INFORMATICS

BASIC
Professor: Fábio Ferreira
Distance Education Sector
Barbacena – MG
2012
Summary
1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE....................................................................................3
2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.............................................................................................11
3. PERIPHERALS..................................................................................................................18
4. OPERATING SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................27
5. INTERNET
6. EMAIL.................................................................................................42
7. WORD PROCESSOR ........................................................................................48
8. ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET ..............................................................................................61
9. PRESENTATION EDITOR .......................................................................................75
10. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL.....................................................................................96
OpenOffice Writer................................................................................................................96
OpenOffice Calc
OpenOffice Impress...........................................................................................................120
11. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES............................................................................125
12. COMPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................126
14. RECOMMENDED READINGS....................................................................................126
Basic Computing Professor: Fábio Ferreira

1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

When one wishes to learn something new in life, it is necessary to develop the theory to
then apply it in practice. For example, when learning to drive it is necessary
first learn about traffic rules, then about basic rules of operation
of the vehicle such as: location of the pedals, gears, and other dashboard items.
Computer science works like this too: you will first learn concepts.
basics to later apply them in practice.
Computer science is part of our daily lives: at the supermarket, at the bank, in the office, in the
school. It's no longer possible to live without it. In professional life, knowledge of Computer Science
it is becoming so important that we can talk about a new type of illiteracy: that of
computer illiterates. The lack of knowledge in IT excludes people from the competition
for better professional opportunities.
Fortunately, Computer Science is not difficult. With a little dedication, anyone
you can be a competent computer user. The subject is very broad, it is necessary
dedicate part of your time to learning and don't stop improving because the
Computing doesn't stop either.

History
Due to the need to control the herds, Greek and Egyptian shepherds invented a
primitive counting process that was based on equivalence. Each animal was equivalent
to a small stone that together represented the sum. So, if there was one more small stone it was
noted the absence of one animal, two small stones, two animals and so on. It was the beginning of the
primitive data processing of Man.
Later, the system evolved and became even more practical with the emergence of symbols.
numerical and numbering systems. Thus, it was no longer necessary to accumulate
stones or shells, but rather, to know the numerical symbol that represented a given quantity
of the herd animals.
The abacus was the first device created to perform arithmetic operations and it is
considered the starting point of Computer Science.
With the emergence of paper, combined with writing and numbering systems, man
then started to record data in written form and to manipulate it. Then came the machine of
to write, which reigned absolute from the 19th century until the early 1980s of the 20th century,
when it was definitively replaced by computers and their processing programs
of text. This means that, among other functions, the computer changed the way of
writing, facilitating error correction and improving the appearance of the text.

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Figure 1: Abacus
The word COMPUTER literally means, "one who performs the function of"
compute." But what does compute mean? Compute means "to calculate," which
express simply to calculate, count, or evaluate. Since the creation of the first machines
from the calculations of Charles Babbage in the 19th century to the first generation of computers in
1950s, the main goal was to speed up calculations and automate tasks
routine.

The most notable facts in the history of computer development, from the abacus.
even our most modern PCs can be found on the Brazilian site
[Link]

From generation to generation: the evolution of computers

When thinking about the history of the computer and the Internet, it is observed that, despite
many devices appeared much earlier, they emerged around the 1940s
last century and were huge, occupying several square meters. These devices
went through a great evolution, which can be divided into generations. Each generation is
characterized by technological development in the way the computer operates,
resulting in increasingly smaller, more powerful, efficient, fast, and cheaper equipment.

First Generation (1940-1950) - It consists of all the computers built

based on vacuum tubes (electronic tubes the size of electric light bulbs,
used as internal components of the computer) and whose fundamental application is
in the scientific and military fields.

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Figure 2: Women operating the ENIAC in 1945, the computer

average 25m in length by 5.5m in height.

Second Generation (1951-1958) – It is the beginning of commercial computing; the year in which the
first commercial computer (UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer -
Universal Automatic Computer) was delivered to a client. In this generation, it still
used the vacuum valve.

Figure 3: UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer

Universal Automatic Computer
Third Generation (1959-1964) - The vacuum tube is replaced by the transistor,
a small device that transfers electronic signals through a resistor. The
areas of application during this time included, besides scientific and military, administrative and

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managerial, which, however, did not reach the general public.

Figure 4: IBM 7094

Fourth Generation (1965-1970) - In this generation, the most significant element is the
integrated circuit, which consists of a complete electronic circuit in a small
silicon chip. The chips showed reliability, small size, and low cost.

Figure 5: IBM 360 - One of the first

computers to use integrated circuits
Fifth Generation (1971–present) – The processor appears in 1971, which
consists of the inclusion of several specialized chips of a computer into a single one
integrated circuit. It is also around this time that the floppy disk begins to be used.
Disk) as a storage unit.

A story closer to us, end users, would be that of personal computers,

more accessible to the average user; a story that begins with the first personal computer
called MITS ALTAIR, built in 1975, and which evolved into personal computers that
we currently buy from computer stores.

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Figure 7: Apple II - First

Figure 6: 5 1/4 inch floppy disk microcomputador

So that you can dive into the history of personal computers and learn about the
life of Bill Gates (Microsoft) and Steve Jobs (Apple), watch the movie "Pirates of Silicon Valley"
silicon. This film depicts how Bill Gates and Steve Jobs founded their respective companies Microsoft and
Apple and the competition between the two, to see who would get ahead in the promising market.
from Information Technology, as well as the strategies they used to create their companies.

Classification of computers
To carry out a classification, it is necessary to adopt certain criteria.
classifications. In relation to computers, these criteria can be: purpose of use,
size, processing power, among others. However, there is no standardized criterion
for this purpose, and we cannot establish clearly distinct categories of computers,
since Computer Science is very dynamic. Thus, we choose to describe sets
of computers that have been used currently.

Personal Computers (PCs) - It is the

known microcomputer. A computer made for
home users in every aspect: size, price,
processing power, ease of use, among others.

Figure 8: Computer
Guys

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Laptops or Notebooks - Their main features

characteristics are the reduced dimensions and weights and, of course,
your portability, that is, the ease with which the user can move
with the equipment. These computers have autonomy
for a few hours of use, without needing to be connected to
electric grid. This is possible thanks to the use of batteries. The
laptops can compete with the resources of computers
personal. Figure 9: Laptop
(Notebook)
Handheld computers (from English handheld, which means
"hold with the hand") - The main characteristic of
handheld computers are of a very small size. They are
computers that fit in the palm of your hand. In this set of
computers enter the personal digital assistant
Digital Assistant - PDA), iPods, digital cameras and camcorders
portable digital devices, mobile phones, handheld games, player of
mp3, among other portable devices. The PDA is a handheld
used to control the schedule of activities and information
about commercial transactions, such as client names and
orders. Figure
10: Computer of
Mão
Mainframe (large-scale computers) - They are
large-scale computers, which require
a completely specific environment, in addition to
resources humans quite technicians e
specialized. That's why they are extremely high-performance machines.
cost and also of maintenance and operability
quite expensive, which makes them used
only by large corporations. They have a
extremely fast processing and the high
capacity for handling information.
Figure 11: Mainframe
The Computer Science
The concept of Computer Science can be understood as the automation of information, or
We call Informatics everything that uses information automatically, but not everyone
Informatics is always associated with the use of conventional computers.
There are, in everyday life, several examples of the use of Information Technology, without the use of
conventional computer. Imagine an automatic door of a shopping mall or a hotel.
As you approach, the door opens (via electronic sensors) and allows you to
In this case, after the data was collected by the sensor fixed to the door, the information was generated.

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that someone was wishing to enter. The information was processed automatically, that is,
computer science.
The term 'informatics' has its origins in the year 1957 when Karl Steinbuch published
an article called Computer Science: Automatic Information Processing
Automatic Information Processing). It is interesting to note that, in the Portuguese language, the
The word 'information' can be obtained by the contraction of the words INFO + formation.
AUTOMATIC.

Main uses of Computer Science

Below, we present how Information Technology and its tools can be used in
various areas:
In commerce, the use of Information Technology encompasses the areas of inventory management,
product cataloging, automatic management of sales and payment terminals,
all of this facilitated by the barcode present on most products,
among others.
In scientific research, Computing is used as support for calculations.
complex and time-consuming, for reading and automatic data processing, for
simulation of environments, among other items.
In banking activity, Information Technology is used to make financial projections.
account management and control of automatic terminals for updating
information, Homebank (access to information at home, via the internet), transactions
with debit and credit card and other services.
In agriculture, Information Technology can
contribute to an increase
significant in productivity, calculate
the cost per hectare, balancing feeds,
track animals, diagnose diseases,
control irrigation, check prices of
supplies, obtain better management
from the rural company and greater agility and
ease of obtaining information.
In education, educators use computational resources, such as
presentations and animations, to make the classes more interesting, besides
make use of specific applications in order to stimulate reasoning and the
students' critical thinking. They also use tools such as environments
virtual teaching, online discussion forums, among others.
The public sector uses computing in tax control,
issuance of statements, in service to citizens about the
provision of public services, in elections, among other activities.
In the transport sector, IT helps in monitoring

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air traffic, tracking of railway wagons, traffic light control in

cities, among others.
In tourism, computers are used for car rental, management of
hotels and travel agency, event planning, information about itineraries
touristic, accreditation and access control at events, among other items.
In healthcare, Informatics is used to monitor the health of patients, perform
disease diagnoses, manage medical records, carry out
mapping of the structure of viruses, among other examples.
Of course, computer science is applied in home security, to write letters.
electronics, to create household budgets and also for leisure and for
education.
As you can see today, computers and information technology are widespread.
all places. You will be taken, therefore, directly or indirectly, to interact with the
Computing, whether when crossing a street or when buying a product.
anyone. Therefore, it is very important that you learn to handle computers and with the
computers. After all, everything suggests that it will be so important in the near future.
how to know how to read and write, if you are no longer able to.

TO SUM UP...
The man needed to create mechanisms to store information about his day.
day.
The need arises to perform calculations and man creates a control system.
rudimentary.
The abacus emerges to facilitate the execution of mathematical operations.
The development of electronics makes it possible to create devices capable of
automate tasks performed by humans.
Computers have undergone significant technological advancements, facilitated
mainly by the following devices: vacuum valve, transistors, circuits
integrated circuits and microprocessors.
Computers can be classified as personal, notebooks or laptops, handheld.
handheld computers and mainframes.
Informatics is defined as the use of information in an automatic way.
In practically all fields of human activity, there is the use of Information Technology, whether
directly or indirectly.

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2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Hardware and software are the two fundamental parts of a computer. Next
Let's learn more about these two main aspects of a computer.

Hardware
It is the physical part of the computer. The word hardware is English and gives us the idea of a product.
solid and tangible, that is, they are the parts of the computer that you can see and touch, such as the
keyboard, mouse, and monitor. It's the part of the computer that makes you want to kick it when the
computer freezes.
CURIOSITY
The term 'crash', widely used in computer science, refers to the sudden stop of
computer operation due to some unexpected problem that can be caused
due to software or hardware failure of the computer. I hope your computer never
travel!

Software
Software is a program or set of instructions that allows the computer
execute a certain task. Software is an intellectual and intangible product, that is,
that we cannot touch. It's the part of the computer that, when it freezes, you can only talk to.
bad. There is no way to kick it. Examples of Software: Word, Excel, Paint, etc.;
CURIOSITY
The person who develops software is known as a programmer. For the creation of the
computer programs, programmers use algorithms. These algorithms are written
in a certain programming language.

Operating System
Not all software can interact directly with the hardware. For this,
there is a type of special software that acts as a layer of connection between the
machine (hardware) and the programs (softwares); it is called Operating System.
Example: to print a file, word processors send the file to
the Operating System sends it to the printer.
The main operating systems known in the market and their key features
characteristics will be presented later.
CONCEPT OF COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device with the ability to receive data,
process them, store them, and return them as information to the user.
By the definition of a computer, you can see that it is responsible for four
functions, considered basic, which are: input (that is, the reception of data),

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processing, storage, and output (i.e., the return of the processed data to
user). Let's see each of these functions below.
Input - Allows humans to communicate with the computer. When
you type a set of data – your name, the number of customers of a store
etc. - is using the input function. It is necessary to use some peripheral of
input to send data to the computer.
Processing - It is the main function of the computer. It is performed by the Un
Processing Center, the famous CPU (Keep this acronym, it will appear
again!), which is responsible for processing instructions, performing calculations and
manage the flow of information within the computer.
Storage - It is composed of storage devices that allow for
reading and/or writing of data. The computer uses the data obtained in these
devices to perform tasks. In general, these devices are called
memory.
Output - It is responsible for displaying the response of data processing to
user, that is, it allows the computer to communicate with the human being.

Figure 12: Basic Functions of the Computer

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How does the computer work?

Shall we follow the operation of a computer? What should the user do?
for the computer to execute any desired function? And what is its own role?
computer - hardware and software - in this process?
Initially, the user must use an input unit hardware to send
a data to the computer or request that some data be loaded from secondary memory.
This data goes to the Main Memory (MM), which is also known as RAM memory.
Random Access Memory (RAM) of the computer, as everything that
is being executed at a given moment by the computer has to be in the MP. AMP is a
storage device. Hence the Central Processing Unit (CPU, the acronym comes
The term in English (Central Processing Unit) communicates with the MP to fetch the data.
sent by the user and process them. After processing, the CPU returns the response to the
MP, which in turn provides the response for both the output units and for the
secondary memory.
You must have noticed that the computer, through the input units, receives
data, which, after being processed, are returned through the output units in format of
information. It is important to know how to differentiate data from information.
•Data: it is some type of material in disorganized format that means nothing.
isolated.
Information: Information is the result of transforming data into something useful.
for the user.
For example, if I say to you 'Thirty-five.', that is a data or a
Information? Can you understand the meaning of this text? No, because it lacks a complement.
something that makes this value make sense to you. So, thirty-five is a datum.
However, if I say: "This book has thirty-five pages.", the sentence now has
meaning. There is a context, something useful is transmitted to the receiver. So, the “thirty and
"five" becomes information.

File Measurement Units

Just as we use units to measure weight or distance, such as kg and
We need units to know the size of certain files in our
computer. This becomes essential when we need to install a new program on
our machine or copy files such as music to it; it is important that we know how much
o programa a ser instalado irá ocupar ou o tamanho necessário para armazenar os arquivos a
they will be copied. This way we can know if the hard drive of our machine will be able to
support the program to be installed or if there is enough space to store the files
they will be copied.
For this, they created the units - Bit, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte,
represented in table 2.1.

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Quantity Unit Nomenclature Details

8 bits 1B Byte -
1024 Bytes 1 KB Kilobyte Approximately One Thousand Bytes
1024 Kilobytes 1 MB Megabyte Approximately 1 Million Bytes
1024 Megabytes 1 GB Gigabyte Approximately 1 Billion Bytes
1024 Gigabytes 1 TB Terabyte Approximately 1 Trillion Bytes
Table 1: Computer Measurement Units
A simple and practical way to convert units is to use figure 2.2.

Figure 13: Conversion of

Units

Typical hardware of a computer

Cabinet
It is a metal box that serves to organize and protect the main components of the
computer. For personal computers, we basically find two types of models
of cabinets: tower and desktop. The tower model is the most common, presenting itself in the form
vertical, while the desktop is in horizontal form.

Figure 14: Open tower cabinet, for the

instalação de um novo sistema de resfriamento.
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Motherboard
Printed circuit board that houses the processor and contains slots for the
connection of other input, output, and storage hardware. The motherboard is responsible
to interconnect each of the computer devices. There are several manufacturers and
motherboard models. A good computer should have a quality motherboard that
perform well. A computer's motherboard, according to its specifications,
define how much this computer can evolve, that is, how much it can have its
improved performance. Every personal computer requires a motherboard to operate.
mother.
CURIOSITY
Have you heard of an upgrade? In computing, the term upgrade is used to designate the
action to improve the computer's performance, usually carried out through purchase
of newer and more powerful parts.

