Additive Manufacturing: 3D Printing Guide
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ScribdTranslationsAdditive Manufacturing: 3D Printing Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Gabriel Montoya
Raul Mentado
Raymond Rodriguez
Marco Torres
Miguel Moretti
Definition
Colloquially known as 3D printing, it is a manufacturing process in which
they unite materials, usually layer by layer, based on a computing model, allowing
precision, handling and control of the process phases.
The design is sent to an additive machine, or 3D printer, capable of reading digital plans.
and usually reproducing them with polymers, creating a durable piece with less material of
waste from traditionally forged pieces.
It has applications in the manufacturing of parts of
motors, jewelry, surgical implants, medical devices,
in other words, any piece that can be molded
digitally.
Ventajas y Desventajas de la Manufactura Aditiva
Less manufacturing time. It is possible, in many cases, to finish a piece the same day and thus
dispatch it.
Cost savings. Since a computerized model is used, greater accuracy in the parts is guaranteed.
y en the finished.
Flexibility. Any shape that can be molded can be manufactured, practically any piece,
taking care with the material they require.
It allows for changes during the life or operation of the element, clearly depending on the work that
do.
Disadvantages
Many patents for processes using this method remain in effect, controlled by Stratasys Corp.
The initial investment is very high compared to traditional manufacturing processes.
Types of additive manufacturing processes
- Photopolymerization
- Powder bed fusion
- Binder Jetting Injection
- Material Injection (Material Jetting)
- Sheet lamination
- Material Extrusion
- Direct Energy Deposition (DED)
Types of additive manufacturing processes
Photopolymerization: a reservoir of liquid resin is used
photopolymeric that is cured by exposure to light,
solidifying the exposed areas. It can be developed.
complex figures with smooth surface finishes and a high
precision
Powder bed fusion: it is based on the deposition of
powdered materials, which are melted by
a heat source, like a laser. The powder that does not melt,
serves as support material for features
additional. Materials such as plastics are often used,
metals, ceramics, and sand.
Types of additive manufacturing processes
Binder Jetting: a binding agent is used
series of liquid binding agents that are selectively applied
in thin layers of powdered material to build pieces layer by layer
by layer. This method allows for color printing, in addition to
handles a wide range of materials such as powder plastics,
metales, cerámicas, vidrio y arena.
Material Injection (Material Jetting): consists of a
injector that deposits droplets of material, layer by layer until
manufacture the piece that solidifies at room temperature. It allows the
printing of full color parts and the incorporation of various
materials in one piece, however, the materials are seen
limited to polymers, photopolymers, and waxes.
Types of additive manufacturing processes
Sheet lamination: sheets of material are stacked
and laminated together to form the piece. This process
it can be adhesive or chemical, by ultrasonic welding or
bronze welding according to the material being laminated,
It is usually made of paper, metal plastic sheets.
Subsequently, the excess areas are cut off. The costs are
relatively low.
Material Extrusion: the material is extruded through
a print head, and it is placed layer by layer until finished
piece. The final product has good properties
structural. with a wide variety of colors. They usually
to employ thermoplastic filaments and pellets. It is low
cost.
Types of additive manufacturing processes
Direct Energy Deposition (DED): In this process, materials, in the form of powder
the wire, are fed onto a surface where they adhere through a
energy source such as a laser beam or a beam of electrons. One of its main
Characteristics include that it has no limitations in direction or axes, and also that it is effective.
for repairs or additions of material, and multiple materials can be worked on at once
one piece.
Types of additive manufacturing processes
Category Operation Materials
Material Extrusion Filament extruded through a hole Metals and polymers
Photopolymerization of the tray Light solidifies resin Polymers
selectively
Material injection Droplet deposition Polymers and waxes
Powder bed fusion Thermal energy unites Metals and polymers
regions of a powder bed
Directed energy deposition Directed thermal energy Metals
to unite particles, by means of
foundry.
Binder injection Binder is used for polymers, metals, and ceramics.
join the particles
Sheet lamination Slices of material are Metals and polymers
undone
Phases of additive manufacturing
● Create the desired 3D model in a CAD program. That is, a computer-aided drawing.
● Export the 3D model in a universal format readable by 3D printers, so that it
I can execute the printing.
● Review and repair the design of the exported model if necessary.
● Slice the model. Load the model format into the support computer.
from the printer and/or choose the print orientation, that is, the way it will be
make the impression.
Phases of additive manufacturing
● Generate the support structures.
● Printing of the physical model.
● Remove the support structures.
● Post-process, which refers to the finishing of the artifact, such as the joining of pieces,
smoothing of surfaces, sandblasting, sanding, machining, among others.
Types of 3D printers
According to the technology they use for printing, they can be classified into:
3D Printers by Stereolithography (SLA)
3D Printers ofSelective Laser Sintering (SLS)
3D Printers by Injection
4. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Types of 3D printers
3D Printers by Stereolithography (SLA)
It consists of applying a beam of ultraviolet light to a light-sensitive liquid resin.
The UV light solidifies the resin layer by layer, while the base that supports the structure.
it moves down so that the light can act on the new bathroom again, thus
until the object reaches the desired shape. With this method, extremely high-quality parts are achieved.
quality, although, to mention a drawback, a certain amount of material is wasted in
function of the support that needs to be manufactured.
Types of 3D printers
3D printers ofSelective Laser Sintering (SLS)
Essentially, it feeds off the laser to print 3D objects. It allows the use of a large number of
powdered materials (ceramics, glass, nylon, polystyrene, etc.). The laser impacts the powder, melting
the material and solidifies. All the material that is not used is stored in the same place where
The printing began, so nothing is wasted, and any residue can be recovered.
surplus from the printing.
Types of 3D printers
Impresoras 3D por Inyección
This is the 3D printing system most similar to a regular printer (ink on paper).
It consists of a print head that moves injecting a photopolymer (plastic material)
reactive to light), instead of ink as in traditional printers. UV lights surround the
printing head to harden the material after it has been injected. Repeating this
process, the object is printed layer by layer. It has the advantage of not involving radiation in the
printing processes.
Types of 3D printers
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
It consists of depositing melted polymer onto a flat base, layer by layer. The material, which
initially it is in solid state stored in rolls, it melts and is expelled by the
nozzle in lowercase threads that solidify as they take the shape of each
cover.