Impacts from hose oscillation or tilting.
Sources Injuries to the feet from a falling tool on them.
principles of Do not close the air and purge the line before changing
accidents accessories or disconnect a hose.
In the use of personal protective equipment

Causes of accidents
Hammer Staplers
punch
Leave the job position without
Do not use protective equipment. disconnect the tool.
Use by untrained persons. Do not provide protective equipment.
Trigger does not stop the equipment when Not having devices to stop the
let it go. tool when released.
Not having a device that Do not support the tool firmly on
keep the tip in place. the surface of the material to be fixed.

Risks in Construction Activities - Civil Engineering - UTN F.R. Santa Fe 16