Figure 15: The motherboard of a computer.

A – Socket for the processor. Place where it is inserted.

B - Slots for RAM memory (main memory)
C – Slot for video card
D - Slots for other components

Expansion card: It serves to allow us to add new features to.

computer. These boards must be connected to the existing expansion slots
on the motherboard. In general, these boards are for: network, sound, video, fax-modem, TV,
video capture, among others.
Expansion slots: It is a location on the motherboard where expansion cards are placed.
they can be fitted. Some people refer to the slots as sockets or
barragens. There are several types of slots, such as ISA, PCI, AGP, and PCI
Express.
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU

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is located on the motherboard and is responsible for all processing of

computer. Everything depends on the CPU: providing data, retrieving and processing
information etc. The CPU is an integrated circuit built on a very thin piece
of silicon. Inside it, thousands or even millions of transistors are housed and
interconnected to the outside world by thin aluminum wires.
ATTENTION!
Many people who are not familiar with computers, due to ignorance, end up calling the case
of the CPU, but that is incorrect! In fact, the central processing unit is one of the
various components that are located inside the cabinet.
Processors exist not only in computers; we can find them
microprocessors in microwaves, remote controls, among other electronic devices.
A CPU can be divided into three main parts: control unit, unit
logical-arithmetic and registers. The Control Unit has as its main function to control
the computer cycle. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs the four operations
basic mathematics (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and logical comparisons
(equality, less than, greater than). The Registers consist of a small amount of
internal memory in the CPU to keep temporary data.

Power Supply
It aims to receive the electrical network voltage (110 or 220 volts in current)
alternating) and generate direct current voltages necessary for the operation of the panels of
computer
EXPLANATORY
The electric current we receive is called alternating current. Some electrical appliances,
however, they depend on another type of current, direct current. We define it as
electric current (or galvanic current) a constant and orderly flow of electrons in a
unique direction. In alternating current, the magnitude and direction of the flow of electrons vary
cyclically. Thus, only direct current has positive and negative poles.

Stabilizer
Equipment that protects the computer from fluctuations in the electrical network that, in general,
happen during storms. It also serves to mitigate interference, drops in
voltage and other anomalies in the electrical network. Typically made up of a fuse of
protection and a network voltage selector switch. It is strongly recommended that the cable of
Energy that comes from the power supply should be connected to a stabilizer instead of being connected directly.
directly into the socket of your residence or office.

No-break
It is a device that replaces the stabilizer and, in addition, prevents your computer
turn off in case of total power failure. An uninterruptible power supply has a battery that is

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able to keep a computer running for a few hours. The exact time
It depends on the capacity of the UPS and the consumption of the computer.

In summary...
On a completely normal day, you use computers intensively.
Hardware and software are the two fundamental parts of a computer.
Hardware is the mechanical and physical part of the machine, along with its electronic components.
Software is a program or set of instructions that allows the computer
execute a certain task.
A computer is an electronic device with the capability to receive data,
process them, store them and return them as information to the user.
The computer, through input units, receives data that, after being processed,
are returned through the output units in information format.
For a given data to be processed, it needs to go through the main memory.
Dado is some type of material in a disorganized form that means nothing.
in isolation.
Information is the result of transforming data into something useful for the user.
A bit is the smallest unit of information that a computer can store.
A set of 8 bits gathered with a single identity forms a byte.
Some important hardware components of the computer are: motherboard, CPU, case, power supply.
feeding, uninterruptible power supply, voltage stabilizer and expansion cards.
The motherboard is responsible for interconnecting all the devices of the computer.
The CPU is responsible for executing all the instructions of the computer.

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3. THE PERIPHERALS
In Chapter 2 you learned that the computer performs four basic functions:
input, storage, processing, and output. You saw that there are hardware devices that enable
for the computer to perform each of these functions.
You also learned which hardware performs one of these four functions: processing.
Next, we will study those who perform the other three basic functions. We will present to you the
peripherals and storage hardware.

Main input peripherals

Input peripherals are used so that users can send data to the
computer. It is the way that humans and computers have to communicate. If
considering the various uses in our daily lives, in industrial automation and in many
In other sectors, the list of input devices is incalculable.
In many homes in the US, there is a smoke detector to prevent fires. There
cars that have devices that detect the distance between are also common
bumper and the wall or the closest car, which helps when parking. The doors
of some larger commercial establishments such as shopping centers, hospitals,
airports etc. open when someone approaches. All these devices are connected to
a computer, and they are responsible for data input. Can you identify which
data is acquired by such devices? The presence of smoke, the distance of objects or
close people, all are data that will be interpreted by specific computers. But
How does it work like in a general-purpose personal computer? Which parts are vital for its
minimum operation, and which ones are relatively 'dispensable' or optional?
In the following sections, you will get to know the most common input peripherals in
computers.

Keyboard
The keyboard is the main device for inputting data into a microcomputer. Its
the basic purpose is to allow the typing of letters, numbers, and special symbols. Through
special movement keys, the keyboard allows the user to move around
documents, programs, and windows of the operating system. The number of keys of a
the keyboard can vary from 80 to 120.

Mouse
One of the most important inventions to be used in graphical environments was the
mouse. Its purpose is to allow faster navigation through programs and windows,
serving as a shortcut for commands usually executed via the keyboard. The
Macintosh, launched in 1984, was the first microcomputer to use a mouse, due to its graphic interface.
There are three types of mouse:

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•Mechanic - Has a sphere at its bottom. When moved over

a smooth surface, this sphere activates mechanical sensors that send an impulse
electric for the CPU, which, in turn, through the operating system,
move the mouse pointer on the screen.
Optomechanical - Similar to mechanical, but uses optical sensors to detect
the movement.
Optical - Uses a laser to detect mouse movement.

Devices similar to the mouse:

Trackball: The trackball functions as an inverted mouse, as the ball is located on the
top. You don't need to move the trackball, just rest your hand or the
fingers on the sphere and move it. This type of mouse is preferred for being more
ergonomic, that is, it does not strain the arm muscles and prevents injuries.
•Touchpad - Very popular in laptops. To move the cursor, the user
slide your finger over the surface of the device. The cursor follows the
movement, and you can even click on the surface itself, as if it were the button of the
conventional mouse.
•Gamepad - This type of peripheral sends positioning data to the
computer. It is very similar to game controller joysticks. Although it is
most used in games, can replace the mouse.

Scanner
The scanner is a type of device that converts images into digital files.
Image scanners use lights and sensors to sweep the image that you want to copy and detect.
light reflection patterns. The images are converted to a bitmap (bitmap) that
consists of a mesh of points. There are OCR scanners (Optical Character Recognition–
Optical Character Recognition) that can digitize text documents, or
be, read the text of a printed document and convert it into a text file.

Optical reader and magnetic reader

The optical reader converts printed information manually or mechanically into
data for the computer.
There are three methods of optical recognition. They are:
OMR (Optical Mark Reader – Optical Mark Recognition): the
marks are placed in specific areas of a document. Example: cards
lottery, answer sheets for public competitions and entrance exams.
•OCR (Optical Character Recognition): typed characters are read or
prints.
Barcode reader: through a beam of light, it reads numbers.
encoded in the form of bars. Example: inventory control and sales of

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goods in supermarkets.

Voice response systems

It is one of the main systems used by telephone and cable television operators,
credit card, among other companies that offer customer service via
phone. This type of system consists of acquiring, through the customer's speech, the data of
necessary input to the computer.
See if the following situation is not familiar:

Figure 16: Voice response system

When you respond, your voice is captured by the system and the spoken number is identified.
There are other voice recognition systems, such as recognition of
cursor movement on the screen: you tell where the cursor should move and it obeys; or
Even text recognition! You speak and the computer writes.
Video camera (webcam)
Using a video camera, the user can provide a video as input.
input for a computer. The image captured by the camera can be stored or sent
in real time to another user, in a video conference.
LEARN MORE...
Video conferencing: A computer tool that allows discussion with contact.
visual and sound between people who are in geographically different places. How the
Image and sound are transmitted almost in real time, the videoconference provides the
the feeling that the interlocutors are in the same place. In addition to communication
visual and auditory, many videoconferencing programs also allow the exchange of
files, making it a great work tool. Watch the video at the address
electronic [Link] which exemplifies the use of
videoconference.

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Main output peripherals

A CPU has the job of processing the received data in order to present it to
User. The visualization of information is done through data output devices. Let's see
any examples?

CRT Monitor (Cathode Ray Tube)

A video monitor, or simply monitor, is the output device of the computer.
that serves as a visual interface for the user. It allows for the visualization of the data and its
interaction with them. The monitors are classified according to the technology of
video sampling used in image formation. Currently, there are two technologies:
•CRT: it is the conventional monitor. Its operation is based on repeated
electron shots made by a cannon, which is located in the ray tube
cathodic. The emitted electrons hit the surface of the screen making contact
with a material called phosphorus. With this contact, a light is generated in this
point. With this, the images are generated on the screen.
•LCD: it is a more modern type of technology for building monitors. It is not
for specific use in computers. You can find this type of technology in
laptops, cell phones, digital cameras, among other devices.

Printers
The printer is a fundamental means of displaying your data, reports, and documents.
There are basically three types of commercial printers nowadays:
Matrix - It is an impact printer, that is, there is contact between the head of
printing and the sheet. A print head moves pressing a ribbon with ink,
that, when touching the paper, marks it.
Main advantages: cheap printing ribbon; can print multiple copies of a
only once.
Main disadvantages: low-quality printing, very noisy, quite
slow and does not print in color.
Inkjet – Performs a print that does not use impact, meaning there is no contact.
between a print head and the paper. The print head (which contains the ink)
it moves across the page and at each small point of printing the ink is sprayed onto the paper.
Main advantages: color printing and low printer price.
Main disadvantages: the print takes a long time to dry, which may smudge; printing
slow compared to the laser printer; constant maintenance due to the ink
liquid dirtying the printer etc.
Laser - It performs printing that does not use impact. It is a type of printer that produces
high-quality results for those who want graphic design or text, using the
laser technology. This printer uses modulated laser beam for printing and sends
the information for a drum, through laser beams. The mode of operation is very

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similar to that of photocopiers.

Main advantages: high quality and fast printing.
•Main disadvantages: the printer's price is much higher than that of others,
mainly if it is a color laser printer.

Datashow
The image projector is a device used to project data in the form of images.
transmitted by the computer's video output. Allows for the projection of slides or videos,
thus becoming an excellent tool for making class presentations and lectures.

Main input and output peripherals

There are some peripherals that can perform both input and output functions.
data output. Let's mention two that are the most used.

Monitor touchscreen
It is the monitor whose screen is touch-sensitive either by the user's finger or by a pen.
special. In this way, the user can send a command to the computer via the monitor.
This type of monitor is mainly found in some bank ATMs, in
laptops, handheld computers (palmtops), mobile phones, and many others.

Modem
Its name comes from the abbreviation of MOdulator/DEModulator. Its purpose is
converts digital signals from the micro into analog signals and vice versa. The modem is used for
that the computer can connect to the internet. The most traditional type of modem is the one that
convert the 0s and 1s of computers into sounds that can be transmitted over a network
telephone.
There are other types of modems, more modern and consequently faster; they are
these are the ADSL modem (or DSL modem) and the Cable modem known as broadband modem
long. The ADSL modem also uses the telephone network for data transmission, however
uses a type of technology that allows the phone to be used at the same time in
that the internet, that is, does not occupy the phone line. On the other hand, the Cable modem uses the infrastructure
from the cable television network to carry out data transmissions.
Another type of modem that has been used recently is the Wireless modem, which
In the market, it is usually called a minimodem. It is offered by telecommunications companies.
This modem uses wireless network technology to connect the computer directly to
Internet access provider. It has the advantage of allowing computer mobility; in
Meanwhile, in terms of speed, it is comparable to a traditional modem.

Main storage hardware

Storage devices are used for the computer to store

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the data sent by the user and processed by the CPU. We will see that storage can
be permanent or temporary, depending on the device used.

Hard disk or HD (Hard Disk) (or secondary memory)

As we have seen, the processor is the hardware that actually executes our commands. These
orders are processed in main memory. The hard drive, after all, is the place where these
information is stored at the end of the process, permanently. And if the hard drive is
the place where the information is stored is also on the hard drive that the computer
find and read the information that will be processed.
This information is stored in the form of files, which are the unit of
information storage on disk. The files can be programs, texts, databases
of data, documents, music, videos, images, among others. Their sizes also
vary.
When the processor reads a file from the hard drive, it is stored
temporarily in the main memory. The file is not moved there: it just is
loaded so that it can be executed by the processor. Once loaded you can
print it, alter it, or simply close it without making any modifications.
The term 'secondary memory' is not exclusively synonymous with HD. In fact, any
another memory aside from the computer's main memory can be called memory
secondary. The main characteristic of secondary memory is permanent storage
two dice.
The operation of inserting a file into the hard drive is called 'saving', and removing a file
it's called 'exclude' or 'delete'.
The evolution of hard drives means that their capacity increases every year. There are
old winchesters (synonymous with hard drive) in the order of megabytes, those from the beginning of the century
XXI, in the order of gigabytes, and those at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century, which support
terabytes.
ATTENTION!
1 terabyte = 1024 gigabytes = 1048576 megabytes, that is, the storage capacity
the current hard drive is about a million times that of a Winchester drive
1950s. Amazing technology, isn't it?

RAM memory
RAM memory is a fundamental component of the computer (from English Random
Access Memory, or Random Access Memory). The term random means that this
memory can be accessed in any order, not requiring purely sequential access
sequential.
RAM (also known as Main Memory or MM) is like the 'place
of work" of the processor. It is in the RAM that the processor performs its tasks, defined
in programs, for example. When we turn on our computer and run a program,
the processor temporarily stores it in the MP, to better handle its instructions.

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RAM is also called volatile memory because the data that is stored
they are not saved when we turn off the computer. If we want to save these
data, we need to save them in a secondary memory. RAM is therefore used for
immediate work.
As the RAM is the workplace of the CPU, to have a good computer
It is necessary to have a good amount of RAM.
RAM memory is sold in memory sticks. It is important to remember that the
the maximum amount of RAM that a computer can have depends on the
the motherboard's capacity to support RAM.

Flash memory
Flash memory is a rewritable chip that preserves its content without the need
from a power supply. Therefore, it is not volatile. The most common example is the Pen Drive, which is
a storage device with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connection
Serial Universal) type A, with an appearance similar to a lighter or keychain. It is plugged into
USB input from the computer is automatically recognized by Windows XP.
Other devices that use flash memory are: MP3 players, iPods, and memory cards.
memory used in digital cameras.

Compact disc
It consists of a compact disc (CD - Compact Disc - Compact Disc) that can
can hold up to 700 MB of data. There are some distinct types of CD. The most common are:
CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory: Compact Disc Memory)
Read-Only): it is a CD that the user can only execute, that is, read the
its content. Cannot be recorded. This type of CD comes factory-recorded, in
general, with software and music.
CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable): is a CD that
allows the user to save data, but once that data has been saved it cannot
it can be more faint.
CD-RW (Compact Disc ReWritable): it is the rewritable CD.
rewritable. It is possible to record, erase, and rewrite on the same CD.

