Vector Operations and Properties Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsVector Operations and Properties Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsVECTORS AND GEOMETRY
ANALYTICS ProfMatheus
Coast
OPERATIONSWITHVECTORS
1)ADDITIONOFVECTORS
Be and two arbitrary vectors and the vector that represents the
sum between them = + ).
1.1) Polygon rule: We will use representatives of and such
that the end of one meets the origin of the other. Thus,
to find the vector we just need to close a polygon. The direction
of it will be from the beginning of the first vector to the end of the second, as in
figure
1.2) Parallelogram Rule: Let's use representatives of e such
that the origins of both coincide. By the end of each
one of them, we will draw a segment parallel to the other, forming a
parallelogram. The vector is the diagonal of the parallelogram, with the same
origin of e , as in the figure:
1.3)PROPERTIESOFADDITION
Commutative: + = +
Associative:( + ) + = +( + )
Neutralelement:v + 0 = 0 + v = v
Opposite vector:Whatever it may be , there is a unique vector− ,
calledoppositevectorto ,suchthat + − = -v+v=0
2)DIFFERENCEBETWEENVECTORS
Thevector = − isreferredtoasthedifferencebetween and .
Tofindit,wejustneedtofindthesumvectorbetween and the
oppositeof (− ).Thatis, = + (− ) .
Note:ifwemaketheparallelogrambetween and ,adiagonalthat
doesnotrepresentthesumbetweenthem,itrepresentsthedifference
3)MULTIPLICAÇÃODEUMVETORPOR
SCALE
Givenavectorv ≠ 0itisarealnumberk≠0,itiscalled
scalarproductscalar htroughtevecotr ,thevector = suchthat:
i) = .
ii) hasthesamedirectionas
iii) hasthesamemeaningas ifk > 0theoppositemeaningof ,ifk < 0
Obs:
Ifk = 0orv = 0,theproductisthevector0.
Beavectorkv,withv≠0Ifwedoitwiththerealnumber
bytraversingthesetRofrealnumbers,wewilobtainallthe
infinitelycollinearvectorstoa .
1
Theunitvectorofavectorv ≠ 0itistheunitvector =. or
| |
=
| |
Infact,heisunitary,because| | = = =1
Itisconcludedthat = . ,thatis,thevector itistheproductof
its magnitude by the unit vector of the same direction and the same
senseof .
3.1)PROPERTIESOFMULTIPLICATION
OFAVECTORBYASCALAR
Be e anyvectorsand e realnumbers,
we have:
Associative: =( )
Distributivepropertywithrespectotheadditionofscalars:
+ = +
Distributivepropertywithrespecttovectoraddition:
+ = +
Identity:1. =
EXERCISES
1)Letthevectorsbelowbesuchthat = 2u; v=3ue|w|=5u
Makeadrawingtorepresent:
a) +
b)2u-v+w
1
c)u-2v-w
2
2)Let the vectors below be such that = 5u;v= 10u;s = + e
= − .Determine:
a)| |
b)| |
REFERENCES
STEINBRUCH,Alfredo;WINTERLE,[Link].
[Link].SãoPaulo:PersonMakronBooks,1987