COURSE SUPPORT

DIGITAL COMPETENT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. PREAMBLE - Occupational Health and Safety Regulations..................................................4

1.1. IntroductionLegislation in the field..........................................................................................4
1.2. OHS Requirements...............................................................................................................................4

1.3. Instructions SSM

1.4. Marcaje .....................................................................................................................................7
1.5 The negative effects of prolonged computer use...................................................8

Chapter 2. - The Basics of the ComputerI ..............................................................................................9

2.1. Components of the personal computer........................................................................................9
2.2. Computer performance13
2.3. Types of computers..............................................................................................................13
2.4. Types of software used on a computer ...........................................................................14
2.5. Using the computer - ergonomic rules .................................................................15

Chapter 3– Operating System.16

3.1. Introduction– DefineThee16
3.1.1 What is the operating system?............................................................................................16
3.1.2 Definitions..............................................................................................................................16

3.2. Starting the computerInitializethe operating system– Overview of

Windows operating system7.18
3.2.1 DesktopWorking space................................................................................................19
3.2.2 Taskbaronly activities21
[Link]– Start Button ..................................................................................................21
3.2.2.2Main section of the activity bar............................................................22
[Link]. Notification zone– Tray bar................................................................................23
3.3 Using the Windows 7 Operating System- Operations and commands........................................23
3.3.1 Operations with sawse ...........................................................................................................24
3.3.2 Operations with folders and files..............................................................................................25
3.3.3 Using the operating system's predefined applications26
[Link] Notepad and Wordpadd..............................................................................................26
[Link] The Paint Application........................................................................................................28
[Link] Calculator Application29
3.4 Windows 7 Operating System Settings -Control panel............................................30

Chapter 4 -THE INTERNET AND WEB PAGES..................................................................................35

4.1. INTERNET APPLICATIONS.....................................................................................................36

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 4.2 WEB PAGES

Chapter 5 - Word and Excel

5.1. MICROSOFT OFFICE PROGRAM
5.2. MICROSOFT WORD– text editor...........................................................................................41
5.3 MICROSOFT EXCEL– table calculation..........................................................................................48
5.4. CREATING DIAGRAMS IN WORD AND EXCEL ................................................................53

Chapter 6LibreOffice Writer and Calc......................................................................................56

6.1. LibreOffice PROGRAM
6.2. LibreOffice Writer
6.3. LibreOffice Calc (spreadsheet). .............................................................................................67
6.4. Creating Diagrams in Writer and in Calc

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 Chapter 1. PREAMBLE - OSH Regulations
1.1. Introduction - Legislation in the field
The Luxembourg Declaration on the Promotion of Health at the Workplace in the Union
European
Workplace Health Promotion represents the combined efforts of
of employees, of their leaders and of the society for improving the condition
of people's health at the workplaces.
This can be achieved by combining:
improvements in work organization and the environment at the workplace
Promoting active participation
Encouraging personal initiative

Legislation in the field of occupational safety and health:

The Constitution of Romania 2003
Law 53/2003, Labor Code
Law no. 319 of 14/07/2006 on occupational safety and health
H.G. no. 1425 from 11.10.2006 for the approval of the methodological norms for application
the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Law no. 319/2006
Decision No. 955 of 08/09/2010 for amending and completing the Regulations
methodological guidelines for the implementation of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Law no.
319/2006, approved by Government Decision no. 1.425/2006
H.G. no. 1091 / 16.08.2006 regarding the minimum requirements for security and health for
workplace
H.G. no. 1028/ 09.08.2006 regarding the minimum requirements for security and health in
work related to the use of visual display equipment

[Link]ț eSSM
Employees and apprentices, students and/or interns must:
to adopt and respect the OSH instructions and the measures for their application
to these
to properly use technical equipment, hazardous substances, and others
means of production;
not to disconnect, change, or arbitrarily move
the security devices of technical equipment and buildings, as well as to
use these devices correctly;
to inform the workplace manager of any technical malfunction
or another situation that poses a risk of injury or illness
professional
to inform the workplace manager as soon as possible
work accidents suffered by oneself, by other employees or by apprentices,
students and/or trainees;
to stop working at the appearance of an imminent danger of an accident occurring and to
immediately inform the workplace manager;

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 to reasonably refuse to carry out a work task if it would impose
at risk of injury or occupational illness the person is
the other participants in the work process;
to use the personal protective equipment provided, appropriately
the purpose for which it was granted;
to cooperate with the employer and/or with employees with specific duties in
the field of occupational safety and health, as long as it is necessary, for
the employer has the opportunity to ensure that all working conditions
they are appropriate and pose no risks to security and health on site
or of work;
to provide information on their own initiative or at the request of regulatory authorities
research in the field of OSH.

The tasks and responsibilities of the voter/teacher

The reader (Professor) is responsible for the compliance with legislation and SSM requirements within
educational spaces, classrooms, laboratories, workshops, gymnasiums and others
work locations within the scope of activity, having the following tasks and obligations:

in offices, laboratories, workshops, educational spaces and other workplaces

to display, next to each car, installation or equipment, usage instructions
to these and deSSM;
to prepare specific OHS instructions for the workplaces, depending on
of the characteristics of the existing devices, machinery, and installations, as well as of
the specific conditions in which the respective activity takes place; for the machinery and
new machines, which do not have provisions in the general work protection regulations, will be
elaborate their own instructions, and warning signs will be displayed at workplaces and
suggestive posters;
to conduct the training on occupational safety and health according to the specific protective measures of the locations
respective work;
to ensure that students acquire knowledge and develop practical skills
professionals who respect the requirements, should not admit to work any person who
was not trained, or who did not acquire the necessary knowledge of H&S;
to ensure the proper functioning of protective devices and equipment
individual of protection and work, responsible for the implementation of all measures of
individual defense in the workplace;
to prohibit students from leaving or changing their workplace without approval
the site manager; during breaks, the provisions will be respected
regulation of internal order regarding the circulation and parking of individuals
within the teaching units of instruction;
to inform the leadership of the educational institution about any accident related to
work.

1.3. SSM Instruction

The OHS training is carried out by those who organize, control, and lead the work.
and school and extracurricular activities. The OHS training is conducted for individuals who
works in educational training spaces or in other workplaces where there is a danger of
accidents or professional illnesses.

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The OHS instruction consists of:
A. General introductory instruction:
It is done for the staff, apprentices, students, and/or pupils at the beginning of the year
scholars and whenever they switch to an activity different from the one for which they were trained in
that year.
The instruction is carried out by the site manager (teacher, engineer, foreman)
instructor, technician, etc.
In educational institutions where a labor protection office is organized, the training
will take place in this office.
During the general introductory training, knowledge regarding the following will be presented:
The importance of knowing and respecting occupational health and safety standards:
rights, obligations, the importance of respecting discipline in the workplace;
security signaling within the institution, enterprise, traffic at the workplace
work and within the workshop;
knowledge of places with the danger of explosions, fires, etc. and of the prohibitions for
these places;
the regulations in force regarding the provision of protective equipment or
the work equipment, its importance and the obligation to use it
An internal list of equipment with personal protective equipment (PPE) is created;
the importance and obligation of using protective devices;
Use and maintenance of hand tools;
the prohibition on interventions or work on machines and installations outside of their activities
has been established or the assigned tasks;
the importance of order and cleanliness in access ways and at the workplace;
General concepts of electrosecurity, ventilation, and lighting;
work hygiene concepts;
providing first aid in case of injury (accidents caused by electricity
electric, caloric shock, poisoning, wounds, fractures, internal traumas, etc.
general concepts regarding fire prevention and assistance, etc.
B. Workplace Instruction:
It is carried out by the supervisor of the respective workplace (teacher, engineer,
master-instructor, technician, etc.) to all students and other people who are supposed to
operates temporarily or permanently at this workplace.
The duration of on-the-job training will not be less than 8 hours depending on the conditions in
the work is carried out and the complexity of the aggregates.
C. The periodic instruction:
It is carried out at the workplace by the respective leader (teacher, engineer.
master-instructor, technician) of the students and all individuals who carry out their activities
to that workplace and aims to remind of the OHS requirements, to correct the shortcomings
manifest and strengthen discipline in respecting them.
This training will be conducted using: practical demonstrations, suggestive materials and
documentation (graphs, photographs, charts with aspects of the collective's activity, etc.).

The interval between two periodic instructions

The interval between two periodic training sessions for employees will be established by instructions.
own depending on the working conditions in the educational institution. For the staff
the technical-administrative interval between 2 periodic training sessions will be a maximum of 12 months.

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The instruction (general introductory, at the workplace and periodically) will be recorded in a manner
mandatory in the individual training record.

Verification of the acquisition of the health and safety training

The verification of the acquisition of the occupational health and safety training is done as follows:

•for students by department heads and project leaders (teacher, engineer,

master-instructor, technician etc.
for the teaching, auxiliary, economic and administrative staff, by the leader
educational institution;
for the leaders of educational institutions, by representatives of
school inspectorate or the ministry or the central authority under whose jurisdiction
the educational institution operates.
Security signaling
Security signaling represents a set of mandatory rules and measures.
applied to raise awareness of existing risks that cannot be avoided or
sufficiently limited by technical means of protection or work organization measures.

1.4. Marcaje

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 1.5 The negative effects of prolonged computer use

The direct symptoms of visual stress are:

irritated eyes;
burning sensation in the eyes;
blurred vision
eye strain;
headaches
dizziness
difficulties in focusing;
myopia
doubling of the image;
changes in color perception

Indirect symptoms of visual stress may include:

•endured the level of muscles and bones (neck, back, shoulders, wrists,
fingers);
excessive physical fatigue;
Low visual efficiency in carrying out the activity.
Since 1992, the states in the European Union have enacted national laws regarding
the design of work points, in current activities and in worker health and protection,
with provisions for protecting vision. In Romania, there are no such laws.

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 Capitolul 2. - Bazele calculatorului

It is becoming increasingly clear that the existence of each individual, as well as

the entire society as a whole is gaining an increasingly rapid pace, becoming more and more
marked by the necessity of quickly, completely, and accurately understanding the surrounding reality,
for decision-making to be done firmly, timely, and competently. This leads to
the increase in the volume of information that needs to be analyzed which means a reduction in
operationality in action.
In any field of activity you work in, you will have to make certain decisions. These are based on
certain information and data related to the subject of the activity and the activities carried out.
The processing of this information and data must be carried out taking into account the specifics of the activity as well
and the evolution of new technologies. Taking these aspects into account, we can build
the differences between data and information:
❖ data means the primary elements, coming from various sources, without a form
organized to allow for decision-making;
❖ information represents data that has a novelty character, enriching the level
the knowledge of the recipient of this information. A date that brings nothing
now it can not be considered information.

Data processing involves all actions carried out

on the data in order to obtain results based on which certain decisions can be made.

Structurally, the electronic computer has two components:

❖ hardware: the assembly of physical elements that can be used to gather data,
verify, transmit, store and process data storage media, as well as
output devices represent components that can be practically
peripheral devices (e.g.: mouse, scanner, printer, monitor, keyboard, etc.)
❖ software: the assembly of programs, procedures that control the operation
correct and efficient of hardware elements;

Through a human analogy, the muscles and bones represent the hardware part, while
Thoughts and feelings represent the software part.

2.1. Components of the personal computer

Functionally, the architecture of a computing system is composed of
the following components:

Central Unit (CU), composed of:

➢ Motherboard or baseboard - is a board that contains integrated circuits.
how all the internal components of a computer are connected.

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 ➢ The processor - the component of a computing system where all is carried out
the processes and calculations operations.

➢ Memory - high-speed integrated circuits for temporary data storage.

➢ Hard disk - a high-capacity storage device used for storage

permanent of programs and documents.

➢ The graphics adapter or video card displays the result of processing on the monitor.
calculator.

➢ Sound card - the component used to record and playback audio signals, by
the transformation of analog sound into binary information, and vice versa.

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 ➢ Optical drives - CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD - RW, BluRay Reader/Writer -
permanent data storage devices on discs using a laser.

➢ Source - an electric transformer that supplies electric energy.

the components of the computer.

Peripheral devices, consisting of:

Monitor - this is the main output device that displays information.

the video card of the computer. The size of a monitor represents the length
the diagonal of the screen expressed in inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm): 15", 17", 19", 21"...

Keyboard - is the main peripheral device for data input, being included in
the minimum equipment framework for any computer.

Mouse - this is a small plastic device that has two, three, or more buttons, a
a knob and an optical source. Determines the movement of a cursor (arrow) on the monitor.
the computer, in the direction the mouse moves. On laptops, tablets, and phones
we (SmartPhone) is replaced by a touch-sensitive surface.

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Speakers are used as output devices for sound.

Microphone - used to record various sounds on the computer, connected to the board.
sound. It is used in Internet telephony and for verbal input of commands.

Printer – a peripheral output device that allows data to be printed on paper.

computer problems.

Scanner - peripheral equipment for data strengthening that transforms analog information
(texts and images printed on paper) in a binary format. The result of the scanning is an image
saved on the hard disk.

Storage media
➢ USB Flash (USB memories) - nonvolatile memories that use electrical signals
to store data. They have no moving parts, which translates into a
high reliability.
➢ Memory cards - use the same storage technology as USB drives.
Flash is used in digital cameras, mobile phones, and multimedia players.

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 2.2. Computer Performance
The structure of a computer implies the existence of hard and soft components, therefore
performanţele în funcţionarea sa sunt determinate de cele obţinute de fiecare dintre
these.
A few technical factors that can influence the performance of the computer are:
✓ Processor speed;
✓ The size of the RAM memory;
✓ The size of the hard disk;
✓ Cache memory size;
✓ Data transmission speed on the data bus.