DVD
It consists of a disc with a shape identical to that of a CD. However, the DVD (Digital
Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc - Digital Video Disc) is a type of media
storage with a capacity much greater than the CD. It is a media of great quality for
videos and multimedia resources in general. This is their main use nowadays, especially due to
film industry.
The storage capacity of DVDs can vary depending on the types: DVD-5
(4.7 GB), or DVD-9 (8.5 GB), DVD-10 (9.4 GB), or DVD-14 (13.2 GB) and DVD-18 (17 GB).

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Blu Ray
Also known as BD (for Blu-ray Disc), it is a new optical disc format.
generation of 12 cm in diameter (like the CD and the DVD) for high definition video and
high-density data storage. It is a successor to the DVD and capable of storing
movies up to 1080p Full HD of up to 4 hours without losses. Requires a full HD LCD or plasma TV
the LED to explore its full potential.
Its capacity ranges from 25 (single layer) to 50 (dual layer) Gigabytes. The disk
Blu-Ray uses a blue-violet laser, whose wavelength is 405 nanometers.
allowing to record more information on a disk of the same size used by technologies
previous ones (the DVD uses a red laser of 650 nanometers).
BD discs come in different formats:
•BD-ROM: A disc that is read-only;
BD-R: Writable disc;
BD-RE: Rewritable disc.

Figure 17: Blu Ray

Differences between Blu-ray and DVD

Blu-ray DVD
Capacity 23.3 / 25 / 27 GB (Single Layer) 4.7 GB (Single Layer)
(storage) 46.6 / 50 / 54 GB (Double Layer) 8.5GB (Double Layer)
Wavelength of
405 nm 650 nm
Laser Beam
Transfer Rate 54.0 MB/s bits? 11.1 MB/s
Supported Formats MPEG-2, MPEG-4AVC, VC-1 MPEG-2
Tabela 2: Diferençãs entre o Blu-ray e o DVD

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Floppy disk
It is a removable magnetic disk. A 3 1⁄2 floppy disk can hold up to 1.44 MB.
Currently, the floppy disk is outdated due to its low storage capacity.
data and also to the ease of being damaged or lost.

IN SUMMARY...
Peripherals are hardware devices that enable user interaction with the computer.
The main objective of a peripheral is to increase interaction capabilities.
computer with the user.
Input peripherals are used by users so that they can send
given to the computer.
The keyboard is the main device for data input in a microcomputer.
The "visualization" of information is done through data output peripherals.
There are some peripherals that can perform both input and output functions.
data output.
There are some peripherals that can perform both input and output functions.
data output.
Storage devices are used for the computer to
store the data sent by the user and processed by the CPU.
Main memory provides temporary storage of data, while the
secondary memory offers permanent storage.

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4. OPERATING SYSTEMS
As you saw in Chapter 3, for the hardware (physical part of a computer)
it can work, it is necessary to have a number of rules and orders that coordinate all the
processes performed. We call this set of rules and orders software.
On a computer there are various software programs, all ready to meet the
needs of computer users. For example, a user may need to view
An image, editing a text, etc. Each user's need is met by software.
specific. However, the software uses the same physical devices, that is, the hardware
of the computer.
An image viewer software needs to use RAM and access the disk.
rigid. A text editor software too! It also needs to use the peripherals of
input and output. This can lead the software to a dispute over the right to use the hardware.
For example, two softwares may want to send data to the printer at the same time.
So, how does it work out?
It is at this point that the Operating System (OS) comes in. The OS is a layer of software.
existing between the hardware and the APPLICATIONS. Thus, the OS controls what each program
is accessing, being responsible for a fair and efficient distribution of resources
hardware for the software.
APPLICATIONS
Programs that perform tasks for users.
In this way, we say that the OS consists of a layer of software that aims to
make computer use more efficient and convenient. To achieve your goal, the OS
establishes a scheme for allocating processor, memory, and input and output peripherals
among the programs that need to use these resources.
Every program needs, to be executed:
use a certain amount of memory;
use the CPU;
to have access to peripherals;
access the necessary files.
ATTENTION
It is the operating system that manages all access to the computer's resources for each
one of the programs running.
The programs that can be used by users are called applications. For
example: word processors, spreadsheets, games, among others. As for the set of
essential programs for the functioning of the system are known as software
basic. The operating system is the main program of this set. Examples of systems
operating systems are: Windows, Linux, Mac-OS, Unix, MS-DOS etc.
In this section, you will learn the basics about the main operating systems.

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existing in the market.

Windows
It is the most widely used operating system in the world today, developed by
Microsoft company. Its origin is linked to the operating system MS-DOS (the acronym means
MicroSoft - Disk Operating System, from English, which means disk operating system). If
Did you watch the movie 'Pirates of Silicon Valley,' which was recommended in one of the classes?
previous ones, you surely remember this fact.
When Windows emerged, it was not considered an operating system. It was what
we call shell (from English, shell) for MS-DOS, that is, a layer of software
added to make the operating system easier for the user to use. In MS-
In DOS, the user had to give instructions in a command line.

Figure 18: The good old MS-DOS. In it, the user had to
insert textual command lines to execute the functions. See
how that changed when we moved to graphical interfaces!

The main differentiator of Windows that made it simple to use was the
graphical interface (GUI - Graphics User Interface, in English, which means graphical interface
for the user) that replaced the command line. The GUI composed of windows, icons, and menus
made the use of the computer much easier and more intuitive.
LEARN MORE...
The replacement of the MS-DOS command line with the window interface is the main
characteristic of the OS Windows. Hence the name: Windows, which in English means 'windows'.
The desktop is the initial screen where windows are displayed,
icons, menus, and dialog boxes. See the Windows desktop in figure 4.2.

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The desktop icons represent programs that can be run by giving-

double-click on the respective icon. At the bottom of the desktop, there is the Start menu
taskbar. When you click on the Start menu, a POP-UP MENU opens with
various options. See in figure 4.2.
LEARN MORE...
The term pop-up comes from English and means 'to appear'. In the context of computing, the term
POP-UP MENU refers to a menu that contains options and commands related to
specific object. Except for the Start menu, you access the pop-up menu of the objects
by means of a right mouse button.

Figure 19: Windows workspace, after the user clicks on the

Start menu.

The displayed menu provides quick access to most of the computer's most useful items.
You can click on Help and Support to learn how to use Windows, get information
about problem solving, receiving support, and much more. When you click on All
Programs, a list of the programs installed on the computer is opened. Among the others.
possible options from the Start menu, we highlight My Computer, which is the place that allows
access to storage devices: hard drive, floppy disk, CD, among others. See the
figure 4.3.
Another option that is essential for you to know is to Turn Off the Computer, which
allows Windows to shut down properly. See figure 4.4:

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Figure 20: Screen of the My Computer feature.

Figure 21: Turning off Windows.

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Linux
The Linux operating system was initially developed by a student named
Linus Torvalds, who decided to build an operating system from scratch.
after completing an initial version, Linus announced Linux on an online discussion list.
so, several other students became interested in the project and started to develop new ones
features for Linux. Currently, thousands of programmers contribute to the
the advancement of Linux, and nowadays it is one of the main competitors of Windows.
An operating system has a very important part, which is the kernel (the core of
system), which is responsible for the main functions. The Linux operating system is
characterized by having several distributions. Each distribution offers a version
diferente do kernel, acrescida de um conjunto de softwares e uma interface de instalação.
Examples of distributions are: Ubuntu, Redhat, Debian, Slackware, Conectiva, Kurumin,
among others. The last two are Brazilian distributions. The choice of which distribution
use is made according to the user's preference and the intended purpose of use
computer.
In figure 4.5 we have a photo of the desktop of the Kurumin distribution of Linux.
Notice that it has icons and a taskbar very similar to Windows. In addition,
So, if the user clicks the button that has the letter K in the bottom left of the area
work, a pop-up menu will open and provide various applications for him
utilize.

Figure 22: Kurumin distribution workspace.

In figure 4.6, we have the file manager of Kurumin (konqueror). It can be

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accessed when the user clicks on the house icon located on the bottom left of the
workspace. In this manager, the user can access the storage hardware.
connected to the microcomputer to manage their files.

Figure 23: Screen of the My Computer feature.

Mac OS
It is the operating system developed by Apple Computer. It was introduced in 1984.
together with the Macintosh computer. It was the operating system that introduced the interface
graphical user interface (GUI), making the interaction of the user with the computer much more pleasant.
Many users believe that nowadays Mac OS is easier to use than its
competitors.
Figure 4.7 illustrates the Mac OS desktop. Just like in Windows, we can see the
icons and files present on the desktop. At the top is the menu bar, in the
On the right side, system date and time information can be seen. On the side
On the left, we have information about the software that is active at that moment. In the part
Various application software that the user can run appear below.
An essential application that you should know about on Mac OS is Finder, as it is the
first application that the user has to interact with as soon as they log in (has
access) on Mac OS. The Finder can be considered the graphical interface of the file system.
do Mac OS. In this way, users can use it to access the devices of

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storage connected to the computer.

Figure 24: Desktop of Mac OS.

Figure 4.8 shows the window related to the Finder. Note that, on the left side of the window
From Finder, the user has access to the existing devices on the computer.

F
Figure 25: Image of the Finder software.

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5. INTERNET
I bet you have heard of the internet! It is possible to assert this with some certainty,
given the significant growth in the use of the internet in Brazil in recent years. According to
o site internet World Stats (Statistics World Cups about internet –
In 2000, only 2.9% of the Brazilian population
they had internet access. In 2008, the value increased to 34.4%! I can also affirm that
You may have heard that the internet is great for chatting, flirting, and doing research.
for the school, exchanging correspondence, among many other functions. But how will this be
Does it work? How can this so-called 'global network' perform, or allow things to be done
all these things? After all, what is the internet?

Figure 26: Connected people

The internet is the largest computer network in the world. The name internet has its origin
in the term INTERconnection NETwork, that is, interconnection of networks. Therefore, the internet
consists of thousands of networks connected all over the planet. These interconnected networks
are configured in such a way that users can see this set of networks as
if it were only a single large network.
The internet does not have an owner. Each government, company, or organization is responsible.
for the maintenance of its own network. The Network Information Center (InterNIC) is the body
world responsible for the registration of computers and networks connected to the internet. Each country
there is a local entity responsible for the data of that region. In Brazil, this entity is
The Internet Steering Committee in Brazil (CGI), through the Information Nucleus and
Coordination of Ponto br (NIC-BR) and [Link].

MULTIMEDIA

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For more information, visit the websites:

How to connect to the internet?

A computer can be connected to the internet through various means. Have you heard of it?
What do you suspect are the ways in which the internet can reach your home or to
your job? Considering the main residential connection methods, we can think of:
telephone line, cable, ADSL and wireless.

Connection via telephone line (dial-up access)

It is the most common form of connection in Brazil. It was the main form of access used.
while the internet was becoming popular. Physically, the user just needs to connect a card to
modem on your computer and the modem card, in turn, to the telephone line.

Fig
User using access
In this type of connection, it is necessarydiscado
for the user to subscribe to a provider's service.
access, as it is through this provider that the user's computer will connect to the internet.
There are thousands of access providers, including many of them for free. It is recommended
that the user uses an access provider from their region, as this way they will use a connection
local. In dial-up access, the telephone line remains busy during the connection; therefore, the
the user has to pay the phone company for all the minutes they were connected.
the speed of this connection can generally reach up to 56 kb/s.
ATTENTION!
Tip: From 2 PM on Saturday until 6 AM on Monday, as well as every day from midnight to 6 AM, and during
on all national holidays, the telephone operators generally charge only the
equivalent to one telephone pulse for each connection, regardless of the time used.
This greatly reduces the cost for those who use dial-up internet during this time!

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LEARN MORE...
Connection speeds: In computing, the term 'data transmission rate' is
used to indicate the speed at which data is transmitted. The unit of measurement
it's the number of bits per second (bps or b/s); in general, we use some prefix before the b.
as described in the table below:

ADSL Connection (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
It is also considered broadband. In this connection, telephone exchanges are used.
digital for high-speed data traffic. The necessary equipment includes a card
of the network and an ADSL modem. The telephone line is used for data traffic, but not
stay busy.

Figure 28: User using connection

ADSL
It is not necessary to pay for the time you were connected. However, it is
it is necessary to have a dial-up access provider, in addition to the ADSL service provider (in
in some cases, the same company provides both services). In this connection, the user pays
a monthly fee according to the speed of the service you subscribe to. There are various
possible speeds: 256kb/s, 400kb/s, 1Mb/s, 2Mb/s, 4Mb/s, 8Mb/s, among others.

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Connection via electromagnetic waves

Figure 29: User using a wireless connection

It is a type of wireless connection. It is widely used in places where setting up a
structure with cables is difficult or financially unfeasible: old or historical buildings,
properties distant from large urban centers, rural properties, among others. In this
In this case, electromagnetic waves are used as a means of data transmission. Therefore, the
Basic equipment of this type of connection includes antennas and/or satellites. The use of
telephone line. On the computer, a compatible wireless network card is required
with the technology used. In this connection, the speed varies according to the technology
used and how much speed the user contracts from the wireless access provider. In
the most common technology, which is 802.11b/g, can reach speeds up to 54Mb/s.
The cost of the service is the amount paid to the wireless access operator. It is important to emphasize
that there are other types of wireless data transmission methods that are not waves
electromagnetic, such as infrared, widely used in remote controls.

Wired connection
It is a type of connection considered broadband (high-speed connection),
cable TV structure for internet connection, so it is not necessary to have a landline
telephone. In this case, the equipment used is a network card (so that a computer
can be interconnected with other computers) and a device called cable modem (modem
via cable), which is a device to provide broadband access by facilitating data traffic
through the cable TV system). In theory, speeds of up to 38 Mb/s can be achieved in the standard.
DOCSIS 2.0 in this connection. It happens that, in practice, all users in the same
segments of the cable share the same connection. As more users
staying online (active on the network), the speed of each one decreases.
Depending on the type of subscription chosen by the user, cable internet can be
so fast that it allows the use of games, with great performance!

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Internet services (world wide web and email

electronic)
The two most popular services offered by the internet to users are known
like www and e-mail. But at this moment, you would be absolutely right to ask:
Wait a minute, teacher! Stop everything! You mean that www and the internet are not the same thing?
No, they are not! Let's see that the www (from English world wide web, global reach web)
it is one of the many services that the internet offers, just like sending electronic messages
(electronic mail, e-mail), also called electronic mail. Other services also
there are, such as: file transfer, online chat, instant messaging
(msn, icq, skype), among others.

Www (from English world wide web, global web)

It is the service responsible for the popularity that the internet has gained in recent years,
due to the graphical interface used and the large amount of information available. The www
consists of a huge set of documents stored on computers all over the
planet. These documents are called web pages and are composed of sounds, images,
animations, videos, HYPERTEXT etc.
HYPERTEXT: In computing, it is a highlighted text that, when clicked, takes the user
to another webpage on the internet or a different part of the same webpage. In
In general, when the mouse pointer hovers over a hyperlink, a hand icon appears.
indicating that the user can click on that item.

What is needed to browse the www?

The terms 'navigate' and 'surf' are often used by internet users to
indicate the action of using the service www. To browse the web, it is necessary for the user to have
a computer connected to the internet and that has software that performs the function of
web browser or browser. There are various software programs that perform this function,
such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Opera.

How to navigate the web using a browser?

Once the computer is connected to the internet, just open the web browser and,
in the address bar, type in the location where it says address or url (Uniform
Resource Locator - Uniform Resource Locator), the full name of the web page that
if you want to access and then press the Enter key on the keyboard. The name or address of the page
the web, in general, is already known to the user or is provided to them by some
media: a flyer, an advertisement on the radio or TV, among others. In case the user does not know
what is the address of the site (synonym for web page) you want to access, he can go to sites
special ones called "search engines," which indicate website addresses according to
any word or phrase typed. Examples of search engine sites are [Link],
[Link]

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ATTENTION!
But what about that email? Email is a particular way of exchanging on the internet.
messages. But not everything is just joy. We will see the various advantages and conveniences.
how to use e-mail and also the harms it can bring to your computer
next class.

Internet security
Due to malicious programs that are spread across the internet, it is necessary that the
users protect their computer from potential invaders. The crackers (term in English for
os tais invasores, ou “vândalos” da internet) podem tentar capturar senhas, número de cartão
credit, confidential data, delete files, misconfigure a computer or a website.

Figure 30: Viruses being propagated

through email
There is no way to completely prevent malware. However,
there exists a set of good practices, that is, rules to be followed to avoid problems in
Let's check the main best security practices you should follow:

Passwords
The password should be easy for you to remember. However, it is important that the
user do not use obvious data, such as your birth date or that of family members, the
license plate of your vehicle, your phone number, your document numbers
personal and names in general.
It is important that you do not use words that exist in dictionaries, regardless of any.
language, as there are computer programs that use dictionaries to try
discover passwords.
You must create a password with at least 8 characters that mixes letters.
uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols.
You should have several passwords, according to the number of accounts you have; of that
In case any of them is discovered, the other accounts will be protected.

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You should change your password periodically. If you use a password with a
daily frequency, it is advisable that you change it every two months or less. If the
usage is not so frequent, it can be changed every three or four months. And if you
If you suspect any intruder, change your password immediately!

Use of antivirus program

They use software developed to detect, nullify, and eliminate from a computer.
virus and other malwares. To check for the existence of malwares, it is necessary for the antivirus
scan the existing files in the locations (hardware of
user-defined storage. In this scan, the antivirus uses a database
called "definition list." This list contains information for the antivirus to be able to
identify which files are good and which are infected with malicious code. Therefore,
It is necessary for you to keep this list of definitions always updated! There are also
antivirus that are capable of finding malware through pattern identification
suspicious behavior in the software. When malware is found, the antivirus tries
recover the file, that is, remove the virus from the file. If this is not possible, the
options are to delete the infected file or to quarantine it, which is a folder
especially where the antivirus stores malicious files that could not be disinfected.
The files in this folder become inaccessible to other programs, preventing the
malware se espalhe. Um antivírus não é capaz de detectar 100% das pragas existentes. Esse
the problem, however, should not be solved by installing another antivirus, as this, generally,
it will double the number of false positives (a file will be marked as contaminated
erroneously), errors, conflicts and will cause a drop in the computer's performance.
If your antivirus claims that a certain file is a virus and you want a second opinion
opinion, visit the website [Link]. There you can submit your file to
analysis in various antivirus programs simultaneously, which will help in your decision.

Use of a personal firewall

An antivirus is incapable of preventing an intruder from trying to exploit vulnerabilities.
existing on a computer. For this, the use of a personal firewall is necessary, which is a
software that controls the flow of data entering and exiting your computer, allowing
you blocking certain accesses according to a security policy. The policy of
security defines what is safe for that computer. Using a personal firewall, a
the user can be alerted about connection attempts, set which installed programs
can access the local network or the internet, among other activities.

Use of anti-spyware
It is a specific software for spyware detection. It works in the same way as the
antivirus, however scans the input data from the network blocking the
spyware. Anti-spyware is also capable of detecting and deleting already existing spywares.

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existing on the computer, just like the antivirus does with other malware. You must
verify the legitimacy of the anti-spyware before installing it on your computer, as there are
false anti-spywares, which end up doing the opposite of what was promised.
After all, when using a computer, we are vulnerable to all malware, there is no way to
ensure that we will always be safe in the use of computer science. Thus, the best
Precaution is to use the computer, especially the internet, consciously, avoiding
to enter questionable content sites and click on suspicious links. A good internet user is
the one who clicks on the links only with the security and certainty that the link is from a
reliable source.
For more information on good internet conduct rules, access the booklet of
Internet security [Link] developed by [Link] (Center for
Studies, Response, and Treatment of Security Incidents in Brazil), maintained by [Link]
Information and Coordination Center of the Point br.
Currently, the use of services offered by the internet is already part of the daily lives of everyone.
the medium and large companies and most small businesses, regardless of their
area of expertise. Thus, for you to achieve and maintain a good position in
companies, it is important to be able to use the potential offered by the internet. And
who knows how to do this very safely so as not to compromise the information, software and
hardware you will be dealing with.

TO SUM UP...
The internet consists of thousands of networks connected all over the planet.
The reason for creating a network is so that the computers belonging to it can
work collaboratively, that is, so that they can use the network to share
your resources and exchange information.
A computer can be connected to the internet by various means. The main means
Residential connections are: telephone line, cable, ADSL, and via waves
electromagnetic.
The two most popular services offered by the internet to users are known.
like: www and e-mail.
The www is the service responsible for the popularity that the internet has gained in recent years.
years and consists of a huge set of documents stored on computers
from all over the planet. These documents are called web pages and are made up of
of sounds, images, animations, videos, hypertext, among others.
To browse the web, it is necessary for the user to have a computer connected to
The internet is software that serves the function of a web browser.
The main security best practices you should follow are: use passwords
robust and change them periodically, antivirus software, personal firewall and anti-
spyware. Mainly, one should use the internet consciously, that is, to think.
well before clicking on any link.

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6. EMAIL
Before the emergence of the internet, communication with distant people was a process
but more time-consuming and costly. After all, in order to carry out simultaneous communication, we had to
to use the telephone, which has a high cost, especially for long distances. For
to spend less, we had to use asynchronous communication in the form of a letter
written posted via mail. However, it was a slow process, taking days or even
weeks, depending on the distance between sender and recipient.
And when there was a strike at the Post Office? There was no delivery forecast for the
correspondences. What a delay! In this way, it was necessary to have a more
dynamic, fast, and accessible, and thus emerged electronic mail, thanks to the internet. Next,
you will study this popular service offered by the internet.

Electronic mail (from English Electronic Mail or E-mail)

Email is a very common service offered by the internet. This shortened name comes from
of the term in English electronic mail (email). This feature allows the user
exchange asynchronous messages with people anywhere in the world. Or
so, you send a message to a person anywhere in the world, and that
The message will remain stored until the person checks their email inbox. No
there is a need for people to be connected to the internet at the same time to receive
the message.
ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION
It means that users who are exchanging messages do not need to be online.
at the same time on the internet. Communication is not simultaneous, that is, it does not occur at the same time.
time.

Creating your email address

The simplest way to obtain an email address is by using an account.
free email. There are several portals that offer this type of free account, the
main are [Link], [Link] (service gmail)
[Link], to register your email, you will only need
provide some requested personal data, accept the terms of use of the service and, obviously,
choose a valid email and set an access password. The user interface for everyone is quite
intuitive, therefore, if you don't have an email yet, create one right now! In case of
difficulties, request assistance from the in-person tutor.

Webmails and clients

To use email, there are two ways: the use of software known as
email client or the use of a webmail (a site that contains the email service). Some

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The two most well-known email clients are: Outlook, Express, Eudora, among others. As for the
The most well-known webmail sites are: Yahoo Mail, Gmail, among others.
An email client is software that needs to be installed on your computer to
that you are able to send and receive emails. With that, to use an email client,
It is necessary for you to run the email client program on your computer in order to
write and read the messages.
In the case of webmail, you need to have a web browser software on your computer.
ready to use. Just open the browser and type the webmail address in the bar
addresses and authenticate on the site to, in this way, access your messages.

How to send an email? And more: how to attach a file

to the email?
Once you have created your email account, either through an email client or
In webmail, the procedure for sending a message is as follows:
Step 1: You must click on the New Message or Write option.
Step 2: In the To field, you should write the recipient's email.
Step 3: In the Subject field, you should write the subject of the message.
Step 4: In the larger and lower field, you write the message to be sent.
Step 5: You click the Send button or link.
Of course, there may be some differences in the names of the fields according to the
software or webmail used. But, in general, the way to send emails does not vary
very.
Have you heard of files sent by email? The famous 'attachments'. They
is an extra step that can be included in the list presented if the user wishes to send a
file attached to the email. For this, there is generally a button called Attach (or,
English, attach). After clicking this button, a window appears that allows the user to access the
computer storage hardware. The user should use this new window to
find the desired file and click on it to attach it to the email. When sending the
message, the file is sent with it.

SPAM
It is one of the problems associated with email. It consists of an electronic message.
undesired that the user receives. Why undesired? Because it is generally a message
sent in bulk (to multiple users) and that often contains content from
propaganda, promotions, in short, content that is often not of interest to the user.
Good email servers have anti-spam filters that seek to identify this type of
message, blocking them or redirecting them to a special folder.
CURIOSITY
If you want to know the origin of the word SPAM, visit [Link]
There are various types of spams. They are:

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a) Hoax: consists of rumors, legends, unreal stories that are spread via e-
mail. Example: No to paid MSN
The undersigned requests the maintenance of the free use of MSN
Messenger has been circulating since early 2005 and seems to have originated in Portugal. The first
messages said that MSN would become paid starting in March. The month of March
it ended, the service continued to be free. New versions mentioned the following months
and the service remained free to use. Although it lacks any consistency,
the appeal raised concerns among several internet users. Microsoft, the owner of the rights
About MSN Messenger, it states that the program will remain free.
b) Chains: consist of messages that promise some benefit for those who
send to a certain number of people within a deadline, just like
they promise repercussions for those who 'break the chain'.
Important!
If you erase this, honestly you have no heart... Hi, I am 29 years old.
My wife and I had a beautiful life together. God also blessed us with
a girl. Our daughter is named Raquel and she is 10 months old. There are some
On the day, the doctors found a brain cancer in her. There is only one way to save her.
the... operation. Unfortunately, we do not have enough money to cover this. AOL and
ZDNET will help us. We ask you to forward this email to all the people who
powder and AOL will clean this email and count the people received. Each person who opens
This email is to forward it to at least three people, we will receive 32 cents.
Please, help us. Sincerely,

George Arlington
c) Advertisements: consist of messages that announce products or services of
companies. Of course, there are serious companies that offer product lists in
promotion for your registered customers, but when it comes to spam, they are usually
dishonest companies that offer illegal, prohibited, erotic, or pirated products.
Example:
WANT MORE ROMANCE? WIN MORE GIRLFRIENDS OR
LOVERS! The PHEROMONES create an AFRODISIAC effect in sex
opposite. People of the opposite SEX subconsciously detect this scent and
they are instantly attracted to you.
To Attract Women Visit www.*********************.com
d) Scams: consist of messages that offer deceptive business opportunities.
who promise quick money. However, for this, it is requested that the person deposit a
amount of money in the account of the person who invited them to have the right to invite others
people.
Example:
"I want to show you how you can earn MORE THAN 5,000 DOLLARS PER"
MONTH without leaving home. This is no deception or trick. For example: if you

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recommend 5 friends, and those 5 friends each recommend another 5 friends, and so on
successively up to the fifth level, and if each one navigates on average 15 hours per month,
you earn $5,866.00!!! It seems impossible, but it isn't. It's the plain truth. It isn't
no deception.

To help the user detect spams, the main webmails have

a special folder called spam. Emails that are suspected of being spam, as soon as
received, are automatically stored in this folder. However, this mechanism does not
it has 100% accuracy and you should be careful before clicking on any email.

Electronic worms?! Viruses and other pests that your

computer can catch!
Malicious programs (in English, malwares) can be sent via email to
various users. These software programs disguise themselves in messages, making the user
click on them to execute them. There are various types of malicious software and they are
classified basically into: Viruses, Worms, Trojans, and Spywares.

Virus
They are programs that infect other programs and files. Their objective is
to annoy the computer user. They can delete files, create folders, misconfigure the
operating system, among other actions harmful to the user.
Viruses can multiply and spread to other computers without the
user know. For this, they need a hosting file or program. As you know,
Any program, in order to be executed, must first pass through the main memory. Well, the virus is
a computer program, therefore, it has to find a way to be loaded onto the
main memory. Therefore, it needs another host program, as soon as the
the user will run the host program, which will go to the main memory taking
also the virus that will have its malicious code executed.

Worms
The term worm comes from English and means worm. They are called that way because
they remember the behavior of some insect larvae: they eat and multiply. They are
similar to viruses. However, the main goal of the worm is to replicate and contaminate.
various computers. They can also send spam and pave the way for the entry of new ones
worms. There are some known as bots, which can be controlled by
an invader, who through the network directs their harmful actions on the infected computer.
The worm does not require a host file or program to replicate, as in
virus case. The worm itself has the ability to spread through the network. To
spreading, worms exploit existing vulnerabilities in the network. Vulnerabilities are
security flaws in the network that pose a threat of invasion to the computer. There are

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software called exploits, which are used to discover these vulnerabilities.

Trojans
Also known as Trojan horses, they aim to weaken the system of
computer defense and make it vulnerable. The trojan is usually received in the form of a
gift (card, games, screen protector, among others), but it's the famous Greek gift,
because together with the gift it can bring a virus, be responsible for sending spam to the
user's email list, among other harmful actions.
Another computer on the network can take control of a computer that has a
Trojan horse installed. Trojans do not spread by themselves; they need to be installed.
on the computer. And what drives users to install this type of program is precisely the
fact of coming disguised as a gift.
An example that has a great possibility of being a trojan is if you receive a card.
virtual of someone you don't know and that needs to be copied to your computer to
funcionar. Outro exemplo é se você receber um e-mail da empresa Serasa para notificação ou
verification of financial liabilities, requesting that you copy to your machine a
report. Therefore, you, as an internet service user, should stay alert and think
twice before clicking on any link.
MULTIMEDIA
The name of this malware comes from the famous Trojan invasion, told in the Iliads, and retold in the
the film Troy. In this film, it shows how the "Trojan Horse" was somewhat of a surprise
unpleasant for the Trojans. It's worth watching!

Spyware
Spywares (from English, spy) are computer programs that aim to
monitor user interaction with the computer. In this way, they can obtain various
user personal information and determine their habits and behavior. The
personal information obtained may be sent over the internet without the knowledge of
user.
Spyware does not spread to other computers on its own; it needs to be installed.
by the user. This is generally done by the user by mistake, through the installation of
freewares or sharewares that carry spyware along with them and
also via trojan.
FREEWARES: Free programs or with optional payment.
SHAREWARES: Programs with a limited version of the features or also the program
complete but restricted to a certain period of time for use. In short, it is about a
propaganda for the consumer to buy the non-free version in the future.
One of the main types of spyware is the keylogger, which is a program capable of
store the keys typed by the user via keyboard. Another well-known spyware is the
screenlogger, which is able to take a picture of the area of the screen around the mouse pointer,

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when the user clicks.

MULTIMEDIA
For more information about internet threats, visit the website [Link] which
It is maintained by CGI – Internet Management Committee of Brazil.

SUMMARIZING...
Email allows users to exchange messages asynchronously (means
that users who are exchanging messages do not need to be online
at the same time on the internet) with people anywhere in the world;
To use email, there are two ways: the use of a known software
as an email client, or the use of a webmail (a site that contains the
email service;
Spam is one of the problems associated with the use of email. It consists of a
unwanted electronic message that the user receives. It can be of various types:
hoax, chain, propaganda, scams and malicious programs (viruses, worms,
trojans, spywares;

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7. WORD PROCESSOR

A little history...
The human being has the characteristic of passing on acquired knowledge to the
future generations. To achieve this, writing and illustrations were used. In the past
everything was done by hand, which made the process laborious and slow for the writer. There was a
technological advancement with the arrival of the typewriter, making the writing process
faster, through typing.