2.3. Types of computers

Due to the existence of the large number and diversity of criteria that should be taken into account,
it is very difficult to make a rigorous, clear, and complete classification of computing systems.
In summary, it can be considered that, in general, computing systems differentiate according to
size, processing capabilities, price, and operating speed. It is thus considered that there exists
four categories of computing systems:
❖ Microcomputers - they are computers known as computers
personal (Personal Computer - PC).
❖ Microcomputers - they are medium-sized computers, composed of modules.
Structural with precise functions. They are easy to install and use and can be connected to
the electric network without restrictions. They were created to perform certain functions.
specialized: multi-user applications, numerical control machines, automation
industrial, data transmissions between geographically dispersed systems.
❖ Mainframe computers constitute a distinct category, operating at high speeds.
managing and administering a very large volume of data. Allow multi-user access
(can support hundreds and even thousands of users simultaneously - e.g. in banks).
❖ Supercomputers are the most powerful, complex, and expensive systems.
electronic calculators, which can execute over 1 billion instructions per second. They have
the processor made up of a large number of microprocessors (on the order of thousands).

Personal computers - PC
➢ The classic desktop calculator, where the monitor is generally placed on
the case of the central unit, which is on the desk.

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 ➢ Tower-style calculator where the central unit casing is narrower, but more
higher than on the desktop and is placed next to the monitor or under the desk.

➢ Laptop (notebook) - portable calculator, built to be used in

out of the office with very high mobility, also having an independent source of
power supply (batteries or accumulators). It has light and small components, for example
LCD display, keyboard, and mouse replacement.

➢ Tablet PC – personal portable calculator with functions and characteristics similar to a laptop
which uses a touch screen as the main input device; in
Usually, a virtual keyboard and a 'stylus' are used as a mouse substitute.

2.4. Types of software used on a computer

Software components are usually made up of three categories: operating systems, drivers, and
application programs.

❖ The operating system - the set of programs that ensure optimal use of
the physical and logical resources of a computing system. It is responsible for managing
funcționarea componentelor hardware ale sistemului de calcul, de a coordona și
controls the execution of programs and allows user communication with the system
of calculation.

❖ Drivers - programs that provide the computer with specific information about a certain
hardware equipment. When a new device is connected to the computer, it needs to

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 install the corresponding driver on the hard disk. As a result, the driver is used by
the operating system for communication with the new equipment.

❖ Application programs - the totality of programs intended to solve certain problems

specific.

2.5. Using the computer - ergonomic rules

The center of the monitor screen should be positioned 30 degrees above eye level when
I go straight ahead.
The distance between the eyes and the screen should be between 45-70 cm, ideally 60 cm.
The main source of light (natural or artificial) must be perpendicular to the axis.
eye screen.
The forearms should be parallel to the work surface, and should not be hindered by
chair or office supports.
5. The back must be kept straight, the knees at 90 degrees, and the feet should rest on the ground.

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 Chapter 3 - Operating System
3.1. Introduction - Definitions

3.1.1 What is an operating system?

In the modern world in which we currently live, in the digital era, we are surrounded by everything.
countless "smart" devices: phones, tablets, televisions, ATMs,
navigation systems, .. etc. ...and of course personal and portable computers, become
more of a necessity than a luxury.
For all these smart digital devices to function and to
to fulfill the role for which they were designed, they need software (program)
to make the connection between the user and the device, software called the operating system.
An operating system is a set of programs that allows the user to
interact with the device they want to use.
Over time, dozens of operating systems have been invented and used, each
producer of a smart device coming with its own software solution
make functional.
However, nowadays, there are 3 operating systems that are used by 90%
among the existing devices:
• The Android operating system, invented by Google, which exists on
most of the phones, tablets, and Smart TVs sold today
• The operating system IOS, invented by Apple, which makes everything work
iPhone, iPad, iPod, iMac, or any other device launched on the market by Apple
• And the Windows operating system, invented by Microsoft, which is present
on most personal computers and laptops, other than Apple,
existing at the present time.

Operating systems are continuously developed and improved over time.

Over time, countless versions of each operating system have appeared, and this
the trend will never stop, because those who do not progress will lose ground and faith
disappearing from the market. There is fierce competition among manufacturers to offer the user
new experiences in using their devices as efficiently and simply as possible.

During this course, we will study the Microsoft Windows 7 operating system.
I will familiarize myself with the commands and the possibilities offered by this program.

3.1.2 Definitions
Before we start, it is necessary to familiarize ourselves with the specific terms.
folosițidin domeniul IT, pe care ii vom folosi pe parcursul acestui curs. Sădefinim în
continue in alphabetical order some of the most commonly used terms:

➢ Archiving: The process of compressing files using various programs.

archive, in order to save free space in memory
➢ ASCII: (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a system
character encoding. According to ASCII all letters, Arabic numbers and
special symbols correspond to a numeric code between 32 and 127
➢ Attachment: A file added (attached) to an email for sending

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 ➢ Bit: The unit of measurement for transmitted amounts of information, expressed in
binary system.
➢ Byte: A unit of information that represents a sequence of eight bits.
constitutes the smallest addressable unit of memory.
Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 Byte (B)
Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
➢ Browser: Software (program) that allows us to open web pages
(e.g. Internet Explorer, Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox)
➢ Character: A graphic symbol displayed after pressing a key. It falls into 2
categories: alphanumeric (letters and numbers) and non-alphanumeric (symbols)
punctuation, special symbols
➢ Field: Display area on the screen where the required information will be entered
➢ Temporary memory area that stores information (text or
images) copied using the cut or copy commands.
The information can be accessed from the clipboard using the paste command.
➢ Encryption: A process of coding information with the purpose of protecting it.
➢ Cursor: Graphic symbol (arrow, blinking square, dash, etc.) that represents
the place where the next information will be entered from the keyboard, or the position
the actual mouse
➢ Desktop: The workspace of the Windows operating system
➢ Download: Copying (downloading) information from a webpage
located in the network on the computer
➢ Device: A smart device that interacts with the user or through
the medium of an operating system (phone, tablet, ATM, system of
navigation... etc.. )
➢ Email: An electronic method of transmitting written information through
the internet medium using various programs called email clients
➢ Extension: combination of up to 3 letters attached to a file name,
separated from the file name by the character '.' which redefines the type
of the file
➢ File: Collections of data stored in the computer's memory identified by a
you name through an extension
➢ Folder: (File) The location created in memory to store a collection of
files organized in a tree structure
➢ Hard disk: A component of a computer, a set of magnetic disks that
we compose the external memory of the computer
➢ Hardware is the set of physical components that make up a computer.
➢ Internet: The global communication network using computers
➢ ISP: (Internet Service Provider) Internet service provider company
➢ Local area network
➢ Pixel: The smallest graphic unit on the monitor (dot). Number of horizontal pixels
x number of vertical pixels = monitor resolution
➢ Plug and play: Hardware equipment automatically recognized upon connection
of the operating system, without requiring user intervention
➢ Printscreen: A screen capture, an image copy of what is displayed on a
moment on the screen
➢ Network: A set of 2 or more interconnected computers.
through various methods (cable, radio waves, infrared, etc..)

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 ➢ Ribbon: Zone of programs developed by Microsoft (Word, Excel, Paint, etc..)
reserved for the icons of various commands
➢ Shortcut: The icon represents a quick command for
launching a program
➢ Software: this collection of programs (operating system and applications) that
run on the computer
➢ Spam: Email, sent most often by an automated program,
nedorit
➢ The English name for the internet (WWW = world wide web)

3.2. Starting the computer - Operating system initialization -

Overview of the Windows 7 operating system

A famous quote by Steve Wozniak, the co-founder of Apple, goes like this.
next: "never trust a computer you can't throw out a window", meaning do not trust
on a computer that you cannot throw out the window.
Following this very useful advice, smart device manufacturers do not release on
a product that does not have an on-off button, computers and laptops
fitting, of course, into this category. However, not always if we press on
the start/stop button of a device, it turns on and off. An unwritten rule is that
Any device turns off if we hold down the power button for a few seconds.
seconds. This procedure is called forced stop.
The operating principle of this operating system is based on a graphical system
called "Graphical User Interface", in which the user with
the help of a mouse, (or touchpad in the case of laptops), can give various commands
moving a cursor on the screen and clicking on the menus that open in the form of
windows (windows in English), from where the name of the operating system comes.
Therefore, there is no longer any need to introduce various complex commands from the keyboard.
as in the past, with other operating systems, the operating system thus becoming very
simple to use and accessible to the general public, not just for specialists.
The main graphic elements of the operating system are windows, icons.
the clogs.
Once the computer is started, the operating system loads into memory (this process
it lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes, depending on performance
(of the calculator). In the case of the Windows 7 operating system, a message is displayed on the monitor.
of 'welcome' after which the main window of the system appears. (Figure 2.2.1)

Figure 2.2.1

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 We observe two distinct areas: the main window that covers almost all
the screen defines the actual workspace, the Desktop, and the narrow zone at the bottom
the screen called Taskbar, where icons can be placed for
the rapid launch of various applications installed on the computer.

3.2.1 Desktop - Workspace

The desktop, called in Romanian the workspace, is the main window.
the operating system, the starting point from where we can run the installed applications or
perform any operation or command by which we instruct the computer to execute the tasks
primite.
Initially, even after the installation of the operating system, the desktop is empty, containing only
recycling bin pictogram
Each user can customize their workspace as they wish.
choosing from various graphic themes, backgrounds, screen savers, or existing icons.
This can be done by right-clicking on the item and selecting the command.
"Personalize" from the menu that appears (figure [Link]).

Figure [Link]

You can customize the display themes (Windows themes) by selecting your preferred theme.
from the 2 menus: Aero Themes or Basic and High Contrast Themes (figure [Link])

Figure [Link]

From the Desktop Background menu, we set the color of the desktop surface or
We can insert/set an image or photo as a background.
Various active objects of the open windows can be customized (font, color,
chestnut, etc..), from the Window Color menu (figure [Link]).

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 figure [Link]

In the Screen Saver menu, we set our preferred screen saver model.
(screensaver). The screensaver is a sequence of moving images that starts after
a predetermined period of inactivity on the computer. Recommended use for
old generation CRT monitors, or for LCD technology monitors, because
Static images left unchanged on the screen for long periods can damage the monitor.
Modern LED technology monitors are not affected by the presence or absence
screensaver
A useful function of the screensaver is to block with a login password.
the calculator, in case we need to leave the office for a period of time (the system
the operation must be password-protected in this case - securing the system
It will be discussed in more detail in another chapter throughout this course.
For the procedure to work correctly, we must ensure that in the menu
Screen Saver, the box 'On resume display, display logon screen' is checked (figure
[Link]).

figure [Link]

Windows 7 allows the installation and display on the desktop of various small programs.
helpful tools, called 'gadgets'. Right-clicking on the desktop and accessing the command
Gadgets, we enter the selection/installation menu for desktop gadgets (figure [Link]).

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 figure [Link]

If we want to change the order of alignment or display of icons on

on the desktop, we right-click on the desktop and access the View or Sort By commands.

3.2.2 Taskbar
It is called a taskbar, a horizontal command bar at the bottom of the desktop.
Unlike the desktop, which can be covered by open windows, the taskbar remains.
visible almost always.
We observe 3 areas in the composition of the taskbar: the start button on the left, the section
central (the actual bar), and the notification area on the right.

[Link]–Start Button
This is the main 'gate' to any program installed on the computer, saved file on
hard disk or setting/modification that we want to apply to the computer, and is located in
the left side of the taskbar. It also contains the menu from which we can restart
or to shut down the computer.
The menu is divided into 7 regions (figure [Link]):

Figure [Link]

✓ Search box – search bar. It is the area where we can enter a

word or a sequence of several keywords, and the computer searches

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 any reference (program or file) existing on the hard disk. It is the most
quick method to find any program or file whose location is not known
we know exactly in the computer's memory.

✓ The All Programs menu. This is the menu where we can access all programs.
install, whether they are pre-installed by the operating system or
subsequently installed by the user.

✓ Most frequently used program area. It is the area where the system of
operating places the program icons, the most recent mouse most often
use them to access them directly without the need to search for them.

✓ Fixed program area in the taskbar. It is the area where the system
operates places the icons of programs that have been pinned through the command
Pin to Start Menu.

✓ User profile customization area. Clicking on the image

From the user's login, we enter the profile customization menu.
user where various modifications can be made (e.g. change/set)
login password, change/set user profile picture, etc..)

✓ Useful program area. This is the area where the operating system places
the icons for accessing the most frequently used applications
the system, shortcuts to documents, images, the control panel, etc.

✓ Shut Down Button. Contains the command for shutting down.

of the calculator, Shut down, or by clicking the arrow next to Shut down,
we can access the commands for user switch, Switch user, exit from
profilul curent, Log off, blocare calculator cu parola, Lock, repornire,
Restart, put the computer in standby or hibernation, Sleep or
Hibernate.

[Link] – Main section of the activity bar

This central area of the bar contains the programs and files we leave.
open, or those that have been pinned to the taskbar by the pin to taskbar command, and which allows
fast switching between them.
If we open multiple programs or files simultaneously, the desktop will get cluttered.
rapid with multiple windows open, which often overlap each other or cover
the entire screen and it is difficult to see what else is underneath or to remember what
I have already opened.
To ease the task, the operating system is designed so that each
The program or file opened is placed on the taskbar in the form of an icon.
personalized.
We can easily see the content of any program or file open on the bar.
holding the mouse over the icon in the bar for a few moments (figure [Link]).

NEW NOVOTEK - Digital Competence - Course Support 22

 Figure [Link]

You can easily arrange the icons on the bar as we wish by clicking on
pictogram and dragging the pictogram to the desired place on the bar.
Any program can be permanently pinned to the bar using the command 'Pin to'
"taskbar", and also if we want to remove a pinned icon, we right-click and
Command 'Unpin this program from taskbar'.
You can customize the taskbar by right-clicking anywhere on the bar and
command properties
If we want, we can change the position of the activity bar, we click on the bar and it
drag on any of the sides of the screen.

[Link]. Notification Zone - Tray bar

This is the section where the operating system displays the program icons.
are running at that moment, and are set to appear in the tray bar. These icons
(calendar, hour, sound, network, antivirus, etc..) allow access to various settings of
the respective programs.
To avoid overcrowding the icon bar, only a few are displayed, the rest
can be accessed by clicking the opening box. (figure [Link])

Figure [Link]

3.3 Using the Windows 7 Operating System - Operations and Commands

As we can determine from its very name, (Window = Window in the language.
engleză), principiul de funcționare al sistemului de operare Windows 7 se bazeazăpe
working with rectangular graphical frames called windows.

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 User interaction within the Windows 7 operating system is
achieve by associating a star the opening of any program, application or
When we launch a program or open a folder, it opens on the desktop.
a window in which the program is running or the content of the accessed folder is displayed.

3.3.1 Operations with windows

To easily distinguish a program open on the desktop by its visual appearance.
de altul, creatorii de programe își personalizează fiecare conținutulferestrelor. Cu toate
these, each window has a few common elements imposed by the system
operate (figure [Link]):

Figure [Link]

Bara de titlu:Afi ș ează numele documentului ș i al programului (saunumele

the folder, if we are working in a folder.
Minimize, Maximize, and Close buttons: These buttons hide
I maximize the window to cover the entire screen and then close it respectively.
Menu bar: Contains the specific menus for the program that runs in
window. It varies from one program to another.
Scroll bars: It allows you to move the contents of the window horizontally or vertically.
to see information that is currently outside the visible area.
Edges and corners. These can be slid with the mouse pointer to modify.
the size of the window.
We present to you the following commands/operations applicable to windows:

✓ Moving a window: it is done by dragging the title bar with the mouse.
the direction in which we want to move the window. A peculiarity of the system of
operating Windows 7, to make it easier for us to work with 2 windows simultaneously, is
by dragging the window to the edge of the screen, the window is
dimensioned so as to take up exactly half of the screen. By dragging another

NEW NOVOTEK - Digital Competence - Course support 24

 window at the opposite edge, we will have the screen divided into 2 equal windows
(figure [Link]):

Figure [Link]

✓ Changing the size of a window: It is done by dragging with the mouse.

from the window sills.
✓ Switching between windows: It can be done in several ways, either by using
activity bar, either using the Alt+Tab key combination, or (touch
Windows) + Tab, then selecting with the mouse the title bar of the desired window.

3.3.2 Operations with folders and files

One of the most important roles of the computer is to store in a way
sort and organize the information I have loaded into memory, whether they are photos, music,
movies, useful working files, etc.. .
It depends on each individual user how they want to organize their useful information.
on the computer, so that they can have them at hand according to priorities.
In this subsection, we will present some of the commands that the system allows us.
to operate Windows 7, to apply to folders and files stored on the hard disk, with the purpose
to perform the desired operations with them.

✓ Placing an icon on the desktop or in the taskbar:

It can be done in several ways, by dragging the folder icon or the
file on desktop or in the folder, either by right-clicking on the folder or file and selecting from
the 'Send to' menu command 'Desktop' to place it on the desktop or the command 'Pin to
Taskbar" to pin it to the bar. The Pin to Taskbar command is activated only in case of
files that launch a certain program.

✓ Copying/moving a folder or file from one location to another:

It is executed either by dragging with the mouse from the high window, or right-clicking on
the selected item/items and the copy command (CTRL+C) for copying or cutting
(CTRL+X) to move, from the menu and then paste (CTRL+V) in the location where you want
we arrange the selected objects.
Increased attention must be paid when dragging an object with the mouse out of a
window in another, because if both the source and destination folder are on the same partition of
hard disk, then the selected items will be moved instead of copied. However, if we still want
copying through this method we must hold down the CTRL key for the operation to
executed correctly.

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 ✓ Deleting a folder or file:
It is executed by selecting the object to be deleted and pressing the DEL key.
keyboard, or by right-clicking on the object and selecting the Delete command from the menu.
The deleted folder or file moves to the recycle bin, and if we want to permanently remove it
In the computer's memory, we right-click on the recycle bin and select the command.
Empty Recycle Bin. It is also possible to permanently delete a
A file or folder can be removed using the combination SHIFT + DEL. However, be especially cautious with this.
command, because if we accidentally delete something, it remains deleted
definitively without the possibility of being recovered from the recycling bin.

✓ Renaming a file or folder:

It can be executed either by right-clicking on the selected object and selecting the Rename command.
(Rename), press the F2 key. When naming a folder or file, it is essential to consider
the limit of 256 characters used for the file name (including the path to the file
hard disk). It is also recommended to avoid using diacritics in the naming of a
file or folder, as there are programs that cannot manage them. Also,
the Windows 7 operating system does not allow the use of in the naming of folders or files,
the following characters: | , \ , / , : , ” , < , > , * and ?

✓ Special operations and commands:

În funcție de programele și aplicațiile instalate pe calculator dând clic dreapta pe un

folder or file, in the command menu there are sections with specific commands such as:
Adding to an archive, scanning with antivirus program, etc.. .

3.3.3 Use of predefined applications of the operating system

Previous versions of the Windows operating system, and the version that
the subject of our study in this course comes with a pre-installed set of simple applications and
useful, which come to assist the user in fulfilling various tasks
issues that need to be addressed. Let's review some of them in the following.

[Link] Notepad and Wordpad

If we need to open, edit or print a simple text, we can use the following
two pre-installed system applications called Notepad and Wordpad.
Both applications can be launched from the accessories folder of the start menu.
[Link].1.)

Figure [Link].1

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 Notepad is a simple text editor that allows us to edit or create.
texts that contain only characters. The program contains a menu bar with a few commands
simple
✓ File Menu: Contains commands for opening a new text file
(NEW), opening an existing text file in memory (OPEN), saving in
memory of the current project (SAVE and SAVE AS), setting size,
margins, orientation, header and footer page document (figure [Link].2).

Figure [Link].2

✓ Edit Menu: Allows operations and modifications to the entered text. Copy
(COPY), decupare (CUT), lipire (PASTE) text din clipboard,găsire cuvânt
or word replacement in the document (FIND)
combination of words with others in the document (REPLACE). A command
Interesting and useful from this menu is TIME/DATE, which allows for insertion
current date and time in the document (figure [Link].3).

Figure [Link].3

✓ Menu Format: Consists of two commands, WORD WRAP which allows

align the text according to the window size if it is active, and the command
FORMAT, which allows character-level settings (size, font type,
inclination, bolding, etc.) of a selection of text from the document.

A more complex text that contains images or other graphic elements, tables, etc.
it can be opened with the Wordpad application. Considering that we will study in detail
the Microsoft Word 2010 text editor, later during this course, we will go through
after studying the Word Pad application, as there are similarities between the two programs, with
the observation that Word 2010 is much more complex than Word Pad.

NEW NOVOTEK - Digital Competence - Course Support 27

[Link] The Paint Application

It is a very useful application in case we want to visualize and apply a few

simple modifications to an image (for example, a photograph).
The application is launched from the accessories folder of the Start menu – All Programs
(figure [Link].1). Optionally, it can be pinned to the desktop or taskbar for a
faster access.

Figure [Link].1

The program's design follows modern trends regarding usage

a bar called ribbon, on which various icons of the commands are placed
the usual ones of the program.
Once launched, we distinguish several distinct areas in the program:

✓ Paint button: in the top left corner of the window, where we have the commands
applicable to the document as a whole, namely: create new image (NEW),
open existing image (OPEN), save image in memory (SAVE)
SAVE AS), print image (PRINT), import image from a scanner or
camera (FROM SCANNER OR CAMERA), image setting background of
desktop, (SET AS DESKTOP BACKGROUND), PROPERTIES where
we can set the image size in pixels, ABOUT PAINT, the command that
it shows the current program version and the command to exit the program
EXIT. We observe that if we keep the mouse over any of the
commands, a helper window appears that briefly describes what can be done
execute with the respective command (figure [Link].2).

Figure [Link].2

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 ✓ Quick Access Toolbar: It is located in the corner of the
top left of the window right above the Paint button, and it is the bar that
You can arrange the most common orders to find them faster.

✓ Menu bar: Contains two tabs, HOME and VIEW

✓ The ribbon corresponding to the two tabs above contains a set of each.
commands with which we can create a new image or modify one
an existence (figure [Link].3). Just like in the previous menu, if we hold
a few seconds over any of the command icons, a
short description of what the respective command executes.

Figure [Link].3

[Link] Calculator Application

The calculator can be accessed by following the path: Start Menu -> Accessories -> Calculator
(figure [Link].1), and it is a simple pocket calculator application created with the purpose of
perform simple arithmetic calculations (and not only).

Figure [Link].1

The calculator has 4 main modes (the various modes are selected from the menu
VIEW):

✓ Standard module: this is the default module selected when the application starts and allows
arithmetic calculations, similar to those we find on any pocket calculator.
NEW NOVOTEK - Digital Competence - Course Support 29
 We enter the calculations either by clicking with the mouse on the numbers on the buttons.
graphics from the application window or from the keyboard. Just like on a computer
from pocket, digits/numbers are introduced in turn, followed by the arithmetic operator,
enter the second number, etc.., after which, to obtain the result, we press
press ENTER or click the "=" button in the window.

✓ Scientific module: This mode is intended for those who are used to doing
complex mathematical operations. It contains some useful functions for example
trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, etc.

✓ Module for programming: It gives us the ability to perform operations in

differentbase(binary, octal, hexadecimal, decimal). We can convert values into
base in another.
✓ Module for statistics: Contains functions of statistical mathematics. You have
the possibility to use functions such as Sum of numbers or sum of values
squared numbers to perform statistical calculations.

3.4 Windows 7 Operating System Settings - Control Panel

The control panel is the section of the operating system that

where all settings and customizations of both the system and the...
Installed programs and applications.
Being an important and very commonly used section of the operating system, it was
constantly improved with each version of Windows that has appeared over time
of time, optimization being done with the aim of easing user access to various
settings that need to be made.
We can access the control panel from the Start menu (figure 3.4.1),

Figure 3.4.1

by directly entering in the search box the section from the control panel that we want
to make changes (figure 3.4.2).

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 Figure 3.4.2

We distinguish 8 groups of settings in the main window of the control panel, each with
the predefined subcategories, which in turn contain the commands for any type of modifications
applicable to the operating system (figure 3.4.3).

Figure 3.4.3

If we want and are more familiar with the look from older versions of
In the control panel of Windows, the viewing mode can be changed by selecting Small Icons or
Large Icons in the View By box in the top right corner of the control panel window
To access the settings we want to apply, we need to navigate to
categoria și mai apoi la subcategoria unde este așezată comanda dorită.
The easiest and fastest way to find the desired command is to use
search box in the upper right corner of the control panel. You just need to
we introduce in the box the name of the setting we are looking for, and the operating system will
filter the list and show us only that/those subcategories related to the search setting.
Increased attention must be given to any modifications we apply.
of the operating system because any change can have undesired effects if not
apply correctly.
Let's briefly review the 8 groups of the panel that follows.
control
✓ System and Security: This is the section where we find commands related to
Settings regarding the operation, update, and security of the system
to operate.
✓ Network and Internet: Here we find the settings related to configuration
networked computer, network sharing of information, how to
computer behavior when opening the Internet Explorer browser.

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 ✓ Hardware and Sound: This is the section that contains settings related to
peripheral devices connected to the computer (printers, monitors,
scanners, memory units, etc.), system-related settings regarding the
sounding, settings of the computer's behavior mode at
connecting various devices.
✓ Programs: Do not send us to the window where we can view and modify.
(uninstall or repair for example), the programs and applications installed in
calculator. Most often to uninstall an installed program from
we no longer need, it is not enough to delete the folder that contains
the program, but it is necessary to uninstall it.
✓ User Accounts and Family Safety: Here we can create other user accounts
for the operating system, set an access password for the current account or
old accounts, set the account type (administrator or user) for the accounts
existing.
✓ Appearance and Personalization: This is the section where we can customize
according to preference the appearance of the desktop, folders, windows, etc.. .
We can choose from different display themes, or we can download others.
if we want, or various operations related to the fonts can be performed
characters used by the system.
✓ Clock Region And Language: Here we can set the exact time and date.
install additional keyboards in languages other than the one pre-installed by the system,
(e.g. Romanian), or we can apply the settings characteristic of the region where we
assume that the computer is working. (For example Romania in the case of
ours, with Romanian units of measurement for time, distance, currency
etc..).
✓ Ease of access: This section is reserved for modifications intended to help
persons with disabilities.