Figure 31: The typewriter, today in

day, is already considered by many as "piece of
museum
The Virtual Typewriter Museum website (which in the translation from English to Portuguese means
"Virtual Museum of the Typewriter" is the adaptation of a book that tells the story
this invention of the nineteenth century: [Link]
However, the typewriter did not allow the insertion of figures, charts, and tables.
besides presenting other limitations. Already with the arrival of the computer and the applications of
Text processing, the way texts are produced has changed significantly. Some
Have you ever had to use a typewriter? Imagine that you made a mistake.
Any mistakes in typing, given that the document could not have any erasures. What would you do?
Provavelmente digitaria o documento todo novamente, não é mesmo? Muito mais simples é
solving this type of problem when we use a WORD PROCESSOR in
computer, as an error can be easily erased by pressing the "Delete" key.

Microsoft Office Word

Developed by Microsoft, Microsoft Office Word, also known simply
like Word, it is the most popular word processor. It is part of the application suite
Office.
The use of a word processor generally follows the following sequence:
text typing;
•editing of the typed text (insertion, substitution, or deletion of any word or

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character such as punctuation, accents, among others);

insertion of non-textual objects (figures, for example);
•document formatting (refers to the appearance of the text, its structure);
storage of the document on some secondary memory device
(hard disk, CD, flash drive, among others) and/or the printing of the document.
This sequence is not always followed. There are users who prefer to type the text and
at the same time inserting non-textual objects, or even already formatting the text. But the
It is important to always save (store) the document as it is changed, as one
A computer failure can compromise hours of work. Remember that!

Figure 32: This is the home screen of Microsoft Office Word with its
main components.

Text typing
Typing is similar to typing on a typewriter. You press a key and the result is echoed on the
computer screen from the INSERTION POINT. However, there are on the keyboard
some special keys that when combined produce different results.
INSERTION POINT
It is the vertical bar that blinks in the text editing area of the document.
See below the function of some important keys.
•SHIFT ( ) –When pressed together with a letter, produces characters

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maiúsculos. É usada também para acessar teclas de dupla função. Nas teclas que
they present two characters (for example, 5 and %), to insert the character more
To type the character present on the key (in this case the %), just press Shift + the desired key.
FIXA (CAPS LOCK) – Fixes uppercase characters when activated.
BACKSPACE ) –Deletes characters to the left of the insertion point.
DELETE – Erases characters to the right of the insertion point.
•SPACE BAR – Inserts spaces between characters.
•ENTER – Moves the cursor (insertion point) to a new line, aligning it to the left.
•HOME – Position the cursor (insertion point) at the beginning of the line.
•END – Positions the cursor (insertion point) at the end of the line.
PAGE UP - Rolls a screen up.
PAGE DOWN – Scrolls down a screen.
NUM LOCK - Activates the numeric keypad.
DIRECTION KEYS - These are keys formed by arrows (up, down, right,
left). They are used to move the cursor in the text.

Saving the document

After typing our text, we will learn how to save it
em nosso computador. Salvar significa (guardá-lo) em forma
from the Archive, for all the times we need it, it
be available for any changes. Let's get started:
click the Save button located in the Bar of Here is the
button
standard Word tools (Figure 7.3). Save

Figure 33: Saving the

Local where Document - Part 1
will be saved or

Here is where
document. As soon as you click this button
we specify a dialog box appears in
The name of our
document.
fabric. It is here that we will indicate where
And what name will the text be?
recorded.

Figure 7.4 shows how to save a

Figure 34: Saving the Document - Part 2 document and what measures to
they will be taken:

1) In the Save As box: choose the option My Documents.

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2) In the File Name box, delete the existing text and type: technology
After typing, click on the SaveButton.
This is how we saved our document
.doc is the extension of files created by Microsoft Office Word.
There is also the 'Save As' option in the 'File' menu, which saves another copy of
current document, if it has already been saved. This option keeps the file
original intact. If you do not make any changes to the original file and use the option
"Save As" is like you are simply making a copy of the document. In
Meanwhile, if you have already made any changes to the original file and use the "Save" option
"How", you create a new file with the inserted modifications, but keeping the file
original intact.
MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video about the basic concepts of Microsoft Office Word 2003, go to the
site [Link] watch?v=5YBWowPLNBw

Printing the document

Figure 35: Document printing screen of Microsoft

Office Word.
To print a document, you should first check if there is a
printer installed on your computer or on the network to which your computer is connected.
If you do not have it, it will be necessary for a computer technician to install it.
printer. If the printer is installed correctly, just access the option
Click "Print" in the "File" menu on the menu bar. This will bring up a window on your
computer for you to select the number of copies and which pages of the document you
wants to print (Figure 7.5). Once these parameters are defined, just click the 'OK' button.
so that the document can be printed.

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Editing the text

Once the text has been typed, we can make changes to it. This process
is called editing. The main features for this purpose are:
copy;
collar
cut
locate
replace;
spelling correction.
To copy a set of characters (letters, words, or phrases), it is
it is necessary for you to select what should be copied. To select, just position yourself on the
insertion point to the left of the character set to be copied. Once that is done, you
You must hold down the 'Shift' key and, while keeping it pressed, advance the selection with the help of
the movement keys (Figure 7.6) in the desired direction and sense. Another option is
use the mouse: select the text while holding down the left button. With the text
selected, just press the key combination "Control + c" to copy the characters
selected for the clipboard (memory area where everything that is stored is)
(copied). Now, you can paste the copied content in the same or in any other.
document. To do this, simply position the insertion point in the desired location and press the
keys "Control + v". Soon, the most recently copied text to the clipboard is
replicated at the desired location.

Figure 36: These are the keys

of movement.
The cut function works similarly to the copy function. The difference is that
the clipped character set is removed to the clipboard and, in this way,
It disappears from the original document. The keyboard shortcut for cut is 'Control + x'.
To perform the operations of copy, paste, and change, you can use the mouse instead of the
keyboard, if you prefer. Just, with the text selected, click with the button
right mouse button. A menu will appear, in which you should choose one from the three
operations.
Another common way to edit documents is through the 'Find' feature, in
which you instruct the word processor to go through the entire document in search of a

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conjunto de caracteres. Toda vez que o processador de textos encontra esse conjunto, você
you can replace the text with another using the 'Replace' function. To access this feature, you
you must click on 'Edit' in the menu bar and then click on the 'Find' option. With that,
the screen of figure 7.7 will appear. In the 'Find' field, you must type the set of
characters to be searched in the document. In the "Replace with" field, you should type the
new character set. If you leave the "Replace with" field blank, it will delete
all occurrences of the text that were located.

Fi
gura 37: This is the Find and Replace dialog.

In Microsoft Office Word, there is a tool called Spelling and Grammar.

This resource allows the existing text in the document to be analyzed according to the rules of
spelling and grammar of the language selected by the user. To access this tool, simply
click on the 'Spelling and grammar' option available in the Tools Menu. Automatically the
the processor starts the document verification, as seen in Figure 7.8, and suggests
corrections that the user can ignore or accept. Suggestions are not always correct; it is
very common wrong suggestions, stay alert!

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Basic Computing Professor: Fábio Ferreira

Figure 38: This is the window of the Spelling feature.

grammar.

Insertion of non-textual objects

In Microsoft Office Word, in addition to characters, it is possible to insert non-objects.
textual elements, such as images and tables. These objects are important either to illustrate the
document content (images) or to arrange the texts in an organized manner (table).
Next, you will learn how to work with these non-textual objects.
To insert a file that contains an image, it is essential that in
menu bar you open the "Insert" Menu, within it, open "Image" and then click on
of the Archive

Fi
gura 39: This is the way to insert an image.

Once this is done, the screen represented by Figure 7.10 will appear. On this screen, you should look for
on your computer the file that contains the image you want to insert into the document.
When you find this file, just hover the mouse cursor over the file name
and double-click with the left mouse button. This will open the existing image in the file
will be inserted into the document.

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Figura 40: Tela de inserção de Imagem.

MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video about inserting images in Microsoft Office Word 2003, visit
the site [Link]

Figure 41: Window for table insertion.

To insert a table, just access the 'Table' menu in the Toolbar.

Menus and then open the sub-menu 'Insert' and click on the 'Table' option. With that
the screen represented in Figure 7.11 will appear. On this screen, you must configure the number of
columns and rows of the table and click the 'OK' button.
The result of the table configuration in Figure 7.11 is Figure 7.12.

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Figure 42: Table generated in the word processor given the existing configuration in
Figure 7.11.
CELL: It is the name given to the intersection, that is, the space between a row and a column in a
table.
The insertion of characters and images inside the CELLS of a table is done
normally, as if it were in the body of the document.
MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video about inserting tables in Microsoft Office Word 2003, visit the
site [Link]

Formatting the document

One of the great differentiators of computer word processors compared to the old ones
typewriters have the ability to change the appearance of text. You
In this topic, you will learn the main resources to change the appearance of a document.
In the Menu bar, there is the Format menu, which has various formatting options.
When you click on the SOURCE option, the screen of Figure 13 appears.

Figura 43: Tela de formatação de fonte.

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FONT: Text font.

On this screen, for example, it is possible to change the font, text size, the color of
text, according to the desire of each user. It is necessary that the text to be formatted is
selected before you enter the screen of Figure 7.13 so that it can be changed, because if the
If the text you wish to change is not selected, nothing will happen. The options more
used are: bold, italic and underline. The visual effect of each of the styles is displayed at
follow
Example of text in bold
•Exemplo de texto em itálico
Example of underlined text
To exemplify the styles, the Bullets feature was used earlier and
Numbering, which gives the text the appearance of a list. This formatting feature is accessed
through the 'Format' menu in the 'Bullets and numbering' option. Figure 7.14 displays the screen of this
resource. Note, in this figure, that there are several different types of markers that you
you can choose to generate your list.
Other frequently used formatting items are paragraph alignment and
o espaçamento entre as linhas do texto. Para acessar esses itens, é só você clicar na opção
Paragraph; with this, the following screen will be displayed (Figure 7.15). On this screen, you can
select the paragraph alignment from the options: left, centered, right and
justified. The line spacing field present on this screen serves as
main options: single, 1, 5 double. This field generates the distance between the lines of the text;
for closer lines use the simple option, for lines with medium approximation use 1.5e
for wider lines use the double option.

F
Figure 44: Resource screen Markers and numbering.

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Basic Computing Professor: Fábio Ferreira

Figura 45: Formatação de parágrafo.

Regarding the formatting of the document pages, there is the option in the File menu
Format page. In this option, you can set the page orientation to portrait mode.
(portrait) or in landscape mode (landscape).

Figure 46: Page orientation in landscape mode.

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Basic Computing Professor: Fábio Ferreira

Figure 47: Page Orientation

in portrait mode.

You can also set the page margins of the document, that is, the distance from the
border (edge) of the sheet to the beginning of the text printing area. There are four
margens: superior, inferior, direita e esquerda.

TO SUMMARIZE...
A word processor is an application designed for creating, editing, formatting and
document visualization.
The use of a word processor generally follows the following sequence: typing
text editing, insertion of non-text objects, formatting of
document and storage of the document on some memory device
secondary.
To save a document, you must access the menu in the menu bar.
"File" and then click on the "Save" option.
To copy a set of characters (letters, words, or phrases), it is
you need to select what should be copied. With the selected text,
just press the key combination "Control + c).
There is a tool called 'Spelling and Grammar' in Microsoft Office Word.
grammar.” This feature allows the existing text in the document to be
analyzed according to the spelling and grammar rules of the selected language by
user.
In Microsoft Office Word, it is possible to insert non-text objects, such as
images and tables. These objects are important both to illustrate the content of
document (images) on how to arrange the texts in an organized manner (table).

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One of the great differences of the word processor of computers for the
old typewriters is the ability to change the appearance of
text.

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8. ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET
SHEET: A sheet of paper that already has pre-printed items to facilitate its use.
filling and/or understanding. It is a form that guides the way to fill in the
data.
Examples of spreadsheet: monthly expenses of a person (Figure 8.1), income with the
sale of products in a company, among others.

Figure 48: Personal expenses worksheet.

A spreadsheet can even be handwritten on a piece of paper, without the need for
computer use. Because Excel is software, the spreadsheets it creates are
electronic. One of the great advantages of using a spreadsheet is that one can
to change it and, instantly, obtain the new values of all fields that are
interligados ao campo cujo valor foi modificado. Isto é, se, na Figura 8.1, o gasto com aluguel
it increased to R$ 600.00 as soon as we updated that field in the spreadsheet.
Excel would have the value for the Total Expenses automatically updated to
R$ 3.045,87.

Microsoft Office Excel

Developed by Microsoft, it is the most popular spreadsheet program. It does
part of the Office applications package. The homepage of the 2003 version of Microsoft Office Excel
can be seen in Figure 8.2.
The structure of a spreadsheet in Microsoft Office Excel is based on a table;
therefore, there are rows and columns. The rows are named by numbers in order
increasing, starting from the number 1. The columns are named in alphabetical order.

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starting from the letter A. But you might be wondering what happens when it goes beyond the
letter Z? The columns are named with two letters, as follows: AA, then AB, AC and
and so on.

Figure 49: Initial screen of Microsoft Office Excel, highlighting its

main components.

The space where a row and a column intersect is called a cell. The name of
a cell is given by the name of the column in which the cell is, followed by the name of the row in
that the cell is found. In Figure 8.3, we have the names of twelve cells, written in their own
space.

Figure 50: Names of the cells of

a spreadsheet.

MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video presenting the work interface in Microsoft Office Excel,
access the website[Link] elated

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Text typing
The typing of texts is practically identical to that done in Microsoft Office Word.
the difference is that the insertion point must be positioned in one of the cells of the spreadsheet
before typing the text.
MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video showing how text typing is done in Excel, visit the site
[Link] watch?v=VpoBSeypA5g

Salvando sua planilha

Figure 51: Screen to save files from Microsoft Office

Excel.
To save a spreadsheet, you must, in the menu bar, access the 'File' menu and, in
Next, click on the option 'Save'. Or you can, via keyboard, type the combination 'Control +
With this, the screen represented in Figure 8.4 will appear.
On this screen, in 'Save as', you should choose a folder to save the file.
You must type a name for the workbook (See the box below) in the field 'Name'
of the File.” Once this is done, just click the “Save” button.
ATTENTION!
When saving an Excel file, you are actually saving a workbook, which
may contain one or more spreadsheets. Go back to Figure 8.2 and note that, in the part
bottom left, there are three sheets. The only sheet that appears in Excel is the sheet
active, that is, the one that is bolded. In the case of Figure 8.2, it is Spreadsheet 1
that is active, with 2 and 3 being inactive at the time of the photo.
.xls is the file extension for files created by Microsoft Office Excel.
Just like in Word, there is the 'Save As' option in the 'File' menu. This option
save a new copy of the current workbook, if it has been previously saved, and

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keep the original file intact. It's as if you are making a copy of the folder
work. This option also allows you to save an identical copy elsewhere on your
computer.

Printing your spreadsheet

Para realizar a impressão de uma planilha, inicialmente você deve verificar se há uma
printer installed on your computer or on the network to which your computer is connected.
If you do not have it, it will be necessary for a computer technician to install it.
printer. If it is already installed, the procedure is simpler: you just need to
access the 'Print' option in the 'file' menu of the menu bar. This will bring up a
window on your computer so that you just select the number of copies you want
print and mark if you wish to print the selected (active) spreadsheet or the workbook
whole (Figure 8.5). Once these parameters are defined, just click the 'OK' button for
the spreadsheet should be sent to the printer.

Figure 52: Document printing screen of Microsoft

Office Excel.
One important point is that when the grid lines (cell borders) appear
clear in the spreadsheet, they are not printed. For this to happen, they must appear in
bold in the spreadsheet. To make the lines bold, you must select the cell or
Select a set of cells and activate their borders using the icon found in the formatting bar.
How the formatting bar varies from computer to computer according to
user preferences, so it is not guaranteed that the icon will be in the same place
Always. If in doubt when searching for the icon, you should consult the in-person tutor.

Formatting your spreadsheet

Formatting in the context of application software is the ability to change the
appearance of the spreadsheet and the text in its cells. You will learn in this topic the main

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resources to change the appearance of your spreadsheets.

In the Menu bar, there is the Format menu, which has several formatting options.
When you click on the "Cells..." option, the screen shown in Figure 8.6 appears.
On this screen, you can change the category of the cell, that is, specify the type of content.
what the cell will store. See in Table 8.1, the effect of applying each category on the
data from a spreadsheet.

Figure 53: Cell category formatting screen.

Table 3: Cell Formatting

according to the category
For each data point that you want to display in the spreadsheet, there is the appropriate category in which
você irá definir a aparência do dado na planilha, conforme visto na Tabela 8.1. Para escolher a
appropriate category, you need to know what the data you are going to enter will represent,
such as a number, a percentage, a text, a date, a fraction, a time,

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a scientific number or a monetary value. In practice, this means that each category
It will be formatted differently from another, aiming to facilitate the reading and understanding of the spreadsheet.
For example, for monetary values, there is the symbol R$ in front of the numbers, for the
date format, it has the day, year, and month properly separated by the character /.
In the same "Cells..." option, there is the alignment tab, where you can set the
horizontal alignment (with the main options being: left, center, and right) and the
vertical alignment (with the main options being: bottom, center, and top) of the content of
each cell. Figure 8.7 shows the alignment of the cell's content in the nine options
possible, with the option selected in the figure being horizontal alignment to
left and bottom vertical alignment.

Figure 54: Cell alignment.

Ainda na opção “Células...”, há a aba Fonte, na qual você pode alterar o tipo, o
size, style, and color of the font. See Figure 8.8.

Figure 55: Cell font formatting screen.

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In the Border tab, shown in Figure 8.9, you can add borders to the cell.
A cell can have up to four edges: on the two sides, above and below. You can choose the
style and the color of the border.

Figure 56: Border options for the cell.

MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video showing cell formatting in Excel, visit the website.
[Link] chgFJk&feature=related

Add formulas in a spreadsheet in Microsoft Office Excel

When we add formulas to the cells of a spreadsheet in Excel, we can establish
a link between the cell that has the formula and the other cells in the spreadsheet. This linking
allows the cell values to be updated instantly if there is any
modification in the spreadsheet. Suppose that in the existing spreadsheet in Figure 8.10 it was necessary
in cell C7 the total corresponding to the sum of cell C4 (in this case R$ 5.00) with cell
C5 (in this case R$ 6.00).

Figure 57: Initial spreadsheet.

To do this, it is necessary to type a formula in cell C7. Every formula starts with
It starts with the equal sign (=). This way, we just need to type in the content of cell C7 the

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next:=C4+C5

Figure 58: Initial spreadsheet with the cell

C7 containing the sum formula.
This means that the value that will appear in cell C7 will be the sum of the other two.
células, conforme mostrado na Figura 8.12. Observe também nessa figura que, pelo fato de
If C7 is selected, the formula of this cell appears in FIELD [Link] in the bar of
tools.
FX FIELD: Existing in the toolbar displays the content of the selected cell.
If there is any formula in the cell, the first character shown is the sign of
equality, followed by the definition of the formula.

F
Figure 59: Spreadsheet showing the result of
formula and the content of cell C7.
In addition to addition, other basic operations used in formulas are: subtraction,
multiplication and division. If we were to use the same values from the previous example, but with
other mathematical operations, see how it would look in Table 8.2.

Table 4: In Excel, we use the + sign for addition, – for

subtraction, * for multiplication and / for division.

MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video showing more advanced formulas in Excel, visit the website
[Link] watch?v=xtdWilS-Wio&feature=related
ATTENTION!
A cell that has a green triangle in its upper diagonal (#VALUE!) has

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some kind of error in your formula. The possible errors are:

#VALUE! Indicates that some cell referenced in the formula contains text when it should not.
waiting for a number. See in Figure 8.13 that in the existing formula in cell C6 it is necessary to
use the value of B4; however, B4 is a text, but it should be a number so that it could
to be added.

Figure 60: Error #value! in field C6

due to the value of cell B4.
#NAME! or #REF! Indicates that some cell referenced in the formula does not exist. Generally
what happens when the referenced cell is moved to another location (shifted) or deleted. See
In Figure 8.14, the formula in cell C8 has a sum with #REF! This happened
because the cell that should be there was moved, copied, or deleted.

Figure 61: Error #REF! in field C8

Indicates that the value to be displayed in the cell is greater than the cell's width (Figure
8.15). To fix this error, simply increase the width of the cell.

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Figure 62: Display error of

result in cell D3, as it is the same
it does not fit in the current space.

Add charts to a spreadsheet in Microsoft Office Excel

The use of graphs is an important tool to facilitate analysis and understanding of
tables filled with data. Microsoft Office Excel has a chart wizard that is
able to generate a chart based on a pre-existing table in the spreadsheet. See how this
It works. Suppose that starting from the spreadsheet in figure 8.16, one wishes to obtain a chart.

Figure 63: Table from which a graph is desired.

Suppose the desired chart is a line graph and has to have the months on the x-axis and the
revenues and expenses on the y-axis.

The first step is to access the chart assistant icon. that is on the bar of
tools. Once this is done, the screen represented in Figure 8.17 will be displayed. In this screen, we must
choose what type of chart we want. In this example, we will opt for the chart of
lines with markers displayed for each data value (which is selected in the Subtype of
graph) and click on 'Next'.

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Figura 64: Passo 1 – escolha do tipo de gráfico.

In Step 2 (Figure 8.18) we must provide the chart assistant with what is the
data range, that is, which cells in the spreadsheet contain the data we want
PLOT on the graph.
PLOT: In computing, it means to draw on a graph.

Figure 65: Step 2 - Selecting the data range

in the Source Data window.

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To do this, just click on the far right part of the "Data range" field. ). With that
the spreadsheet with the data will appear. Then you must select the values from D5 to E16,
as shown in Figure 8.19.

Figure 66: Step 3 – Selecting the data range in the spreadsheet.

Then just click on the icon on the far right of the little window, called 'Source Data' and
check if the sketch of the graph is correct (Figure 8.20).

Figure 67: Step 4 – The draft of the chart in the Data window
Origin.

SERIES: The dataset that will be plotted on the graph.

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The next step is to change the names of the SERIES to Revenues and Expenses, as it is
in the spreadsheet. To do this, just click on the 'Series' tab, select each series, and type the
her name in the "name" field, as shown in Figure 8.21 for the Revenue Series.

Figure 68: Step 5 – Changing the series name in the Wizard

of graph.
Now to change the x-axis and put the abbreviation of the names of the months, as it is
In the spreadsheet, we just need to access the field "Category Axis Labels (X):" and select it.
the months in the spreadsheet, as specified in Figure 8.22.

Figure 69: Step 6 – Selecting the values (months) for the X axis in
chart assistant box in the spreadsheet.
Then, in Step 7, we can give a title to the chart, for the x-axis, for the y-axis,
among other formatting options (Figure 8.23).

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Figure 70: Step 7 – Adding a title for the chart and for the
axes.
Step 8 is just for you to decide if you want the chart on another sheet or
as an object in the current worksheet. Once done, just click finish and check the output (Figure
8.24).

Figure 71: Final result generated by the chart assistant.

MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video showing step by step how to use the chart assistant, visit the website.
[Link] watch?v=MnR5l6BHuQc

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PRESENTATION EDITOR
In this class, you will study Microsoft Office Power Point, which is an application
developed by Microsoft for the creation of graphic presentations. It is the most
popular in your genre. In your presentations, you can include texts, tables, images,
graphics, animations, links to websites or documents, transition effects, and even audio.
A presentation is useful for you to do academic work, proposals for
projects, financial analyses, promote new products or services, make information available
about your company, among other possibilities.
PowerPoint can be considered the evolution of the SLIDES projector; it is a
a tool that gives a dynamic character to presentations, making it easier for the presenter to convey
for the audience the ideas contained in the content of the slides. In addition, it allows the creator of the
presentation can build your slides more quickly.
In photography, a slide is a static image created on a transparent base and
mounted in a frame to enable its projection on a screen. By analogy, the term
it is also used to designate other types of image presentations, such as the
developed in Microsoft Power Point and other programs. However, the slides in Power
Slides can be dynamic. A PowerPoint slide is an individual page of a
presentation.

Microsoft Office Power Point

PowerPoint is part of the Office application suite and consists of a set
of the slides. The home screen of the 2003 version of Microsoft Office PowerPoint can be observed
in Figure 9.1.
The title bar displays the name of the opened file; in our example, it is Presentation
1. In the menu bar you can access the submenus: file, edit, view, insert,
format, tools, presentations, window and help.
The toolbar allows the user to quickly access the most commands.
used. The slide annotation allows the user to write reminders about the content of
slide; however, these reminders do not appear inside the slide at the time of the presentation.
These notes are only available in slide creation mode. The usefulness of the notes
It is to remind the presenter of the topics he should discuss in that slide.
In presentation mode, the slide size is increased, and thus the slide occupies
the entire available space on the computer screen (Figure 9.2), hiding the part related to the
note. To access the presentation mode, simply click on the icon ( regarding
this way, or you can press the F5 key. To return to creation mode, just press the
ESC key.
The task pane provides quick access to various resources in PowerPoint.

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Figure 72: Microsoft Office PowerPoint home screen, highlighting its

principais componentes.

Figure 73: The slideshow mode.

Inserting a slide
To insert a slide in your presentation, simply access the 'Insert' menu and click on the

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option "New slide". The typing of texts is practically identical to that done in Microsoft
Office Word. The difference is that it is necessary to insert one or more text boxes and type the text.
inside the boxes.
To insert a text box on the slide, all you need to do is:
•access the "Insert" menu;
•click on the 'Text Box' option;
• position the mouse cursor over the area of the slide where you want to place the text and,
with the left mouse button pressed, drag the mouse cursor to form
the size of the text box you want. Once that is done, just release the left button
do mouse.

Saving your presentation

Salvar um arquivo no Power Point é como salvar um arquivo no Word ou Excel. Para
to save the presentation, you must go to the menu bar, access the File menu, and then
click on the 'Save' option. Or you can, via keyboard, type the combination Control + b.
.ppt is the extension used for files created by Microsoft Office PowerPoint.

Printing your presentation

This procedure is also similar to printing in Word or Excel. To carry out the
printing of your presentation, you should first check if there is a printer
installed on your computer or on the network to which your computer is connected. If not
it will be necessary for an IT technician to install it; if
On the contrary, the procedure is simpler. Just access the 'Print' option in the menu.
"File" from the menu bar. This will bring up a window on your computer screen to
that you just select the number of copies and check if you want to print:
the whole presentation;
only the current slide or
a slide interval (Figure 9.3).
In the 'Print' field, you have four printing options, allowing you to print:
•one slide per page (option "Slides");
a set of up to six slides per page ("Brochures" option);
•only the notes (option 'Notes') or
the slides in the form of bullet points (option 'Bullet Point Structure').
Once these parameters are defined, just click the "OK" button for the file to be
sent to printer.

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Figure 74: Screen for printing documents of

Microsoft Office Power Point.

MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video about the basic concepts of Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003,
access the site [Link]

Changing the LAYOUT and design of the SLIDES in Microsoft

Office Power Point
LAYOUT OR LAYOUT: Distribution of text and images within a page of a
document
The layout of a slide refers to the content that will be displayed on the slide, as well as to
placement of this content. Inside a slide, we can put texts, images, graphs,
tables, among others.
DESIGN: Planning of a project or model.
Defining the layout means, then, stating which of these objects we will insert into the slide.
To access the 'Slide Layout' option, simply click on it in the task pane.
Hover next to the text 'Starting point'. A menu will appear, in which you must click on the option

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"Slide layout". Another way to access it is through the "Format" menu. Once that is done, in the panel of
Tasks will display all available layout options. There are text layouts (when
the slide only contains text, which can be a title, title and text, among others), the layouts
of content (when the slide only contains content, which can be an image, a
graph, a table, among others), the layouts of text and content (which combine the two items
previous ones) and the other layouts, such as: title and chart or title, text and chart, among others.
other options. The slide layout options appear on the right side of Figure 9.4.

Figure 75: Layout of the slides in the task pane.

To apply the chosen layout to the current slide, just click on the
layout model. Each slide of a presentation can contain a different layout (Figure
9.5).
The design of the presentation refers to the color scheme and the arrangement of objects.
existing in the slides that make up the presentation. There are several types of pre-design.
configured options that you can choose to apply your own presentation. To access the
option 'Slide Design', just click the arrow next to the text in the task pane
"Starting point". A menu will appear, in which you must click on the option "Slide design."
Another way to access it is through the 'Format' menu. Once done, the task pane will appear.
all available design options (Figure 9.6). To apply the chosen design in
presentation, just click once on the design model.
MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video about slide design in Power Point, visit the website
[Link] NCn2ANSE

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Figure 76: Presentation with each slide, 1 and 2, containing a distinct layout.

Figure 77: Slide design in the task panel on the right of the figure.

Adding images, tables, charts, hyperlinks, audio and

transition effects in slides
To add an image, table, or chart to a slide, it is necessary for the layout of the

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The slide should be of the content layout type. Every slide of this type has the drawing in the Figure.
9.7.

To insert a table, simply click on the icon for the table (located
in the upper left part of Figure 9.7) and choose the number of rows and columns.
To insert a chart, just click on the chart icon (the second one at the top)
superior of Figure 9.7) and fill in the spreadsheet that will appear with the desired data. Once that is done,
A chart related to the spreadsheet will be presented on the slide (Figure 9.9).

Figure 79: Adding a table to the slide.

To change the type of the chart, just right-click on it and

access the "Chart type" option (Figure 9.10).

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Figure 80: Adding a chart to the slide.

Figure 81: Access to the "Chart Type" option.

To insert an image, simply click on the icon at the bottom.
left of Figure 9.7. This will bring up a screen where you must indicate the file that
contains the image that is to be added to the slide (Figure 9.11).

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Figure 82: Inserting an image into a

slide.
To add audio to the slide, you need to access the 'Insert' menu, then the submenu
"Movies and sounds" and click on the option "Sound of the file." Once done, a screen will appear in which
you must choose the file from your computer that contains the audio you wish
add to the slide. For the sound to play right at the beginning of the presentation, you must choose
the option 'Automatically', which will appear on your screen after being selected the
sound file. The sound will play only on the slide it was added to; that is, if you
changing the slide, the sound will stop.
A hyperlink can be added to a slide through the following procedure:
•select the word or phrase that should be the link;
place the mouse pointer over the selected text;
right-click the mouse button;
access the option 'Hyperlink';
choose the destination of the hyperlink.

The destination of a hyperlink can be any file on your computer, a

web page, an email address or another slide from your presentation. In Figure
9.12 the selected text is displayed to go back and the hyperlink insertion window.

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Figure 83: Inserting a hyperlink.

Figure 9.13 links the hyperlink with the previous slide. To achieve this
for this procedure, just follow the steps presented here from Figure 13:
Click on the option 'Insert into this document'; this will bring up the image of the
Figure 9.13;
click on 'Previous slide';
To finish, click the "OK" button.

Figure 84: Inserting a hyperlink to the previous slide.

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The result in the appearance of the slide is shown in Figure 9.14.