We conclude the chapter regarding the Windows 7 operating system with a few combinations
useful to taste, intended to facilitate the entry of orders, so that we can use
the calculator in the fastest and most efficient way:

Key combination Action

General keyboard shortcuts
F1 Display Help
Ctrl+C (or Ctrl+Insert) Copying the selected element
Ctrl+X Cutting the selected element
Ctrl+V (or Shift+Insert) Pasting the selected element
Ctrl+Z Cancellation of an action
Ctrl+Y The restoration of an action
Delete (or Ctrl+D) Deleting the selected item and moving it to the Recycle Bin.
Shift+Delete Deleting the selected item without first moving it to the Recycle Bin.
F2 Renaming the selected element.
Ctrl+Right Arrow Moving the cursor to the beginning of the next word
Ctrl+Left Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
Ctrl+Down Arrow Moving the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
Ctrl+Up Arrow Moving the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
Ctrl+Shift with an arrow key Selecting a block of text.
Selecting multiple items from the window or from the desktop or selecting the text from the
Shift with any arrow key
a document
CTRL + arrow + space Selecting multiple individual items from a window or from the desktop
Ctrl+A Selecting all elements in a document or window
F3 Searching for a file or folder
Alt+Enter Displaying the properties of the selected element
Alt+F4 Closing the active element or exiting the active program
Alt+Space bar Opening the shortcut menu for the active window

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Ctrl+F4 Closing the active document (in programs that allow multiple documents to be opened simultaneously)
Alt+Tab Switching between open elements
Ctrl+Alt+Tab Using the arrow keys to switch between open elements
Ctrl+Scroll mouse Changing the size of the icons on the desktop
(Windows Button) + Tab Deplasarea între programele de pe bara de activități utilizând Răsturnare Aero 3-D
Use the arrow keys to navigate between the programs on the taskbar using
Ctrl+ +Tab
Aero 3-D Flip
Alt+Esc Switching between elements, in the order in which they were opened.
F6 Moving between screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F4 Displaying the list from the Address bar in Windows Explorer
Shift+F10 Displaying the shortcut menu for the selected item
Ctrl+Esc Opening the Start menu
Alt+underlined letter Display of the corresponding menu
Alt+underlined letter Placing an order from the menu (or another underlined order)
F10 Activating the menu bar in the active program
Arrow to the right Opening the following submenu on the right or a submenu
Arrow to the left Opening the next menu on the left or closing a submenu
F5 (or Ctrl+R) Refreshing the active window
Alt+Up Arrow Viewing the folder one level up in Windows Explorer
Esc Cancellation of current activity
Ctrl+Shift+Esc Opening of the Activity Manager
Shift the introduction of a CD Preventing automatic playback of the CD
Alt stânga+Shift Switch the keyboard language when multiple keyboard languages are activated
Ctrl+Shift Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are activated
Left or right Ctrl + Shift Change the reading direction of the text in languages that are read from right to left.
Commands related to dialog boxes
Ctrl+Tab Move forward through the pages
Ctrl+Shift+Tab Turn back among the pages
Tab Move forward among options
Shift+Tab Move back among options
Alt+underlined letter The execution of the order (or the selection of the option) that accompanies the letter
Enter Replace mouse click for many selected commands
Space bar Checking or unchecking the checkbox if the active option is a checkbox
Taste arrows Selecting a button if the active option is a group of option buttons
F1 Display Help
F4 Displaying elements from the active list
Backspace Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the dialog box
Save as or Open
Commands that use the Windows logo
Opening or closing the Start menu.
+ Pause Display the System Properties dialog box.
+D Desktop display.
+M Minimizing all windows.
+ Shift + M Restore minimized windows on the desktop.
+E Opening the Computer folder.
+F Searching for a file or folder.
Ctrl + + F Searching for computers (if you are on a network).
+L Locking the computer or switching between users.
+R Opening the Execute dialog box.
+T Switching between programs on the taskbar.
Launching the program set in the toolbar, in the position indicated by number. If the program
+ number
it is already running, switch to that program.
The launch of a new instance of the program set in the toolbar, in the position indicated by
Shift + +number
number.
Switching to the last active window of the pinned program in the taskbar, in the indicated position.
Ctrl+ +number
of number.
Opening the quick list for the scheduled program in the position indicated by
Alt+ +number
number.
+ Tab Switching between programs on the taskbar using Aero Flip 3-D
Using the arrow keys to navigate between programs on the taskbar using
Ctrl + + Tab
Aero 3-D Flip.
Ctrl+ +B Switching to the program that displayed a message in the notification area.
Space bar Desktop examination.
+ Arrow up Maximize the window.
+ left arrow Maximizing the window on the left side of the screen.
right arrow Maximizing the window on the right side of the screen.
+ down arrow Minimize the window.
+ Home Minimizing all windows except the active one.
+ Shift + arrow up Widening the window at the top and bottom of the screen.
+ Shift + left arrow or
Moving a window from one screen to another.
right arrow
+P Choosing a display mode for presentations (connecting a projector)

NEW NOVOTEK - Digital Competence - Course Support 33

 +G Transfer between gadgets.
+U Opening of the Accessibility Center.
+X Opening the Windows Mobility Center.
Commands related to Windows Explorer
Ctrl+N Opening a new window
Ctrl+W Closing the current window
Ctrl+Shift+N Creating a new folder
End Displaying the bottom part of the active window
Home Displaying the upper part of the active window
F11 Maximizing or minimizing the active window
CTRL+punct (.) Rotating an image clockwise
CTRL+comma (,) Rotating an image counterclockwise
Num Lock + Asterisk (*) on the keyboard
Displaying all subfolders under the selected folder
numerical
Num Lock + Plus sign (+) on
Displaying the contents of the selected folder
numeric keypad
Num Lock + Minus sign (-) on
Collapse the selected folder.
numeric keyboard
Arrow to the left Restricting the current selection (if it is extended) or selecting the parent folder
Alt+Enter Opening the Properties dialog box for the selected item
Alt+P Display of the examination panel
Alt+Left Arrow Viewing the previous folder
Backspace Viewing the previous folder
Arrow to the right Displaying the current selection (if it is restricted) or selecting the first subfolder
Alt+Right Arrow Viewing the following folder
Alt+Up Arrow Viewing the parent folder
Ctrl+Shift+E Displaying all folders above the selected folder
Ctrl+Scroll mouse Modify the size and appearance of file and folder icons.
Alt+D Address bar selection
Ctrl+E Selecting the search box
Ctrl+F Selecting the search box
Ctrl+N Opening a new window
Ctrl+W Closing the current window
Ctrl+Shift+N Creating a new folder
End Displaying the bottom part of the active window
Commands related to the taskbar
Shift+click button on the bar Opening a program or quickly opening another instance of a program
Ctrl+Shift+click button on the bar Opening a program as administrator
Shift+right click button on the bar Displaying the program window menu
Shift+right click on grouped button
Displaying the group window menu
from the activity bar
Ctrl+ right click on the grouped button
Going through the group's windows
from the activities bar

Accessibility category
Shift right for eight
Activate/Deactivate Filter Buttons
seconds
All your left+Shift from
Enable or disable high contrast
left+PrtScn (or PrtScn)
Left Alt+Left Shift+Num Lock Activate and deactivate mouse buttons
Shift five times Enable and disable adhesive keys
Num Lock for five seconds Activate / Deactivate Toggle Switch
Commands related to Magnifier (Scroll)
+ Plus sign (+) or Sign
Increase or decrease
minus (-)
Ctrl+Alt+Space bar Examining the desktop in full-screen mode
Ctrl+Alt+F Switching to full screen mode
Ctrl+Alt+L Switching to lens mode
Ctrl+Alt+D Switching to the Andocat mode
Ctrl+Alt+I Invert colors
Ctrl+Alt+arrow key Move in the direction of the arrow keys
Ctrl+Alt+R Resizing the lenses
+ Esc Exit from the Loop

NEW NOVOTEK - Digital Competence - Course Support 34

 Chapter 4 - THE INTERNET AND WEB PAGES

INTERNET DEFINITION
The term Internet originates from the artificial and partial combination of two words.
English: interconnected= interconectat ș inetwork= reț ea.
The internet signifies anetworkglobal unitary ofcomputersand other devices with addresses
computerized, interconnected according to communication protocols (rules)
"Transmission Control Protocol" and "Internet Protocol", collectively referred to as "the stack"TCP/IP”.
The precursor of the Internet dates back to1965, when the Research Projects Agency
Advanced by the Ministry of Defense, Department of Defense or DoD fromUSA
Defence Advanced Research Projects AgencyDARPA) the first network of
interconnected computers under the namethe ARPAnet.
The Internet network of today resulted from the continuous expansion of this network.
initial Arpanet. Today, there is a single Internet globally, which is vast; it offers
its users a multitude of information and services such ase-mailwww, FTPHosting
web(web hosting) and many others, some of which are only available for a fee.
The term "Internet" should not be confused with internet [Link] Wide Web(www)
This is just one of the many services offered on the Internet.
The internet is based on very detailed technical specifications, such as on so-
called "communication protocols," which describe all the rules and protocols of
data transmission in this network.
The protocolsfundamentals of the Internet that ensure interoperability between any
two computers or smart devices that implement them areInternet Protocol
(IP), Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) andUser Datagram Protocol(UDP).
These three protocols represent only a part of the basic level of the system of
Internet protocols, which also include control and application protocols, such asfi: DNS,
PPP,SLIPICMPPOP3IMAPSMTPHTTP, HTTPSSSHTelnet,FTPLDAP,SSL,
WAPandSIP.

Some terms related to 'Internet':

• intranet: a private network operating under the same principles as the Internet, but
with restricted access - for example, the intranet or intranets of a company
particular, which only company employees have access to.
• extranet: a specific intranet of a company, to which however they have access (at least
partially) and certain individuals or external groups, from other companies, such as
from the supplying firms or client firms.

METHODS OF CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET

Connecting to the Internet can be done in many ways: via phone line, via
high-speed cable, via DSL connections, via satellite, via TV, via local networks (LAN),
on the mobile phone etc. The speed of connection is the true reference to anything
Internet connection: the faster the connection, the better it is.
The most common connection option is to find an ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Provider) or an online service.
The actual connection can be made through:

NEW NOVOTEK - Digital Competence - Course Support 35

 ➢ traditional modem
➢ special cable modem (allows the use of coaxial television cable; speed
increases compared to the classic connection by 10 to 100 times);
➢ DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) connections;
➢ special modem ISBN (Integrated Services Digital Network);
➢ Wireless connection (wireless)
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) represents a connection to the Internet via telephone line
and through a modem of 9600 bps or higher. At these speeds, packets can be transmitted
the program in both directions.
Point to Point Protocol (PPP) Represents a connection to the Internet via telephone line and
This is a more secure connection than SLIP because it checks twice that
The Internet packets have arrived without errors. The packets containing information are being retransmitted.
Direct connection Powerful computers or local area networks (LAN) can
connect directly to the Internet. When a local area network of computers is connected to
Internet, all computers in the respective network have full access to the Internet.
Conectarea prin cablul TVInternet-ul poate fi accesat prin sisteme de cablu TV, utilizând
TV coaxial cable. A special modem must be used for this type of cable. The speeds of
transmission, using this connection, is 20 to 100 times greater than in
the case of using a conventional modem.
Connecting using DSL and ISDN linesSpecial digital telephone connections (DSL) are
I use for accessing the Internet at very high speeds. For this type of connection
a dedicated modem is also necessary. ISDN lines provide connections with speeds
ranging between 64 kbps and 128 kbps and also require a specialized modem
for this type of connection.
Wireless access This type of connection can be made either to a LAN or
through a mobile phone or a palmtop.
Online services Calling on an online service provided by an enterprise dedicated to this type
The service allows the full use of all Internet resources at maximum capacity.

[Link] APPLICATIONS
The Internet applications are numerous: displaying information more or less
static in the form of text, images, and sounds (so-called web pages), email e-
mail, file transfer of data and information, chat, video and video on demand, telephony and
video calling via the Internet, Internet television, e-commerce, opinion polls,
medium for spreading news, medium for all genres of graphics and music,
opening a remote working session, discussion groups on predetermined topics,
interactive games through the network, banking operations (Internet banking) and many, many more.
Among them,World Wide Web, shortened as WWW, often referred to simply as 'web', is at the position of
peak, because it is a multimedia and integrative application, with a user interface
very visually appealing, practical and
easy to use. The WWW was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993.

To use all web applications, you need browser programs. The programs
Internet browsers are called browsers.

Unbrowser (explorator) is a software product that provides an interface between the user and
the web server on the Internet.

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Example:
• Internet Explorer
• Mozzila
• Opera
• Chrome

CLASSIFICATION AND USE OF ADDRESSING MODE ON THE INTERNET

• Internet address - page addresses
• Email address
• Browsers (general interface elements and their use) - applications

Internet address - page addresses

The IP address (Internet Protocol) consists of the network address and the computer address which
receive the message.
To locate a resource on the Internet, we need to specify where the resource is located.
respective.
Every existing resource on the Internet has its own identification address called URL.
(Uniform Resource Locator) şi poate fi privit ca o extindere a noţiunii de specificator de
[Link] does not contain spaces.
An absolute specified URL has the syntax:
protocol://domain/path/[Link]
• protocol - represents the protocol used for file transfer and can be:
http indicates that the file is a Web page;
news - indicates an article from a news group;
•ftp - indicates a file that can be transferred from an FTP server;
• file - indicates a local file.
• domain - represents the name of the computer on which the file is stored, having
the same syntax as in the case of email addresses.
• cale - represents the succession of directories from the root directory to the
the directory in which the file is stored. As a separator between two consecutive directories
the character “/” is used.
• [Link] – represents the name of the file and the associated extension.

Email addresses
Every person who participates in the exchange of messages via electronic mail has a mailbox
mail on the server computer, identified by a unique address.
The mailbox is a file in which received messages are stored. There is a box
system mailbox that is created on the host computer and mailboxes
personnel that are created on their own computer.
The exact address of an Internet user has the structure:
username@domain
where the username represents the user's login name, and
the domain specifies the server on which the unique username account exists.
The management of postal messages is done through various types of mailboxes.
personale:Inbox(pentru mesajele primite);Outbox(pentru mesajele expediate) siTrash
(for deleted messages), for saved messages, for copied messages, etc.

Utilization of information search capabilities

A search engine is a program that automatically accesses the Internet and
frequently and which stores the title, keywords, and partially even the content of web pages in a

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database. When a user calls upon a search engine to
find a certain phrase or word, the search engine will look in this database and
Based on certain priority criteria, it will create and display a list of results.
The most used search engines are:
• Google
• Yahoo!
• Microsoft Bing

4.2 WEB PAGES

The internet, approached from a technological perspective, has major implications for the environment.
socio-economic, especially regarding companies and institutions, through structural transformations,
behaviors and management practices it imposes. The environment created by the Internet, www,
wireless and mobile knowledge offers the opportunity for integration into a single infrastructure of
elements that characterize the main tools of communication, management and
marketing. The virtual space represents a way for small companies to
develop and can generate major competitive advantages in the fierce competitive struggle
the global market.
At first glance, it could be said that the presence of economic agents in the global network,
what the Internet is, it is a trend. However, regardless of the form it takes (website of
presentation, online sales site, Extranet for business partners etc.) presence on
the virtual market of companies is an efficient and easy way of communicating with clients
(potential clients) and business partners.
The decision to penetrate the virtual market must be made when companies are ready.
for this reason, as a web page is a good way to inform both
for the seller, as well as for the buyer. They can quickly get information about the offer.
the seller by simply accessing the page. The site also serves as a "reference point" for
consumers because many people browse the Internet to seek information
about companies, products, and their prices. Thus, Internet users when they find
a site with a complete offer, structured, interactive and with means of expression (words,
the respective site becomes a reference point for other searches. So the site
represents an effective way of communicating with clients.