Figure 85: Result of inserting a hyperlink in mode

slide presentation.

With this, when you are in presentation mode and there is a click on
Clicking the hyperlink will go back to the previous slide.
The slide transition indicates the form and speed with which a slide will
to appear on the screen, if there will be any audio associated with the appearance of the slide and how the advancement will be
for the next slide. To access the "Slide Transition" option, simply in the panel of
For tasks, click on the arrow next to the text "Starting point". A menu will appear, in which
you must click on the "Slide Transition" option. Another way to access it is via the menu
"Presentations." Once this is done, all transition options will appear in the task pane.
available (Figure 9.15). As soon as you click on a type of transition (for example,
horizontal blind), it is automatically applied to the current slide. If you change the
speed or include some audio, the effect of your change will be shown automatically
in the current slide.

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Figure 86: Application of transition effects on slides to the right of the figure.

MULTIMEDIA
To watch a video showing the use of slide transition features in Power
Point, access the site http:// [Link]/watch?v=VzCPlkHoJYk

TO SUMMARIZE...
A presentation is useful for you to present academic work,
project proposals, financial analyses, new products or services,
information about your company, among other possibilities.
Power Point can be considered the evolution of the slide projector; it is a
a tool that gives a dynamic character to presentations, which makes it easier for the presenter
to convey to the audience the ideas contained in the content of the slides.
Power Point is part of the Office application suite and consists of a
set of slides.
In your presentations, you can include texts, tables, images, graphs,
animations, links to websites or documents, transition effects, and even audio.
The typing of texts is practically identical to that performed in Microsoft Office.
Word. The difference is that you need to insert text boxes and type the text inside.
the boxes.
The layout of a slide refers to the content that will be displayed on the slide, as well as to

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layout of this content. Within a slide, we can place texts, images,

graphs, tables etc. Defining the layout means, then, saying which of these objects
we will insert it into the slide.
The design of the presentation refers to the color scheme and arrangement of objects.
existing in the slides that make up the presentation. There are various types of design.
pre-configured options that you can choose to apply to your own presentation.
The slide transition indicates what the form and speed of a slide will be.
it will appear on the screen, whether there will be any audio associated with the appearance of the slide and how
it will be the advance to the next slide.

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10. Supplemental Material

OpenOffice Writer
OpenOffice Writer is a tool used for creating documents. With the
You will be able to carry out simple tasks, such as typing and printing a simple letter,
up to more complex tasks such as the creation of sophisticated documents, like this guide.
Writer is part of a suite of tools called OpenOffice, in which it
I highlight, besides him, the spreadsheet, put on the software for slide presentations.
electronics, called Impress.
In the following sections, you will appreciate the use of the basic functionalities of
OpenOffice Writer.

Getting to know the components of the Writer's home screen

When you open Writer, you will see the following screen.

Creating the first text

When Writer is started, a blank document is automatically opened and the
The insertion pointer is positioned. From this moment on, you can start typing.
as if using a typewriter.
Writer has the automatic scrolling feature enabled by default.

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words. This means that it is not necessary to press ENTER at the end of a line, so that the
the cursor jumps to the beginning of the next line. The Writer shifts the word that exceeds the margin.
right to the next line, whenever this situation occurs. You should only press
PRESS ENTER whenever you want to force the pointer to the next line.

Correcting typing errors

Correcting typos is a very simple task. You have two ways to
do it.
Through the BACKSPACE key:
The first consists of using the BACKSPACE key, which is located in the upper right corner of
main keyboard. Every time this key is pressed, the cursor moves one position to the
left and erase the character that was occupying that position. Once erased the
incorrect character, just type the new character. Every time the BACKSPACE key is
when pressed, the text to the right of the cursor is also moved to the left.
While BACKSPACE always deletes the character to the left of the cursor, the key
DELETE, which is found on the numeric keypad and on the upper intermediate keyboard, deletes the
current character, that is, the one that is in the cursor position. If you notice an error that
it is on the previous line or a few words back, move the cursor to the character position
incorrect, press DELETE and type the correct character.

Saving the text

One of the tasks you need to learn quickly is how to save a text that is
Being typed. Power outages or fluctuations in electrical current are the biggest enemies of those who
is working with any text that has not yet been recorded at the time of
oscillation of the electrical network.
To save your text, access the menu:
File↳ Save
The first time a document is being saved, the illustrated screen will appear.
continue, proceed as follows:

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1. Escolha a pasta onde o texto será salvo.

2. Type the file name in the File name field.
3. Click the Save button.

Opening an existing text

To work with a previously recorded text, you must first open the
text. To do it, proceed as follows:
To open an existing text, access the menu:
File↳ Open

Locate the folder where your file is.

2. Choose the text you want to open by clicking on it.
3. After clicking the Open button.

Moving through the document

You can easily move the cursor through the text using the keyboard. The table below

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show the key combinations that can be used to move the cursor through the text.

Selecting parts of the text

Whenever you need to change a text, you must first select
this text. To select the text (all of it or just a part), you must proceed from
following way:
To select a word: Double-click on it.
To select more than one word: Drag the mouse over the words that you
want to select.
To select a row: Click three times on the row.
To select all the text: Press Ctrl + A or then choose the option:
To save your text, access the menu:
Edit ↳ Select all
Selection with the Keyboard: On the keyboard, hold down the Shift key.
uppercase), while you move the cursor with the arrow keys (keyboard).

Cut, copy and paste blocks of text

If you want to move parts of a text across the pages, you can use the
Cut button in the function bar or in the Edit Menu. Proceed as follows:
1. Select the text you want to move.
2. Click the Cut button or access the menu:

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Edit↳Cut
3. Or by keyboard, press the keys Ctrl + X.
But if you want to copy parts of a text, you can use the copy button.
function bar or through the Edit Menu:
1. Select the text you want to copy.
2. Click the Copy button or select:
Edit↳Copy
3. Or by keyboard, press the keys Ctrl + C.
When cut, the selected block of text is deleted, remaining in the area of
transfer, being able to be pasted in any position of the file. When copying, the part
copied remains unchanged.
So after cutting or copying a block of text, just:
1. Colocar o cursor na posição onde você deseja inserir o texto.
2. Click the paste button or access the menu:
Edit↳Paste
3. Or by keyboard, press the keys Ctrl + V.
Your text will be inserted at the cursor position, but will remain in the area of
transfer, being able to be glued again.

Formatting the text

Characters are letters, numbers, symbols (like @, * and $), punctuation marks and
spaces. When starting a new document, the text will be displayed in the font (type) and size
(measured in points) predefined by the Writer. To achieve a different appearance, you can
choose other formats to be used by the Writer.
In the toolbar 'Objects', the type and size of the font being used appear.
used at the time of typing.

To choose a new font, click on the box that defines the type of character and
select the desired font.
To change the font size, click on the box that alters the size and select the
desired.
However, as illustrated, the toolbar only offers you the possibility of

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change the font and the size of the characters. This is very practical when you already know which font
you will use in your text. But there are many more formatting options to choose from in the option:
Format↳Characters
Choose on this screen the font type, style, and size. You can
also choose other formatting options such as text color, background, etc.
através abasEfeitos de fonte,Posição,HiperlinkePlano de fundo. Para finalizar sua
Formatting click on the button OK.

Formatting the paragraphs of your text

You can apply various formats to a paragraph of text. The main ones are:
1. Indents and Spacing (Indents and spacing in Writer).
2. Alignments.
3. Numbering of Paragraphs.
4. Contours (Edges).
5. Background (Shading).
Recuo: Para fins estéticos, você pode modificar a margem e o espaçamento de blocos de
texts. To modify the margins, proceed as follows:
1. Select the text you want to indent (indent in Writer).
2. On the ruler, use the shift markers to advance (move back) the text.
On the ruler, you can only change the text indents (advancements). However, you have
many more paragraph formatting options by choosing the option:

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Format↳Paragraph
1. Choose the Indents and Spacing tab.
On this screen, you can control the progress of the paragraphs with much more precision.
that when you use the ruler. Also in this window you can set the spacings
between the lines and between the paragraphs.

You can apply two types of spacing in a text. Spacing between the
paragraphs and between the lines of a text.
Text alignment:
To change the alignment of your text, first select it and then click on
one of the alignment buttons on the object bar.

Contours (Edges):
You can apply borders to highlight your text. To do this, proceed as follows

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way
Format↳Paragraph
Click on the Borders Tab.
In this window, you can set the desired outline (total, only top, top and
bottom, left and right, bottom and right, etc.) in the layout box for the arrangement of lines.
You can choose the style and color of the border line in the line box. And you can
also choose a shadow and the color of the shadow, in the shadow style box.

Background:
If you want to apply a color to the background of the text, proceed as follows:
1. Select the block of text where you want to apply a background color.
2. Click on the menu:
Format↳Paragraph
3. Click on the Background Tab.
4. Choose the background color by clicking on it.
5. To finish, click OK.

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Setting up the page: Setting up the page means defining:

1. The size of the margins;
2. O tamanho do papel em que o texto será impresso;
3. The numbering of the pages.
To make these settings, proceed as follows:
1. Click on the menu:
Format↳Page
Click on the Page Tab.
In this window, you can set the size of the margins (top, bottom, left and
right) and also define the size of the paper that will be used to print the text (A4, letter,
office, etc). You can also specify whether you want the pages numbered or not and the style of the
numbering (Arabic numbers, Roman numerals, letters, etc.).

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Printing the text

To print your entire text, that is, the document that is open, click the button
illustrated below, Print file, located in the toolbar. This will make the
the entire text should be printed once.
If you want more options to print your text, such as controlling the
number of copies or the pages that should be printed, proceed as follows:
Click on the File menu.
2. Choose the Print option.
Or by keyboard, just press the keys Ctrl + P.
And on the screen that opens, illustrated below, you will be able to choose the printer, the area of
printing and the number of copies.

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OpenOffice Calc
OpenOffice Calc is a spreadsheet application that you can use to
calculate, analyze, and manage your data. You can also import and modify spreadsheets
do Microsoft Excel. Following is an overview of Calc.

Knowing the components of the Calc home screen

When you open Calc, you will see the following screen, where the main components are illustrated.
from the main window of Calc.

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Display Menu
This menu bar item is used to structure the workspace. From
your options can show or hide the bars of OpenOffice Calc. They can also be
worked on the appearance and size of the work screen.

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Menu: Exibir↳Zoom:
Allows you to adjust the size of the workspace.
Menu: Exibir↳Barra de ferramentas:
Allows you to select the toolbars to be displayed on the screen. When activated, the
bars are marked with an n. To activate or deactivate a bar, click on it.
she.

The working file

In OpenOffice Calc, the workbook initially contains three spreadsheets, as per
indication in the figure below. Each spreadsheet is presented in the form of a table, containing rows and
columns. A total of 32,000 rows are provided, numbered from 1 to 32,000, and 256 columns,
named from A to IV, whose intersection is called a cell.

Columns: represented by letters.

Lines: represented by numbers.

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Progression: mark present in the lower right corner of the cell.

Opening and creating new spreadsheets

To create a new spreadsheet, click on the menu:
File↳New↳Spreadsheet
To open an existing spreadsheet, access the menu:
File↳Open
Or press the Ctrl + A keys together.

Select the desired file, click Open, or double click on it.

Saving a spreadsheet
When dealing with a new file, click on:
File↳Save as
Choose the folder where you want to save it and give a name to the file. Then, click
Save.

Closing a spreadsheet
To close the spreadsheet click on:
File↳Close
If the spreadsheet is not saved, a screen will appear with the options:
[Link]: To cancel the saving operation and return to the relevant spreadsheet.
[Link]: To close the file without saving, losing the content or the latest changes.
changes made.
[Link]: To save the file.

Inserting data into a spreadsheet

The main data entry features in a spreadsheet will be explained below,
whether they are texts or numbers. Numerical operations and functions will also be addressed.
To understand how to insert data into a spreadsheet, it is important to know the concepts.
below:
•Cells: They are the units where we enter the data. That is, each of the boxes.
existing entries in the spreadsheet.
Active Cell: It is the cell where the cursor is at the moment of data entry, that is,
where the data will be entered.
•Columns: They are arranged vertically and range from A to Z and from AA to IV, in a to-
such as 256.
•Lines: They are arranged in a horizontal position and range from 1 to 32,000. Columns and
Lines: Coordinates used for cell identification.

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Selecting a cell
To select a cell, click with the mouse over the cell. You can move-
se também entre as células através do teclado. Na tabela abaixo está demonstrado como
change the active cell using the keyboard.

Inserting texts and numbers

In the cells, numbers, characters, special characters, etc. can be typed. When
finish the data entry in the cell, press ENTER or TAB.
If the text is longer than the cell size, it will occupy the space of the next one, if this
is empty. This occupation does not mean that the space of the next cell has been used.

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When there is a need to use the next cell, by clicking on it, the content of the
the previous one will disappear and the current one may be occupied, with its content overlapped to
anterior, without erasing it.
A red arrow will appear on the right side of the cell, indicating that the content
exceeded its size. If you want the entire content of the cell to be
It will be necessary to modify the cell size.

Removing the content of a cell

Select the cell you wish to delete, and press the DELETE or BACKSPACE key.

Working with formulas

A formula allows relating specific cells with the aim of performing operations.
mathematics. Every formula must be preceded by the sign “=”.
=SUM(B2+C2), adds the content of cell B2 with the content
from cell C2, with the result in D2.

Numerical operators: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

The creation of formulas is done using numerical operators.

Addition
Add the values in cells. Symbol: “+”. Example: =D7+E7
To sum a direct sequence of cells, use the sign ':' between the first and the
last cell of the sequence. Example: =SUM(D7:D11), the result will be the sum of all the
values existing in the cells: D7+D8+D9+D10+D11.
Another way to use this resource is through the addition sign:
Proceed as follows:
1. Position the cursor in the cell where you want the result;
2. Click on the "sum" and press the ENTER key.

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3. The formula will be made including all the existing values in the cells of the row, or
column where the sum was placed.
If you do not want to add all the values mentioned above, you must go to the
formula bar and change the formula.

Subtraction
Subtract values contained in the cells. Symbol: "–". Example: =B2–C2

Multiplication
Multiply the values in the cells. Symbol: "*". Example: =B2*C2

Division
Divide the existing values in the cells. Symbol '/'. Example: =B2/C2

Percentage
To calculate percentage values, one should proceed as follows:
1. Click on the cell where you want to place the result (percentage), and put the sign
of equality (=).
2. Click on the cell where you want the percentage difference.
3. Place the subtraction sign (–).
4. Click on the cell you want to compare (percentage-wise).
5. Place the operation "subtraction" in parentheses (e.g. =(C4-B4).

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6. Place the division sign '/'.

7. Click again on the cell you want to compare (percentually).
8. Click on Accept in the formula bar.

Working with functions

Functions are excellent tools and can be used for return or display of
values based on various types of calculations. OpenOffice Calc provides a large number of
Functions. To insert a function into a spreadsheet, follow these steps:
1. Select the cell where the function will be placed.
2. Select the menu, then insert Function, or press Ctrl + F2, or even
In the formula bar, click on the Assistant: Functions button.
3. Select a function category in the category box.
4. Select the function name.
5. Click the Next button, or double-click on the function name.
harvested.
6. Fill in the requested arguments for the function.
7. Click OK.

Copying data
The data copy consists of duplicating it in another position on the spreadsheet. For
copy do the following:
1. Select the data to be copied.
2. Choose the option:
Edit↳Copy
3. Or by keyboard, Ctrl + C.

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4. Click on the first cell of the destination region.