THE CONCEPT AND LAUNCH OF A WEBSITE for a company can have the following objectives
presentation and strengthening of the company's identity image;
increasing the prestige of the company's brands;
promotion of the company's products and services;
sales presentation;
demonstrations;
marketing
• financial reporting etc..
The success of a website is determined by its quality, the ordering system, access
easy information and the quality of the photographs. In general, the criteria used for characterization
the quality of a site being: navigability (ease of authentication, functionality of the menu,
the positioning within the site), the design (homepage, attention capture methods
visitor), informational content (information structure, help area, page of
contact), personalized criteria (ease of implementation, combining security with navigability,
ease of accessing the demo account, help provided in case of loss/theft of data
authentication, information regarding the costs incurred by the client.

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The site represents an important marketing tool (selling, promotion,
research, public relations, direct marketing). Thus, if the site offers the possibility
the marketing of products, then the role of the website as a sales tool is evident. At
the registration of customers in the virtual store must request their permission to
send messages with the company's offers and promotions. In this way, the website becomes a tool
powerful promotion. Moreover, the site represents a promotional tool
powerful for different companies through the placement of advertising banners. The value of
The marketing of the advertising banner was researched with the emergence of the first web page.
specialized literature exists the acceptance that attitudes based on emotions can be
most influenced by emotional advertisements, when the consumer shows a
low involvement regarding the product, as the purchase risks are small (Dătculescu,
2006). The site can be considered an advertising tool as long as it is
quality, with appropriate content and structure, taking into account the level of development of
infrastructure for e-commerce. In fact, transforming a website into a
A strong marketing instrument starts with the proper establishment of keywords and/or
key phrases.
An economic agent who develops a business on the Internet, selling products to customers
The order database could generate statistics on the most sought-after products, periods
in which the trends of buyers are requested, the characteristics of buyers and obviously,
the value of transactions made by each individual client. Moreover,
the information provided by each site about the products, identity, values, culture, and mission
Companies represent sources for conducting various market studies for market partners.
Which means that the site is also an important tool for market research.
The website represents an important strategic communication tool for marketing in the online environment.
because through individualization and interactivity it allows for business development and achieving
high performance, due to: attracting customers, customer loyalty, increasing demand
posting advertising banners etc..
The success of a website is determined by traffic, by the feedback of visitors and employees who use it.
the applications developed by that site.
The foundation of development strategies that have the web as a basic component is
much easier and more convenient for companies that operate only in the market
virtual, as it does not require any special effort. However, this process is much
it is more difficult for companies that have developed their business secondarily online or for
those that only have a company presentation page. For these companies, the elaboration
the development strategy in the virtual market requires an integrative approach to the strategy
global to the company, considering that the development strategy in the virtual market must be
compatible and complementary with that developed for the activity carried out in the environment
physical. Thus, behind every online advertising campaign there must also be a
marketing campaign, which should develop the advertising campaign and capitalize on the results
acesteia.

REQUIREMENTS FOR HAVING A WEBSITE

• Web hosting content (or findrejection
• Domain
• Website
• The possibility of administration

Web hosting, or hosting: the website is stored on a specialized server

called Web server, which allows users to access the information of the site. Companies of
The ISP (Internet Service Provider) also offers Web services.

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hosting. Web hosting refers to storing a website's files on a web server.
the framework of the Internet. The server can be located anywhere in the world. In the case of a Web account
hosting is important to know in advance what facilities are necessary: if the website
needsPHP, MySQL database,SSL security certificate,etc. All of these
The web hosting company offers them. There are also free web hosting offers, which are useful.
for small websites, or those that do not require special facilities. However, in
In general, these offers impose the use of a certaindomain name, what reflects
the name of the bidding company and not the name of the one who wants to publish the website.
Domain: the domain name uniquely identifies the website so that it can be
accessed within the WWW service. The domain name provides information about
the respective origin country, the content or the name of the company/person.
the Web service and the protocol used have a well-established format:
protocol_communication://internet_service.[Link].

Example: [Link]

The above name refers to the website (www indicates the web service) of the company.
Alfabetagamma (name chosen for the domain name) from Romania
(terminaţ[Link]). The protocol used is http.
The domain name is chosen by the website owner and can be anything, only that it must be
unique worldwide. In general, the domain name should provide an indication
on the identity of the legal or natural person holding the domain, or on the
of the services or products offered.
Website: the website needs to be built.
Website management: after publishing, the site is accessible on the WWW. However
the information on the website may change over time, therefore a method is needed through which
its pages can be easily updated by the website owner, without calling upon
I'm now a web designer.

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 Capitolul 5 - Word si Excel

CREATING DIAGRAMS IN WORD AND EXCEL.

5.1. MICROSOFT OFFICE PROGRAM

INTRODUCTION
Microsoft Office is a suite of applications (programs) that allows us various
uses:
• WORD= word processor. It is an application for processing texts and arranging them.
in printed form: brochure, leaflet, book, etc.
• EXCEL = for managing spreadsheets. it allows data processing.
organize in the form of tables (calculation sheets) and display in the form of diagrams of
data from the table.
• POWER POINT = graphics application (slides) for creating presentations on
calculator, I can replace or complete an oral presentation of information.
• ACCESS=the database management system.. allows data management
organized in the form of databases.
• MICROSOFT OUTLOOK= permite organizarea corespondentei si planificarea
activities.
• PUBLISHER = pentru crearea publicatiilor speciale, cum ar fi brosuri, foi
flyers (brochures) and business cards.

HISTORICAL
There are several versions of MS Office, the first being versions: 4.0, 4.3, 97, 2000, XP.
2003, 2007, 2013 the most current being MS Office 2016.

5.2. MICROSOFT WORD - text editor

It is an efficient and fully equipped word processor that provides us with all
the tools necessary to create documents of various types: from documents
simple (notes and sketches), up to complex documents (newsletters, HTML pages)
for the Internet).
The extension associated with files managed by the Word application is .doc.
To launch the Word program, we need to follow a few steps:
1) On the Windows XP work surface, we click on Start, All Programs.
2) click on the Word icon. The Word application window is displayed.

WORD PROCESSOR MENU

The menus of the Word text processor are:
▪ File = continue options for working with document files (doc.) or templates for
documents created and updated by Word;
▪ Edit= optiuni pentru operatii de editare( de modificare a documentelor);

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 ▪ View= continue options to set the display mode of the document and
configure the application window;
▪ Insert = continue options [for inserting the active document, at the cursor position, of
of different entities;
From the Insert menu, we can insert charts. The Word processor calls the application
Excel for creating diagrams, which is why we will develop this option in
Excel application framework.
▪ Format= contine optiuni pentru formatarea textelor si a obiectelor -Tools= contine
options for document maintenance; inserted in the text;
▪ Table contains options for managing tables inserted in the document;
▪ Windows = contains options for organizing the application's document windows.

FILE MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

New Open a new document or a template Ctrl+N

Open Open a previously created document or a template Ctrl+O

Close Close all windows of the active document Ctrl+W

Save Save the changes made in the document, saving Ctrl + S
implicit
Save As Save the new version of the document under a different F 12
name, in another format (compatible with the previous version),
or in another location
Versions Manage the versions of a document
Page Setup Allows the selection of parameter values that determine:
the layout on the page for the selected sections: portrait
(portrait) or view(landscape),
paper format (A5, A4, B5, Letter, Legal)
[Link].#10, 4x6, 5x7, Custom size.)
the margins of the document (left-right-top alignment
yes)
Print Preview Previewing the printed document before Ctrl+ F12
print (Toggle option).
Print Print the document to the printer Ctrl+P
Send To Open a submenu from which we can choose
the recipient to whom the active document can be sent
using email.
Properties Display information about the file that contains
active document page, character number, last date
modifications, date of last access
List of Display a list of the last opened documents (4-9).
documents We can quickly open a document from the list by executing
click on his name.
Exit Close the Word application and it asks us to confirm saving Alt + F4
written documents.

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EDIT MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Undo Undo the last editing action in the text. Ctrl +Z

Redo-Repeat Repeat the last correction action in the text Ctrl+Y
Cut Move the selected object from the source area to the clipboard Ctrl+X

Copy Create a copy of the selected object in Clipboard Ctrl+C

source zone
Paste Transfer the Clipboard content to the destination area Ctrl+V
selected (where the cursor is)
Paste Allows the choice of how it will be inserted into
Special... Document the object: by encapsulation or pr in binding.
Clear Delete the selected document area. Delete
Select All Select the entire document Ctrl +A
Find... Search the document for a text or a formatting style Ctrl+F
Replace... Search the document for a text or a formatting style and it Ctrl+H
replace with the text, respectively the type of formatting
specified.
Go To... Move the insertion cursor in the document to the position Ctrl+G
specify (page, section, line, markings of
document etc.).
Links... Allow updating of links in the document
(adding new links, deleting some links,
changing related objects, changing the path to which it
link has been added.)
Object Activate the selected object by launching it for execution.
the application with which it was created. The application will load in
his working window the selected object in the document.
The option is not available if a has not been selected.
object.

VIEW MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Normal These options form a group of radio buttons by Alt+Ctrl+N
the viewing mode is set: -normal mode;
-recommended when we quickly write the text in the first form and
We are still concerned about how it looks written on paper (printed);
Online Layout -direct placement module- texts and objects from are displayed
document; the formatting is no longer retained
paragraphs
recommended only for reading the document.
Page Layout -layout module=display all elements Alt+Ctrl+P
submitted document: headers, footers, numbers of
page, margins, rulers, etc. == we see the document in
final form in which it will be printed.

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Outline - module structure of the document ± displays a outline of Alt+Ctrl+O
of the document; we can build the basic structure of
of the document, titles and subtitles, to be completed
the ulterior document.
the own toolbar is displayed:
Outlining = collapse = restrict only titles;
expand = develop = the text is also displayed.
- promote=to promote= a higher hierarchical title, on the left;
demote = downgrade = lower hierarchical title, towards
right.
It is recommended in the first phase when building the skeleton.
the document and when we need to organize the ideas that
I am at the bottom of the document.
Master Document The main document module helps us organize a
main document (like a book); the document is divided
in subdocuments; teamwork is possible, of
people
different, after which the subdocuments can be assembled.
Toolbar Open a submenu that contains options for
management of instrument bars (control)
their display and their personalization).
Ruler Toggle option that controls the display
rules.
Document Map Toggle option that controls the display
structuring the document in a panel that opens
on the left side of the document window. this
the panel can be used for quick travel in
document.
Open the editing area for headers and footers
display the Header and Footer toolbar
for their formatting.
Footnotes Switch option that allows access to the area
of editing the footnote or endnote of
the document.
It is only available if grades have been inserted.
basement or end.
Comments Toggle switch option that allows access to
the comment editing window. It is available
only if comments have been inserted.
Full Screen Switch-type option that, if activated,
switch to full screen mode.
Only the content of the document is displayed on the screen and
the Close Full Screen button. The bars are not displayed.
instruments, menus, application window title and
but the document window.
Zoom Allows modification of the display scale in the window
the document.
Zoom To: 200% (> 2 times) 100% (normal), 75% (< to
75%;
Page Width=<sau> displaying a.i. to see the margins

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 on the right/left side of the physical page;
Whole Page= < displaying as we see the entire page=
we see the text fitting into the page without scrolling;
Many Page= click on the monitor icon and select
the page number we want to be displayed
Percentage => hundred < the text compared to normal by a percentage on
write in the editing area (between 10% and 200%)

INSERT MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Break ... Insert the page break marker of

coloanal or sectional
Page Numbers ... Insert the page number Alt+Shift+P
Date and Time ... Allows the insertion of the date and time taken from the system andAlt+Shift+D
establishing the format for date and time.
AutoText Open a submenu with options for management
from the AutoText entries.
Field ... Insert a selected field from a list of fields.
Symbol ... Insert a chosen symbol (special character) from the list of
character of a font.
Comment Insert a comment and open the window for
administration of defined comments.
Footnote ... Insert a footnote or an endnote of
document.
Caption Insert a caption above or below the object.
selected.
Crossreference Insert a reference to an entity from the same document
Index and Tables Insert an index table, table of contents, of objects
but of the authorities.
Picture Open a submenu with options that allow insertion
an image taken from a file with images or from a
high application.
Text box Activate the drawing tool for a box of
text.
File... Allows the insertion of the content of another document file.
Object... Allows insertion through encapsulation or binding of a
object (image, equation, organigram, diagram, etc).
In the dialog box that opens, the list is displayed.
installed applications on the computer that can be used as
server applications for object creation.
Bookmark... Manage the markings in the document (creation,
deletion, localization.

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MENU FORMAT

THE OPTION SEMANTICS shortcut

Font... Format the characters in the selected area or Ctrl+D

the characters that will be written starting from the position
the cursor.
Paragraph... Format the paragraphs in the selected area or
the paragraphs that will be written starting with the position
the cursor.
Bullets and Create and format a bulleted or numbered list.
Numbering
Borders and Format the borders and shadows of paragraphs, texts
Shading ... select the tables and cells from the table and format them
the pages' edges
Columns... Divide the selected area into columns.
Tabs... Allows the establishment of the position of the tabs and their type of
removal of tabulators for paragraphs in the area
selected or for the paragraphs that will be written
since the position of the cursor.
Drop Cap... Format the character with which the paragraph begins
selected (latrine)
Text direction Establishes the orientation direction of the selected text (on
horizontal or vertical
Change Case... Change the letter type (from uppercase to lowercase in
selected area).
AutoFormat... Allows for automatic formatting of text in the area
selected, with the preset values.
Style Gallery Allows the retrieval of a document style from the list of
definite templates.
Style... Manage formatting styles (create, modify,
deletion).
Background... Allows the establishment of the color and pattern of the background
the document.
Object... Format a drawn object (contour line, pattern
of filling, size, position, etc.).
Spelling and It allows for the verification of the document in terms of F7
Grammar orthographic and grammatical.
Language Open a submenu that contains options for
the choice of language used for the instruments
grammatical, for finding a synonym or antonym
for the selected word (Thesaurus...; shortcut Shift+
F7) for establishing how it is done
the division of words into syllables (Hyphenation...)
Word Count... Display a statistical overview of the active document
(number of characters, of words, of lines of text, of
paragraphs and pages.)
AutoSummarize... Displays a summary of the active document that you
can insert into the active document or into another one

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 document.
AutoCorrect... Manage entries in AutoCorrect (creation and
their deletion).
Track Changes » Opens a submenu with options for highlighting
modifications made in the document for comparison of
2 versions of the same document.
Merge Add another document to the current document.
Document...
Protect Allows the establishment of options for protection
Document... of the document (including the establishment of a password).
Mail Merge... Manage the postal documents.
Envelopes and Manage and print postage labels.
Labels...
Letter Wizard... Launch the assistant procedure for
administration of postal documents.
Macro An inclination for simple commands aimed at automation
text processing.
Manage macros (create, delete,
launch into execution).
Templates and Allows changing the active document template or
Add-ins... modification of the parameter values of this template
Customize... Personalize the interface elements (bars of
instruments, the menu system, and shortcuts from
keyboard).
Options... Establish the parameter values for the operations set out
the Word application disposition (editing, printing,
visualization, etc.

TABLE MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Draw Table Insert a table into the document by drawing it.

Insert Insert a table into a document, and into a table
one or more cells, rows, or columns.
Delete... Delete the selected table or the cells, rows or
the selected columns in a table.
Merge Cells Merge the selected cells into a single table.
cell.
Split Cells... Divide each selected cell in the table into two or
more cells.
Select Row Select the current row from the table
Select column Select the current column from the table.
Select Table Select all the table.
Table It allows the establishment of a formatting for tables.
AutoFormat The formatting will be chosen from a list of formats.
pre-established.
Distribute Rows Assign the same height to rows or cells

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Evenly selected.
Distribute Assign the same width to the columns or cells
Columns Evenly selected.
Cell Height and Allows the setting of the height and width of the rows and/or
Width... the columns of a table.

Headings Switch-type option that controls whether the table will

it had a header that will be displayed at the beginning of each page.
Convert Text to Transform the selected text into a table, respectively
Table... / Convert the selected table into text.
Table to Text...
Sort... Rearrange the selected table area in a certain way
order (ascending or descending) of the values
from one column, from 2 or 3 columns.
Formula... Insert a formula type amp into the current cell (field
the value of which is calculated by applying a formula
calculation on the values recorded in certain cells
of the table).
Split Table Split a table into 2 tables, inserting a marker for
end of paragraph before the current line in the table.
Show gridlines Switch type option that controls whether it is
displayed on the screen the imaginary grid that separates them
the rows and columns of the table (this grid does not
printed; it is used only for identification
the cells of the table.

WINDOW MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

New Window Open a new window for the active document.

Arrange All Arrange the open document windows so that
do not overlap each other (waterfall).
Split / Remote Split the document from the active window into 2 zones of
Split work and allows the sizing of these areas,
respectively remove the marking between the two areas.
List of windows Display a list of the document window names
document open.
open We can quickly activate another document by clicking
by the name of the document in the list.

5.3 MICROSOFT EXCEL – tabular calculation.

INTRODUCTION
EXCEL is a spreadsheet program that offers us the following operations:
the organization and processing of data in the form of tables;

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working with multiple tables;
printing the tables;
operations with blocks of text;
search and replace operations;
formatting the table (according to predefined or user-defined formatting styles);
formatting the document at the page level;
creating data entry forms;
sorting data from tables based on a defined criterion;
the realization of statistical calculations and subtotals with the values from the table;
inserting objects into the table (images, sounds, equations, diagrams);
creating and using macros, etc.

The file extension for tables, managed by the Excel application, is xls.
The execution launch is done from the Start button, All Programs, click on MS Office Excel.

Excel MENUS

FILE MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

New Open a new register or a template. Ctrl+N
Open Open a previously created registry, a template or Ctrl+O
alternative file type that can be processed by the application.
Close Close the active work register. Ctrl+W
Save Save the changes made in the work register. Ctrl+S
Save As Save the new version of the register under a different name. F 12
Save Workspace "Save the workspace configuration to a file."
Page Setup Allows the selection of parameter values that determine
layout on the page for the selected sections.
Print Area Open a submenu with options through which you can
admin zone that will be printed from a spreadsheet
Define the limits of the area or cancel the definition.
Print Preview Toggle option to set the Ctrl+F2 mode
preview of the printed document.
Print Print one copy of the text file to the printer. Ctrl+P
Send To » Open a submenu from which we can choose
the recipient to whom the document can be sent active
using electronic mail.
Properties Display information about the file containing the register
active.
List of registers Display a list of the latest opened records. We can
of work to quickly open a register from the list by clicking
in his name.
Exit Close the Excel application and ask us to confirm.
saving open documents.

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EDIT MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Undo Cancel the last text correction action. Ctrl+Z
Repeat Repeat the last text correction action. Ctrl+Y
Cut / Copy / Paste Operations that use the Clipboard memory area. Ctrl+X
Ctrl+C
Ctrl+V
Paste Special Allows the selection of how the object will be inserted
in encapsulation or in binding.
Fill Open a submenu from which you can choose
the manner in which the cells will be completed with data
selected.
Clear Open a submenu from which we can choose what is to be
will delete from the selected cells (the content, the formatting
after the comments).
Delete... Allows the selection of the cells that will be deleted.
Delete Sheet Delete the selected spreadsheets from the current register.
Move or Copy the selected spreadsheets to another
Sheet... register or in the same register, in a different position.
Find... Search for a string of characters in the cells or spreadsheets Ctrl+F
selected.
Replace... Search for a string of characters in the cells or spreadsheets Ctrl+H
select it and replace it with a string.
Go To... Select the cells that meet a certain Ctrl+G
condition.
Links... Allows updating links in the spreadsheet
(adding new links, deleting some links,
the change of the path to which the link was added.
Object Activate the selected object by launching it into execution.
the application with which it was created. The application will upload in
work window for the selected object in the document.
The option is not available if no has been selected
object.

VIEW MENU

THE OPTION The significance shortcut

Normal/ These options form a group of radio buttons by
Break/ Preview how the viewing mode is established: normal mode,
from the page break preview mode.
Toolbar Open a submenu that contains options for
the administration of bars with instruments (control)
their display and their personalization).
Formula Bar Switch type option that controls the display
I formulated.
Status Bar Toggle option that controls the display of the bar
of state.
Header and Allows editing of the header and/or footer of

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Footer... page
Comments Switch type option that displays the box of
edit the comment.
Custom Views... Allows the creation of work log views.
Report Manager Allows the combination of a spreadsheet with a view
or with a scenario to create a report that will
it can be printed on the printer.
Full Screen A toggle option that, if activated,
switch to full screen mode.
Zoom... Allows modifying the display scale in the window
document.

INSERT MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Cells... Insert cells, rows, or columns.
Rows Insert rows above the selected cells.
Columns Insert columns to the left of the selected cells.
Worksheet Insert a spreadsheet to the left of the selected sheet.
Chart... Insert a diagram.
Page Break... Insert the page break marker.
Function ... Insert a function.
Name Open a submenu for name management
that can be assigned to cells, a group of cells, a
constant or a calculated value.
Comment Insert a comment.
Picture Open a submenu with options that allow insertion
an image taken from a file with images or
from another application.
Map... Insereaza o harta. Harta este creata pe baza datelor
selected, which represent geographic references.
Object... Allows the insertion of an object (image, equation,
organizational chart, diagram etc). In dialog box that
the list of installed applications is displayed
calculators that can be used as server applications for
creating the object

THE FORMAT MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Cells... Format the values in the selected cells (set by Ctrl+1)
a format for numerical values, alignment, the font
characters, the border and the background of the cells.
Row Open a submenu with formatting options
selected rows.
Column Open a submenu with formatting options
selected columns.

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Sheet Open a submenu with formatting options
active calculation sheet.
AutoFormat Apply the default formatting to the cells
selected.
Conditional Apply a certain formatting only to the cells
Formatting... care correspond to a criterion built on the basis of some
values and some calculation formulas
Style... Manage training styles (create, modify,
deletion

TOOLS MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Spelling... Allows verification of the spreadsheet from a spelling perspective F7
AutoCorect... Manage entries in AutoCorrect (creation and
their deletion).
Track Changes Open a submenu with options for highlighting
modifications made in the spreadsheet.
Protection Allows setting options for protecting the sheet
of the calculation or work register (including the establishment
some passwords).
Goal Seek... Allows the use of analysis type ³search for the result
final
Scenarios... It allows the use of analysis by building scenarios.

Auditing Allows for the review of the document for finding

errors in the formulas in execution.
Solver... Allows the use of analysis of the 'resolution' type.
Macro Manage macros (create, delete,
launch in execution).
Add-Ins... Allows the addition of new features to the interface
Excel application.
Customize... Personalize the interface elements (bars with
instruments, the menu system and shortcuts from
keyboard).
Options... Establish the parameter values for the set operations.
at the disposal of the Excel application (editing, printing,
visualization, etc.)
Wizard Open a submenu with assistant procedures.

DATA MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

Sort... Sort the data from in an orderly manner according to a certain criterion
the selected cells or from a list.
Filter Open a submenu with options for

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 filter management.
Form... Display a form for data entry.
Subtotals... Calculate totals with data from specific columns.
Validation... Allows defining a criterion for data validation
from a cell or from a series of cells.
Table... Create a data table that can be used for
analyze
Text to Columns... Transforms text into columns.
Template Wizard... Launch the assistant procedure for
creating a template.
Consolidate... Calculate the sum of numerical values from multiple
source zone from a spreadsheet and display
the result in the table.
Group and Outline Open a submenu with options for creation
» the groups of columns for which the sum will be calculated
values
Pivot Table Report Launches the assistant procedure for
creating the pivot table

WINDOW MENU

THE OPTION THE MEANING shortcut

New Window Open a new window
Arrange All Arrange the open document windows so that
not to cover each other.
Hide Hide the current document window.
Unhide... Display the hidden document window.
Split/ Remove the calculation sheet from the active window into 4 zones
Split work (panels) and allows the sizing of these
zone, respectively removing the marking between the 2 zones.
Freeze Panes Block the scrolling of the selected panel's content.
List of windows Show a list of the names of the opened registers.
document We can quickly activate another registry by clicking.
open by his name on the list.

5.4. CREATING CHARTS IN WORD AND EXCEL

CREATING DIAGRAMS IN WORD.

The Word processor includes many types of diagrams and graphic representations.
If we have Excel installed, there is the possibility to create Excel charts in Word by doing
click in the menu Insert ± Object - Microsoft Excel chart (or Microsoft Graph Chart).

The diagrams we create will be incorporated into Word, and the data from it will be stored.
in a worksheet Excel that is embedded in the Word file

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CREATING CHARTS IN EXCEL
Diagrams allow the creation of a graphical representation of the data in a worksheet.
Diagrams can be used to make data easier to digest for people who
I go through the printed worksheets.
The diagram can be placed on the same worksheet that contains the represented data in
diagram (enclosed diagram) or in a separate worksheet (diagram type sheet).
The diagram is printed alongside the worksheet, the diagram on a worksheet.
this printed independent. When changing the data, in both cases, the diagram will be
updated automatically. It is also possible to publish a diagram on a web page.
To start creating a diagram that will contain the representation of the data from the sheet
For current calculations, the expert application - Chart Wizard is used.
To create a chart, you first need to enter the data into the worksheet.
Then the respective data is selected and the diagram expert (Wizard) is used to
the process of selecting the type of chart and various options for charts begins.

In Excel we can create numerous different types of charts. The selected type of chart
it depends on the nature of the data we are trying to represent and on how we want
to present the respective data.

TYPES OF CHARTS
The main types of diagrams (with their purpose) are:
circular diagrams - to present the relationship between the components of a whole.
bar charts - to compare the values recorded at a certain point in time.
column type diagrams - similar to bar charts, used to
highlight the differences between the various elements.
Line diagram - to highlight trends and changes in values over time.
distribution diagram ± similar to a line chart, used for highlighting
highlight the differences between two sets of values.
*diagram with surfaces similar to the line chart, used to highlight
highlight the change in the radar chart over time of certain values.
point diagram = foosita to indicate the connection between several series of values
Most of these diagrams also feature three-dimensional versions, which allows
better distinguishing of the different data sets.

STEPS FOR CREATING A DIAGRAM.

The creation of diagrams involves going through the following steps:

1) Creating the table. The data is entered. From the Format menu, we select the type of margins,
data type ±text for the header and numeric for the rest of the table, etc.

2) Choosing the type of diagram based on its role.

3) Selecting the areas we want to graphically represent.

4) Editing of legends and labels.

The following objects will be used to build the diagram:
Diagram zone: includes the entire diagram, including the legend and title.
Graph area - data series are represented by points, lines, bars, columns, arcs of
this border is limited by axes and includes data markings, data labels, etc.

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The axes x and y (and z if the diagram is represented in 3-D) on the Ox axis are represented
The data categories on the Oy axis are represented by the values of the data. Graphs are an exception.
circular (without axes), bar graphs.
Axis titles = names attached to the axes
Tick mark = short lines that intersect the axis and highlight
the intervals in which the axis is divided.
Tick mark labels on axes = are names or values attached
the markings on the axis
Data marker = they are the representations in the diagram of the data from the series of
date (points, lines, rectangles, arcs of a circle).
Data labels = are values that are attached to the elements with which it is
the diagram (bars, slices, points) is constructed to know exactly what value it represents.
The legend is placed outside the graph area and is used for identification.
of the parts of the diagram. It specifies the correspondence between color or filling mode and
the name of the file.
The title (Chart Title) at the top of the chart.
The gridline is a network of lines drawn vertically and/or horizontally, which divides
the graph in multiple areas.
Trendline = graphical representation of the trend of data evolution.
it can be used in 3D diagrams or in circular ones.
Error bars = graphical bars included in charts to express errors
that appear in the data representation.
It is not mandatory to include error bars, the title of the chart, in the trend diagrams.
legend, axis labels or data labels so that the diagram does not become "hard to
read and interpreted.

5) Placement of the diagram:

in the calculation sheet that contains the data and will be printed together with the data
in a separate spreadsheet, from the same register, which will be printed separately from the data
in the spreadsheet.