5. Choose the option in the Menu Bar:
Edit↳Paste
6. Or by keyboard, Ctrl + V.

Moving data
Proceed as follows to move data using omouse:
1. Select the data to be moved with the mouse pointer.
2. Position the pointer over the selected area.
3. Keep the left mouse button pressed and drag to the first cell of the
chosen region as the destination.
4. Untie the mouse.
Proceed as follows to move data using the keyboard:
1. Select the data to be moved with the mouse pointer.
2. Press the keys Ctrl + X.
3. Select the cell where you want to move the data with the mouse.
4. Press the keys Ctrl + V.

Changing the height of the lines

Proceed as follows to change the row height:
Select the line or lines to be changed.
2. Choose the option from the menu:
Format↳Line↳Height
3. In the Line Height box, type the desired value and press OK.

Another way to change the line height is by using the mouse, following the steps
below:
Select the line(s).
2. Position the mouse pointer on the line bar, between one line and another. In this
in a moment, the hand of the house transforms.
3. Keeping the left mouse button pressed, drag it to the appropriate height.
and let go.

Changing the height of the columns

To change the height of the columns, proceed as follows:
1. Select the column or columns to be changed.

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2. In the menu bar, choose:

Format↳Column↳Width
3. In the Column Width box, enter the desired value and press OK.
4.
Another way to change the column width is by using the mouse, following the
same guidelines regarding the line, that is, positioning the column bar,
between one column and another.

Hiding rows and columns

Hiding rows and columns can be useful to preserve data and formulas that are not needed.
whether seen or not can be altered by the users of the spreadsheet. This feature can also
to be used to make the screen more 'clean', showing only what is really necessary to
the understanding of the data.
To hide:
1. Select the rows or columns through the menu:
Format ↳ Line/column
2. Then click on Hide.
To redisplay rows and columns:
1. Select the row or column immediately before and after the hidden section;
2. Click on the menu:
Format↳Row/column
3. Then click on Show.

Formatting the content of the cells

Font is the name given to the various types of letters available in OpenOffice Calc,
to improve the presentation of the spreadsheet or simply to highlight parts of it.
1. To choose the new font:
2. Select the cell or range of cells.
3. Select the option:
Format Cells
4. Select the Source tab.
5. Mark the desired options.
6. Click OK.
On this screen, you can format not only the font but also the numbers, font effects,
alignments, borders, and background of the selected cell or range of cells, in the
respective tabs.

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Sorting and classifying data

This operation allows you to arrange data in ascending or descending order. In
OpenOffice Calc allows the use of up to three different sorting keys, which can be by
lines or columns.
To sort data:
1. Select the data to be sorted (it can be entire columns).
2. Choose from the menu:
Data↳Classify
3. Choose the option "Ascending" or "Descending" for the first sorting option.
4. Determine the other options, if necessary.
5. Click OK.
The Options tab offers alternatives among them the "Direction" of the classification that defines whether
this will be done by rows or columns.

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Creating charts
First, select in the spreadsheet the data from which the chart will be generated.

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Choose from the menu: Insert ↳ Chart

The following window will be displayed:

This window shows the area of the spreadsheet where the data that will be used is located.
graph generation. On the left, there are two options:
First line as a label.

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2. First column as label.

On the right side, you can choose on which worksheet the chart should be inserted. Then
After making the selections, click on Next.

Select the type of chart.

The Show text elements field in the view: shows how the chart
It will be displayed in the spreadsheet. If the "Rows" option is selected, the legend will appear next to it.
graphic and if the 'Columns' option is selected, the legend will appear below each item. Click
inNext.

On the next screen, you will need to choose a chart title. Choose whether or not to include a legend. And
choose whether or not to put titles on the axes.

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Click on Create to complete the process.

OpenOffice Impress
OpenOffice Impress is one of the most used and approved presentation editors.
nowadays. This application allows the user to create, edit, and format slides, apply effects
of transition, insert images and many other resources necessary to create presentations
various. Below, an overview of Impress will be presented.

Getting to Know the OpenOffice Impress Assistant

When you open OpenOffice Impress, the Presentation Wizard will appear to assist you.

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in the preparation of the slides structure. To do this, just follow the indicated steps:
Step 1: Defining the Type of Presentation
In the first step, you will find options for the type of presentation such as:
["Empty presentation","From template","Open an existing presentation"]

If you want to create a new presentation, just check the option 'Empty presentation' and
click the Next>> button.
Step 2: Choosing the slide design
The next step refers to the choice of a ready-to-use design model and the
page type such as: Original, Transparency, Paper, Screen or Slide.

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If you want to create a new presentation without using the background templates of
OpenOffice, just select the Original option, the page type as Original and click
on the buttonNext>>.
Step 3: Choosing the effects and type of transition.
In this step you should choose the type of transition slide and the type of presentation.

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At the end of this step, press the Create button and the initial presentation will open in the window.
main OpenOffice Impress. Now just enhance your presentation by including
texts, images, graphs, and other items that you consider interesting to create your slides.

Getting to Know the Workspace

The workspace of OpenOffice Impress has become quite dynamic. The bars of
tools are displayed according to each type of application performed. The main bars
of tools are:
1. Menu Bar: Contains the main menus. Through this bar we can
access almost all the features of the tool.
2. Standard Toolbar: Displays the buttons for quick access to the apli-
basic actions such as: open, save, cut, copy, paste, etc.
3. Line Bar and Fill: Contains the buttons to access the commands
line, line color, area, area style, fill, etc.
4. Slide View Types: Displays the types of slide views.
5. Presentation Bar: It has quick access buttons to the tools of
presentation.
6. Slide Preview Area: A place where you can view all
osslidesem thumbnail.
[Link] Page: Area where all the slideshow editing takes place.
[Link]: Task tabs as master page, layouts, animations, and transitions
slides.
[Link] Bar: Contains all drawing tools.
4. Status Bar: Displays presentation information.

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Creating a new presentation

To create a new presentation quickly and easily, do the following:
1. In the Menu bar, click on:
File↳New↳Presentation
or
2. In the Standard toolbar, click on the button: New.

Opening an existing document

An important advantage of the OpenOffice tool is the option to open or save a
document for other file formats. These options allow the user to open
edited files in MS PowerPoint, Star Office and also from OpenOffice itself
previous versions, whose format changed from .sxi to .odp. This way you can

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open your presentations in formats .ppt, .sda, .sxd, .sti, .vor, etc., without any problems.
To open a presentation, simply:
3. In the Menu bar, click on:
File↳Open
you
4. In the standard toolbar, click the Open button
A window containing the presentation opening information will then appear.
Select the path where the desired presentation is located and then press the
Open button to load the desired file in OpenOffice Impress.

Recording a document
The process of recording a presentation is quite simple. Just like you
can open other file formats such as, for example, the .ppt of MS-Power Point, can-
also save the files in other formats, so that they can be opened in others
apps. To record a presentation, just:
In the Menu bar, click on:
File↳Save
you
In the Standard toolbar, click the Save button. .
A screen similar to the one used for opening a presentation will be displayed.
In this screen, you must indicate the path where the presentation should be saved, inform
a name for it and press the button Save.

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Inserting Figures in a Slide

To insert a figure in your slide, just click on the Menu bar, in:
Insert↳Figure↳From file...
Check the image below for the figure insertion screen. On this screen, click on the item
To visualize, choose the file related to the figure you wish to insert in your slide and click on the
Open button.

Changing the master slide

Slide master is a model that serves as a standard for all other slides in your
presentation. Next, it will be explained how you can set up your master slide. Worth
remember that all these settings can be executed on any slide that composes
your presentation.
Changing the Background
To change the background of the master slide, simply click on the Menu bar, in:
Display↳Main↳Master slide

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In the slide master, you can insert images or even use the tools of
drawings located in the Drawing bar of Impress. Below, it will be exemplified how
create a simple background.
First insert any figure and resize it:

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Note: Be very careful not to insert a small-sized figure, this could

cause a loss of resolution when resizing it to a larger size.
After inserting the image, it should be positioned behind the fields and texts.
To do this, simply right-click on the figure and choose the option:
Organize↳Send back
Then, use some drawing tools to make the presentation more
presentable. In the following example, the rectangle tool was used to create both.
red lines.

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In this way, the master page is already prepared, that is, all the new slides
The topics inserted in the presentation will come with this ready visual structure. To exit the slide.

master just click the button Close master display .

Changing the Layout
On each slide page, you will be able to set a different type of layout. The layouts are
ready-made formats for fields, where you can insert texts, figures, graphs, etc.
With the background already established, now you will have to define a layout for your
slide.
On the right side of OpenOffice Impress are the Task Tabs. Note
that there is a tab called Layouts. Clicking on this tab will bring up the ready-made templates
layouts, choose the one that is most convenient for the type of slideshow you are going to create. See the
Below are some ready-made layout models.

By hovering over the layout models, you will be able to know which fields
existing. Just fill in these fields in the desktop area of the slide.

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Editing and formatting texts

To define a text with standard formatting, just:
Select the text;
2. Click on the menu bar, at:
Format↳Standard
You can change the font regarding style, type, size, and highlighting options.
Bold, Italic and Underlined.
To change the font, just:
1. Select the text to assign the new formatting;
2. Change the formatting using the buttons on the Text Formatting bar.
illustration below containing the formatting items.

Manipulating Slides
After discussing how to change the layout of the slides and their formatting, it is important
talk about how to manipulate slides. Following that, common tasks such as copying will be addressed,
Cut and paste a slide, how to insert new slides, and how to delete them in your presentation.
To perform any of these tasks, it is necessary to initially select the slides on which
if you wish to carry out any of these operations.
Therefore, the selection cannot be left untreated.
Selecting Slides
The selection method of slides can be done in three ways:
To select only one slide in your presentation, just:
Click with the mouse on the desired slide in the preview area of slides.

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To select more than one slide in your presentation at once, simply:

1. Click on the desired slide in the slide preview area;
2. Press and hold the CTRL key;
3. Click the slides you want to select while holding down the CTRL key.
To select all the slides of your presentation at once, just:
1. Click on any of the slides in the slides preview area;
2. Press the keys: CTRL + A
you
In the menu bar, click on:
Edit↳Select all
Cutting and Pasting Slides
The process of cutting a slide and pasting it in another location is simple. To do this:
1. Select the desired slide(s);
2. Press the CTRL + X keys;
3. Position in the place where the cut slider should be inserted;
4. Press the CTRL V keys to paste it;
You can also cut and paste slides through the menu bar. See how:
Select the desired slide(s);
2. In the Menu bar, click on Edit ↳Cut;
3. Position the cursor where you want to insert the cropped slider;
4. In the Menu bar, click Edit ↳ Paste.
Outra forma de recortar e colar é através dos botões na barra de ferramenta Padrão, para
that's it
1. Select the desired slide(s);
2. In the Standard toolbar, click the Cut button;
3. Position it at the location where you want to insert the cut slider;

4. In the Standard toolbar, click the Paste button .

Copying and Pasting Slides
The process of copying a slide and pasting it in another location is simple, see how:
1. Select the desired slide(s);
2. Press the keys CTRL + C;
3. Place the cursor at the location where you want to insert the copied slide;
4. Press the keys CTRL + V to paste it.
To copy and paste slides through the menu bar, just:
1. Select the desired slide(s);
2. In the Menu bar, click on Edit ↳Copy;
3. Position the cursor where you want to insert the copied slide;
4. In the Menu bar, click on Edit ↳ Paste.
The same copy and paste process for slides can be done through the buttons of
Standard toolbar for this:
1. Select the desired slide(s);

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2. In the Standard toolbar, click the Copy button ;

3. Place the cursor at the location where you want to insert the copied slide;

4. In the Standard toolbar, click the Paste button. .

Deleting Slides
To delete slides, the process is quite simple, see:
Primeiramente selecione osslidesque deseja excluir na área de pré-visualização;
Press the DELETE key.

Visualizing Presentations
To display the presentation, follow the steps below:
1. Select the first slide in the preview area, indicating that it presents-
Action will start from the first page;
2. Na área deTarefas, clique na abaTransição de slides;
3. Click the slideshow button to start the presentation;
During the presentation, you will be able to navigate the slides using the arrow keys.
keyboard or simply clicking with the left mouse button.

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Basic Computing Professor: Fábio Ferreira

11. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

VELLOSO, Fernando de [Link]: CONCEITOS BASICOS.8. ed. Rio
Rio de Janeiro: Campus / Elsevier, 2011. 392 p.

SILVA, Mario Gomes Da. Computer Science: Basic Terminology: Windows XP,
Word XP, Excel XP. 4th ed. São Paulo: Érica, 2008. 382 p.

RUA, [Link] O Office Livre.1. ed. Lisboa: Ist Press, 2008. 352 p.

BARRIVIERA, Rodolfo; CANTERI, Marcelo Giovanetti. Basic Applied Informatics

to Sciences Agrarian. Londrina: Eduel, 2008. Available em:
[Link] Accessed on: April 9, 2012.
COSTA, Edgard Alves. [Link] - from theory to practice. Rio de Janeiro:
Brasport, 2007. 208 pages. Available at: <[Link]
Accessed on: April 9, 2012.
CAPRON, H. L., JOHNSON, J.A. Introduction to Computer Science. 8th ed. São Paulo: Prentice
Hall, 2004.
RAMALHO, J. A. Introduction to Computer Science: theory and practice. 4th ed. São Paulo:
Future, 2003.

CHANDLER, A. D. Electronic Century: The History of Industry Evolution

Electronics and Computer Science. São Paulo: Campus, 2002.

OLIVEIRA, R. S.; CARISSIMI, A. S.; TOSCANI S. S. Operating Systems. 2nd ed.

Porto Alegre: Sagra Luzzatto, 2001.

READER'S DIGEST. Learn to use the computer and the internet through
images. 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro: Reader's Digest Brazil, 1999.

SANTANA FILHO, [Link]ção à internet. 6. ed. Editora Senac, 2006.

ISSA, Najet M. K. Iskandar. Word 2007. São Paulo, Senac São Paulo, 2007.

KUNZE, ROMMEL. Word 2000. 2nd ed. KCM, 2007.

MANZANO, José Augusto N. G, MANZANO, André Luís N. G. Directed study of

MS Office Excel 2003: avançado. São Paulo: Érica, 2004.
VERRONE, Antonio. Creating Professional Spreadsheets with Excel. 2nd ed.
Florianópolis: Visual Books, 2005.
ANDRADE, Maria Angela S. Power Point 2003. 1st ed., Senac Publishing, 2004.

MANZANO, André Luiz N. G. Microsoft Office Power Point 2003. 1st ed., Publisher
Erica, 2004.

Microsoft – Manual Windows XP

Microsoft - Windows Assistant

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Basic Computer Science Professor: Fábio Ferreira

Silva, Mário Gomes [Link]ática:Terminologia Básica: Windows XP,Word

XP, Excel XP - 9th ed. - São Paulo: Érica, 2007.

12. SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

VELLOSO,[Link]ática: conceitos bá[Link]. Campus, 2004. 109

CARVALHO, G. LOTITO, A. Internet Access Technologies. 1st ed. Publisher

Novatec, 2005.

WILLIAM R. CHESWICK, STEVEN M. BELLOVIN, and AVIEL D. RUBIN. Firewallse

internet security.2nd ed. Bookman Publishing, 2005.

13. RECOMMENDED READINGS

MACHADO, A., OLIVEIRA, F., VENEU, A. Linux Start Here. Rio de Janeiro:
Elsevier, 2005.

POGUE, [Link] OS X: o Manual Completo. Rio de Janeiro: Campus, 2003.

BRAGA, William. Elementary Informatics: Windows XP, Word 2003 and Excel
2003. 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro: Alta Books, 2007.

FRYE, [Link] Office Excel 2007. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2008.

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