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 Chapter 6 - LibreOffice Writer and Calc

6.1. LibreOffice PROGRAM

INTRODUCTION

LibreOffice is a free, platform-independent office suite that is

compatible with other major office software suites. The aim of the project is the creation
a suite of vendor-independent office programs, which has a file format
implicit ODF, and is free from any liability regarding copyright. On behalf of
the words Libre ("free") and Office ("office") refer to a suite of office programs
free. As free software, users can download it for free, modify it, and use it.
independent from the environment and can distribute LibreOffice freely, without restrictions. LibreOffice is
available in over a hundred languages, including Romanian, and includes a spell checker
for the Romanian language, which allows us various uses:
Writer = word processor. It is an application for text processing and formatting.
printing format: brochure, leaflet, book, etc.
Calc = for managing spreadsheets. It allows the processing of data organized under
table format (spreadsheet) and display in the form of diagrams of the data from the table.
Impress = graphic applications (slides) for creating presentations on the computer,
that can replace or complete a verbal presentation of information.
Base = the database management system.. allows the management of organized data
in the form of databases.
Draw= for creating special publications, such as brochures, flyers (leaflets) and books
on a visit.

HISTORIC

There are several versions of LibreOffice, the first stable version was LibreOffice 3.3.
released on January 25, 2011. It has now reached version LibreOffice 7.2
LibreOffice Writer
This is an efficient and fully equipped word processor that provides us with everything
the necessary tools to create documents of many types: from documents
simple (notes and sketches), up to complex documents (newsletters, HTML pages)
for the Internet).
The file extension associated with files managed by the LibreOffice Writer application is .odt
To launch the LibreOffice Writer program, we need to follow a few steps:
1) On the Windows 10 desktop, we click on Start, positioning the cursor
on the "Start Bar"
2) click on the LibreOffice Writer icon. The application window is displayed.
LibreOffice Writer.

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 6.2. LibreOffice Writer

The Processor Writer Menus

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The text processor Writer's menus are:

File(Fi ș ier)= contine optiuni pentru lucrul cu fisiere document(.odt) sau sabloane de
documents (.ott) that are created and updated by Writer;
Edit (Editing) = options for editing operations (for modifying documents);
View contains options to set the display mode of the document and
configure the application window
Insert (Inserare)= contine optiuni pentru inserarea documentul activ, in pozitia cursorului,
of different entities;
From the Insert menu, we can insert charts. The Writer editor calls the LibreOffice application.
Calc for creating diagrams, which is why we will develop this option within
LibreOffice Calc application.
Format contains options for formatting texts and inserted objects.
in text;
Styles (Stiluri)= conține opțiuni pentru formatarea automată a titlurilor, subtitlurilor,
introduction of numbering lists, usage options for constructing the table of contents;
Tools contain options for document maintenance;
Table = contains options for managing tables inserted in the document;
Form (Formular) = contains options for creating forms;
Windows = contains options for organizing document windows
application.

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File Menu

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 New Open a new document or a template Ctrl + N
Create
2 Open Open a previously created document or press Ctrl + O
Open template
3 Close Close all windows of the active document Ctrl + W
Close
4 Save Save the changes made to the document, Ctrl + S
Save implicit saving
5 Save As Save the new version of the document, under Ctrl + Shift + S
Save as another name, in another format (compatible with the version)
previously), or in another location
6 Versions Manage the versions of a document
7 Page Setup Allows the selection of parameter values that
Page Style determine:
setează pagina the layout on the page for the selected sections:
portrait or landscape,
- formatul hartie( A5, A4, B 5, Letter, Legal,
[Link].#10, 4x6, 5x7, Custom size.
- the margins of the document (left alignment -
top-right down
8 Print Preview the printed document before Ctrl +
Preview printer (Toggle option). Shift + O
printing
9 Print Print the document to the printer. Ctrl + P
Print
10 Send To Open a submenu from which we can choose Ctrl + Q
Email document the recipient to whom the document can be sent
active using email.
11 Properties Display information about the file that contains
Properties active document pg, char number, last date
Modifications, date of last access
12 List Display a list of the latest opened documents
documents (4-9).
Documents We can quickly open a document from the list
recent clicking on his name.
13 Exit Close the Writer application and it asks us to confirm Alt + F4.
Exporting LibreOffice saving written documents.

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Writer - Edit Menu (Editing)

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Undo Cancel the last proofreading action in the text Ctrl + Z
Anulare
Redo-Repeat Repeat the last correction action in the text. Ctrl + Y
Reconstruction
3 Cut Move the selected object from the source area to the clipboard Ctrl + X
Cut out
4 Copy Create a copy of the selected object in Clipboard Ctrl + C
Copy from the source area

5 Paste Transfer the Clipboard content to the Ctrl + V area

Consolidate selected destination (where the cursor is)
6 Paste Special... Allows choosing how it will be inserted in Ctrl + Shift + V
Special adhesive document the object: through encapsulation or pr in
to bind.
7 Clear Delete the selected document area. Delete
Delete content
8 Select All Select the entire document Ctrl + A
Select all
9 Find... Search in the document for a text or style using Ctrl + F
Search formatting
10 Replace... Search for text or style in the document like Ctrl + H
Find and replace formats and replaces it with the text, respectively the type
of the specified formatting.

11 Go To... Move the insertion cursor in the document to the position Ctrl + G
Go to page specifications (page, section, line, markings of
document etc.).
12 Links... Allows updating of links in the document
Hyperlink (adding new links, deleting some)
connections the change objects legate
the change of the way it was added
legatura.).
13 Object Activate the selected object by launching it in
Object execution of the application with which it was created. The application
it will load the object into its working window
selected in the document.
The option is not available if it has not been
selected an object.

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Writer - View Menu

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Normal These options form a button group.
radio through which the viewing mode is established:
-normal module;
-recommended when we quickly write the text in the first
the way it looks written on
paper (printed);
2 Web -direct placement module- texts and are displayed
Internet objects from the document; are no longer retained
formatting the paragraphs
it is recommended only for reading the document.
3 Page Layout -layout module=show all
Full page the elements I offered document: headers,
footers, page numbers, margins, rulers
etc.== we see the document in its final form in which
it will be printed.

4 Outline - document structure module ± show an F5

Navigator the document will be assessed; we can build the structure
from the base of the document, titles and subtitles,
Please let us complete the document further.
display your own toolbar:
Outlining =collapse= restrict only titles;
expand = develop = and the text is displayed.
promote=to promote=superior hierarchical title, to
left;
demote = retrograde = lower hierarchical title, towards
the right.
it is recommended in the first phase when we build
the skeleton of the document and when it needs to
organizes the ideas that are the basis of the document.
5 Toolbar Open a submenu that contains options
Just the tools for the management of toolbars
(controlling their display and personalizing them).
6 Ruler Switch-type option that controls
Rule displaying the rules.
7 Header Open the editing area for headers and
Header sub-sol and display the Header toolbar
and Footer for their formatting.
8 Footer Open the editing area for headers and
Subsoil subtitles and display the Header toolbar
and Footer for their formatting.
Footnote and Endnote Settings
end

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10 Footnote Switch type option that allows access to
footnote editing area a
document.
11 Endnote Toggle option that allows access to
endnote editing area of the document.
12 Comments Switch type option that allows access to
Comments comment editing window. It is
available only if they have been inserted
comments.
13 Full Screen Toggle option that, if activated,
On the whole screen switch to full screen mode. Ctrl + Shift + J
Only the content is displayed on the screen.
the document and the Close Full Screen button. Not
toolbars, menus, title are displayed
application window and document window.
14 Zoom Allows modification of the display scale in the window
Zoom the document.
Zoom To: 200% (> 2 times) 100% (normal)
75% (< 75%)
Page Width=<sau> display in order to see
margins on the right/left compared to the physical page;
Whole Page= < we see the whole display
page=
we will format the text on the page without it
derulam;
Many Page= click on the monitor icon and
select the number of pages we want to be displayed
Percent=>hundred< the text compared to normal with a
percent written in the editing area (between 10% and
200%)

Writer - Insert Menu

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 Break ... Insert the page break mark of
Interruption of colonic or of section Ctrl + Enter
page
2 Page Numbers... Insert page number
Page number
3 Date Allows the insertion of data retrieved from the system
Date
4 Time Allows inserting the time taken from the system
Hour

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5 AutoText Open a submenu with options for Ctrl + F3
Automatic text management of entries in AutoText.
6 Field... Insert a field selected from a list of fields.
Fields
7 Symbol ... Insert a chosen symbol (special character) from
Special Character list of a font.
8 Comment Insert a comment and open the window Ctrl + Alt + C
Note for the administration of defined comments.
9 Caption Insert a caption above or below the object.
Legend selected.
10 Crossreference Insert a reference to an entity from the same
Reference document
crossed
11 Index and Tables Insert an index table, of contents, of
Contents and index objects or authorities.

12 Picture Open a submenu with options that allow

Images inserting an image taken from a file with
images or from another application.
13 Text box Activate the drawing tool for a
Text box text box.

14 File... Allows the insertion of the content of another file

Text from file document.
15 Object... Allows insertion through encapsulation or binding of
Object Ole an object (image, equation, flowchart,
dialog box that is
open this displays the list of installed applications on
calculators that can be used as server applications
for creating the object.
16 Bookmark... Manage the markings in the document (creation,
Bookmark deletion, localization.
17 Hyperlink... Allows the insertion of links from the document
Hyperlink (adding new links, deleting some) Ctrl + K
links, the change objects legate
the change of the way it was added
connection).

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Writer - Menu Format (Formatting)

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Font... Format the characters in the selected area or
Text the characters that will be written starting from the position
the cursor.
2 Paragraph... Format the paragraphs in the selected area or
Paragraph the paragraphs that will be written starting with the position
cursor.
Allows setting the position of the tabs and the type
the removal of tabulators for paragraphs
din zona selectata sau pentru paragrafele care
They will be written starting from the cursor position.

3 Bullets and create and format a bulleted list or

Numbering numbered.
Little Bulin and
numbering
4 Borders and format the frames and shadows of the paragraphs,
Shading ... selected texts, tables and cells in the table
Edgings the page borders are formatted

5 Columns... Split the selected area into columns.

Coloane
6 Text direction Set the direction of orientation of the selected text
left and right on the horizontal
Text direction from
left to right
7 Text direction Set the orientation direction of the selected text
up and down vertically
Text direction of
sus down
8 Change Change the letter type (from lowercase to uppercase)
Uppercase letters in the selected area).
CAPITAL LETTERS
9 Change Change the letter type (from uppercase to lowercase)
Lowercase letters in the selected zone).
lowercase letters

10 Background... Allows the establishment of the background color and pattern.

Color of the document.
Background
11 Object... Format a drawn object (contour line,
Text box and template shape for filling, size, position, etc.
12 Merge Add another document to the current document.

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 Document...
13 Customize... Personalize the interface elements (bars of
Personalization instruments, the menu system, and shortcuts of
the keyboard).
14 Options... Set the parameter values for the operations Alt + F12
Options I put the application Writer (editing,
printing, viewing, etc.

Writer - Menu Styles

Allows the retrieval of a document style from the defined templates list.
Option The meaning shortcut
The option
1 Style and Manage formatting styles (creation,
formatting modify, delete.
Edit Style

Writer - Tools Menu

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Spelling and Allows the verification of the document from the F7 point
Grammar spelling and grammatical view.
Orthography
2 Automatic Play Allows automatic document verification from Ctrl +
Checking orthographic and grammatical point of view. Shift + F7
3 Sinonime Look for synonymous words and replace them. Ctrl + F7
4 Language Open a submenu that contains options
Language for the choice limbii folosite for
grammatical tools, for finding a
synonym or antonym for the selected word
(Thesaurus...; shortcut Shift + F7) for
establishing how the separation is made
words into syllables (Hyphenation...).
5 Word Count... Display a statistical situation of the active document
Count words (number of characters, of words, of lines of text,
of paragraphs and of pages.)
6 AutoCorrect Manage entries in AutoCorrect (creation and
Correction their deletion).
automatic
7 Mail Merge... Launch the assistant procedure for
Assistant for the management of postal documents.

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 correspondence in
series
8 Update Update the entire document
9 Protect Allows for the establishment of options for protection
Document... of the document (including the establishment of a password).

10 Macro Sublimation of simple commands with the aim of

Macrouri automate text processing.
Manage the macros (create, delete,
launch in execution).

Writer - Table Menu

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Insert Table Insert a table in the document by pressing Ctrl + F12
Insert table number of school lines.
2 Insert Insert rows or columns into a table.
Insert
3 Delete... Delete the selected table or the cells, rows or
Deletion... the selected columns in a table.
4 Merge Merge cells selected in a table into a
Merge the cells the only cell.
5 Split Cells Divide each selected cell in the table by
Divide the cells two or more cells.
6 Merge Table Reuneste celulele selectate intr-un tabel, intr-o
The Unstable the only cell.
7 Split Split a table into 2 tables, inserting a marker
(Divide the table) at the end of the paragraph before the current line from
table.
8 Select Select the current cell from the table
Selection Select the current row from the table
Select the current column from the table
Select the entire table.
9 Size It allows setting the height and width of the rows
Size if/for the columns of a table.
Assign the same height to rows or cells
selected.
Assign the same width to the columns or cells
selected.
10 Table AutoFormat allows you to set a formatting for tables.
Formatting styles The formatting will be chosen from a list of formats
automatic pre-established.
11 Headings Switch-type option that controls whether

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 the table will have a header that will be displayed at the beginning
each page.
Convert Text to Transform the selected text into a table
Table
Your text in table
Convert Table to Transform the selected table into text.
Text
From table to text
14 Sort Rearrange the selected table area into a
Sorting certain order (ascending or descending)
if the values from one column, from 2 or 3 columns.
15 Formula Insert a formula type amp in the current cell
Formula (camp whose value is calculated by
the application of a calculation formula to the values
registered in certain cells of the table.
16 Properties... Table properties (columns, borders, background ...)
Properties...

Window Menu

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 New Window opens a new window for the document
New window activ.
2 Close Window Close the active window. Ctrl + W
Close the window
3 Windows Show a list with the names of the document windows
documents open.
opened We can quickly activate another document
by clicking on the document name in the list.

6.3. LibreOffice Calc (spreadsheet).

INTRODUCTION

LibreOffice Calc is a spreadsheet program that offers us the following operations:

the organization and processing of data in the form of tables;
working with multiple tables;
printing tables;

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operations with text blocks;
search and replace operations;
formatting the table (according to predefined or user-defined formatting styles);
- formatting the document at the page level;
creating input data forms;
sorting data from tables based on a defined criterion;
the realization of statistical calculations and subtotals with the values from the table;
inserting objects in the table (images, sounds, equations, diagrams);
creating and using macros, etc.

The file extension for tables managed by the LibreOffice Calc application is
The execution launch is done from the Start button, Taskbar, click on LibreOffice
Calc.

The menus of Libreoffice Calc

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Calc - File Menu

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 New Open a new register or a template. Ctrl + N
Create
2 Open Open a previously created workbook, a template or Ctrl + O
Open Another type of file that can be processed by the application.
3 Close Close the active work register. Ctrl + W
Close
4 Save Save the changes made in the work register. Ctrl + S
Save
5 Save As Save the new version of the register, under a different Ctrl + Shift + S.
Save as name.
6 Page Setup Allows the selection of parameter values that
Page... determine the layout for the sections
settings selected.
7 Print Preview Toggle option for setting mode Ctrl +
Preview of the printed document preview. Shift + O
printing
8 Print Print a single copy of the file Ctrl + P
Print text.
9 Send To Open a submenu from which we can choose Ctrl + Q
Email document the recipient to whom the document can be sent
active using email.
10 Properties Display information about the file that contains
Properties asset register.
11 List Displays a list of the latest open records.
documents We can quickly open a register from the list.
Documents executing by clicking on his name.
recent
12 Exit Close the Excel application and it asks us to confirm Alt + F4.
LibreOffice exit saving the open documents.

Calc - Edit Menu (Editing)

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 Undo Cancel the last text correction action. Ctrl + Z
Cancellation
Redo-Repeat Repeat the last proofreading action in the text Ctrl + Y
Reconstruction

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3 Cut Move the selected object from the source area to the clipboard Ctrl + X
Cut out
4 Copy Create a copy of the selected object in Clipboard from Ctrl + C
Copy southern area
5 Paste Transfer the Clipboard content to the Ctrl + V area.
Glue selected destination (where the cursor is)
6 Paste Special... Allows the choice of how Ctrl + Shift + V will be inserted
Special adhesive the object in the document: through encapsulation or pr in
to tie.
7 Fill Open a submenu from which you can
Fill in the cells We will specify the way in which they will be filled with data
selected cells.
8 Clear Open a submenu from which we can choose what
Clean the cells will be deleted from the selected cells (the content,
the formatting or comments).
Delete... Allows the styling of the cells that will be deleted. Ctrl + -
Delete the cells
10 Delete Row Delete the selected rows from the current register.
Delete the rows
11 Delete Columns Delete the selected columns from the current register.
Delete columns
12 Delete Sheet Delete the selected spreadsheets from the current workbook.
Delete the sheet
13 Move or Move or copy the selected worksheets to another
Copy Sheet... register or in the same register, in another position.
Move or
Copy the sheet
14 Select All Select the entire spreadsheet Ctrl + A
Select all
15 Go To ... Menu with multiple selection options: sheets,
Select rand, column, data area, etc.
16 Find... Search for a string in the cells or sheets using Ctrl + F
Search... selected calculations.
17 Find and replace Find a string of characters in the cells or sheets with Ctrl + H
Search selected and replaces it with a string of
replace character.
18 Hyperlinks Allows updating links in the spreadsheet Ctrl + K
Links (adding new links, deleting some links,
the change of the route to which the connection was added.
19 Object Activate the selected object by launching it into execution.
Object the application with which it was created. The application will upload
in the work window the selected object in the document.
The option is not available if it has not been selected.
an object.

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Calc - View Menu

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 Normal These options form a group of radio buttons.
Normal in which the viewing mode is established: mode
normal, or the preview mode of interruptions of
page.
2 Page Break
Preview
Interruption of
page
3 Toolbar Open a submenu that contains options
Tool bar for administration barrels with tools
(controlling their display and personalizing them).
4 Formula Bar Switch type option that controls
Formula bar displaying the formula bar.
5 Status Bar Toggle option that controls the display
Status bar barely state.
6 Header and allows editing of the header and/or footer of
Footer page
Antete and
basements
7 Comments Switch type option that displays the box
Comments of editing the comment.
8 Fixing cells Fix the first column or the first row
Fix cells
9 Custom Views... Allows the creation of views for the F5 log
Navigator thing.
10 Full Screen Toggle option that, if it is Ctrl + Shift + J
On the whole screen activate, switch to screen viewing mode
complete.
11 Zoom... Allows modification of the display scale in the window
Zoom document.

Calc - Insert Menu

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Cells... Move selected cells down or to the right, one row
Insert cells or an entire column
2 Rows... Insert rows above or below
Insert rows into the selected rows.

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3 Columns... Insert columns before or after the columns
Insert selected.
columns
4 Worksheet Insert a worksheet to the left of the selected sheet.
Insert a sheet
5 Worksheet End Insert a work register (spreadsheet)
Insert a sheet positioned after the last worksheet
at the end
6 Chart... Insert a diagram.
Diagram
7 Page Break... Insert the page break marker.
Interruption of
page
8 Remove We remove the page break marker.
Break...
Delete
interruption of
page
9 Function ... Insert a function. Ctrl + F2
Function...
10 Name Open a submenu for administration
Interval called or names that can be assigned to cells, a group of
expression cells, a constant or a calculated value.
11 Comment Insert a comment. Ctrl + Alt + C
Comment
12 Picture Open a submenu with options that allow
Images inserting an image taken from a file with
images or from another application.
13 Object Ole... Allows insertion through encapsulation or binding of a
Inserted object object (imagine, equation organizational chart
diagram, etc). In the dialog box that opens
the list of applications installed on the computer is displayed
which can be used as server applications for creating
of the object.
14 Hyperlink... Allows the insertion of links from the document
Hyperlink (adding new links, deleting some links, Ctrl + K)
changing related objects, changing the course to
what was the connection added.)

Calc - Format Menu (Formatting)

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 Cells... Format the values in the selected cells Ctrl+1

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 Cells... (establishing a format for numerical values,
alignment, font of the characters, border and background
cells).
2 Row Open a submenu with options for
Rows » format the selected rows.
3 Column » Open a submenu with options for
Coloane format the selected columns.
4 AutoFormat Apply the default formatting to the cells
Selected formatting styles.
automatic
5 Conditional Apply a certain formatting only to
Formatting... cells that correspond to a constructed criterion
based on some values and some calculation formulas
6 Clone formatting Clone the formatting style
Clear formatting Undo direct formatting Ctrl + M
direct
8 Text Format the text

Calc - Styles Menu

Allows the retrieval of a document style from the defined template list.

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Manage Styles Manage training styles (create F11
modify, delete

Calc - Sheet Menu

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Rename Sheet Rename the spreadsheet
2 Hide Sheet Hide the spreadsheet
3 Unhide Sheet Show the spreadsheet
4 Tab Color Color the tab area of the spreadsheets
Sheet color page
5 Navigate Navigation to the previous or next page
Navigate

Calc - Data Menu (Dates)

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 Option The meaning shortcut
The option
1 Sort... Arrange the data orderly according to a certain criterion.
Sorting from the selected cells or from a list.
2 Filter » Open a submenu with options for
More filters filter management.
3 Form... Display a form for data entry.
4 Subtotals... Calculate totals with the data from the columns
Subtotals specific.
5 Validation... Allows for the definition of a data validation criterion
Validity from a cell or from a series of cells.
6 to transform a text into columns.
Columns...
Text in columns
7 Consolidate... Calculate the sum of numerical values from multiple
Consolidate source zone from a spreadsheet and display it
the result in the table.
8 Group and Open a submenu with an option for creation
Outline the groups of columns for which the calculation will be made
Grouping the sum of values
structure
9 Pivot Table Launch the execution procedure for the assistant for
Pivot Table creating the pivot table

Calc - Tools Menu

Option The significance shortcut

The option
1 Spelling... Allows document verification from point F7
Spelling see spelling
2 Automatic Spell Check allows automatic document verification from Shift + F7
Checking orthographic point of view.
3 AutoCorrect... Manage entries in AutoCorrect (creation
Setări Their deletion.
Correction

4 Track Changes » Open a submenu with options for

Detective highlighting the changes made in the sheet of
calcul.
5 Protection Allows the establishment of options for protection
Protect sheet out of the calculation or the work register (including

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 establishing some passwords.
6 Goal Seek... Allows the use of search result analysis
Search final value
destination
7 Scenarios... Allows the use of analysis through construction
Scenarios scenarios.
8 Show Watch for errors in the worksheets
window
Follow the error
9 Solver... Allows the use of resolution type analysis.
Resolver
10 Macro Administers macrocommands (create,
Macrouri removal, enforcement launch.
11 Customize... Personalize the elements interfaced (bare
Personalization with tools, the menu system and shortcuts
from the
keyboard).
12 Options... Set the parameter values for the operations Alt + F12
Options put the disposition of the Excel application (editing,
printing, viewing, etc.

Calc - Window Menu

Option The meaning shortcut

The option
1 New Open a new window for the document
New window active.
2 Split Switch type option that separates into two
Divide Window area Work Register (Spreadsheet).
3 Freeze Block Panes scrolling the content of the panel
Freezing selected rows
and the column

4 Close Window Close the active window. Ctrl + W

Close the window
5 Windows Display a list of the document window names
documents opened.
open We can quickly activate another document.
by clicking on the name of the document in the list.

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 6.4. Creating Diagrams in Writer and in Calc

Creating Diagrams in LibreOffice Writer.

The WRITER processor includes many types of diagrams and graphical representations.
If we have LibreOffice Calc installed, there is the possibility to create LibreOffice charts.
Calculate in LibreOffice Word, by clicking in the Insert menu Object - OLE Object - Diagram
LibreOffice Calc 7.0 (or from Other objects we insert Microsoft Graph Chart).

The diagrams we create will be incorporated into LibreOffice Writer, and the data from it
is stored in a LibreOffice Calc spreadsheet that is embedded in the file from
LibreOffice Writer

Creating Diagrams in Libreoffice Calc

Diagrams allow the creation of a graphical representation of data from a worksheet.
Diagrams can be used to make data easier to assimilate for people who
I go through the printed worksheets.
The diagram can be placed in the same worksheet that contains the represented data in
diagram (enclosing diagram) or on a separate worksheet (diagram type sheet).
The diagram is printed alongside the worksheet, the diagram on a worksheet.
this is printed independently. When modifying the data, in both cases, the diagram will be
automatically updated. It is also possible to publish a diagram on a webpage.
To start creating a chart that will contain the data representation from the sheet
To calculate the current, the expert application - Chart Wizard is used.
To create a chart, you must first enter the data on the worksheet.
Then the respective data is selected and the Diagram Expert (Wizard) is used to
the process of choosing the type of chart and the various options for charts begins.

In LibreOffice Calc we can create numerous types of different charts. The type of charts
the selection depends on the nature of the data we are trying to represent and on how
We would like to present the respective data.

TYPES OF DIAGRAMS
The main types of diagrams (with their purpose) are:
circular diagrams - to present the relationship between the components of a whole.
bar charts - to compare values recorded at a specific point in time.
*column-type diagrams - similar to bar charts, used to extract
highlight the differences between the various elements.
line diagram - to highlight trends and changes in values over time.
distribution diagram ± similar to a line chart, used to highlight
highlight the differences between two sets of values.
Diagram with surfaces ± similar to the line diagram, used to highlight in
highlight the change in the radar chart over time of certain values.
*point diagram = used to indicate the connection between multiple series of values
Most of these diagrams also feature three-dimensional versions, which allows
the better distinction of different datasets.

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STEPS FOR CREATING A DIAGRAM.
The creation of the diagrams involves following the next steps:

1) Creating the table. Data is entered. From the Format menu, we select the type of margins.
the data type ±text for the header and numeric for the rest of the table, etc.

2) Choosing the type of diagram based on its role.

3) Selecting the area we want to represent graphically.

4) Editing the legend and labels.

The following objects will be used to build the diagram:
Diagram area: includes the entire diagram, including the legend and title.
Graph area - data series are represented by points, lines, bars, columns, arcs of
It is bounded by axes and includes data markers, data labels, etc.
Axes x and y (and z if the diagram is represented in 3-D) are represented on the Ox axis.
the categories of data and on the Oy axis are represented the values of the data. Exceptions are the graphs.
circular (without axes), bar charts.
- Etichetele axelor (Axis title) = nume care se ataseaza axelor
Axis tick mark = short lines that intersect the axis and highlight
the intervals in which the axis is divided.
Tick-mark labels on axes = are names or values attached
marks on the axis
Data marker = are the representations in the diagram of the data from the series of
date (points, lines, rectangles, arcs of circles).
Data labels are values that are attached to the elements with which it is related.
built the diagram (bars, slices, points) to know exactly what value it represents.
The legend is placed outside the graph area and is used for identification.
of the chart. It specifies the correspondence between color or fill pattern and
the name of the file.
The title (Chart Title) at the top of the chart.
The gridline is a network of lines drawn vertically and/or horizontally, which divides
the graph in multiple areas.
Trendline = graphic representation of the trend of data evolution.
It can be used in 3D diagrams or in circular ones.
Error bars = graphical bars included in charts to express errors
that appear in the representation of data.
It is not mandatory to include error bars, the title of the chart, in the trend diagrams,
legend, axis labels or data labels so that the diagram does not become 'heavy
citit” side interpretat.

5) Placement of the diagram:

in the calculation sheet that contains the data and will be printed along with the data
- in a separate spreadsheet, from the same register, which will be printed separately from the data in
calculation sheet.

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