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Signal Processing Tutorial Questions

The document contains a series of tutorial questions focused on signal processing concepts, including signal manipulation, periodicity, boundedness, system properties, and linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It requires sketching signals, determining properties of various signals, and analyzing systems for characteristics such as causality and invertibility. Additionally, it includes tasks related to convolution and system responses to specific input signals.

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ramsworking765
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10 views3 pages

Signal Processing Tutorial Questions

The document contains a series of tutorial questions focused on signal processing concepts, including signal manipulation, periodicity, boundedness, system properties, and linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It requires sketching signals, determining properties of various signals, and analyzing systems for characteristics such as causality and invertibility. Additionally, it includes tasks related to convolution and system responses to specific input signals.

Uploaded by

ramsworking765
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial 1 Questions

1. Given the signal shown below:


x(t)
2

1
t
0 1 3

Sketch the signal y(t) =

a) 𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑥(𝑡 − 1)
b) 𝑥(−2𝑡)
c) 𝑥(𝑡 − 1)𝑢(𝑡 − 1)
d) 𝑥(2𝑡) + 𝑥(3𝑡)
e) 𝑥(3𝑡 − 1)

2. Sketch the even and odd part of the signals below:


a)
x(t)
3

t
0 2

b) x(t)

t
-1

3. Determine which of the following signals are periodic, and specify the fundamental
period.
a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜋 cos (2𝜋𝑡 + 𝜋)

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b) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑡)
c) 𝑥(𝑡) = ∑∞
−∞ 𝑢(𝑡 − 2𝑘) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 1 − 2𝑘)

d) 𝑥(𝑡) = 3𝑒 2−𝑗3𝜋𝑡
𝜋
e) 𝑥[𝑛] = (−1)𝑛 + 𝑒 𝑗𝑛 2

4. Suppose that x1(t) and x2(t) are periodic signals with respective fundamental periods T1
𝑇 𝑚
and T2. Show that if there are positive integers m and n such that: 𝑇1 = (that is, the
2 𝑛

ratio of fundamental periods is a rational number), then 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡) is


periodic. If the condition holds, what is the fundamental period of x(t)?
5. Determine which of the following signals are bounded, and specify a smallest bound.
a. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
b. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 𝑢(−𝑡)
c. 𝑥(𝑡) = 4𝑒 −6|𝑡|
d. 𝑥(𝑡) = 2𝑡𝑒 −3𝑡 sin(𝑡 5 ) 𝑢(𝑡)
6. Given the signal 𝑥[𝑛] = δ [n] − δ[n − 1], sketch y[n] =
a. 𝑥[4𝑛 − 1]
b. 𝑥[𝑛]𝑢[1 − 𝑛]
c. 3𝑥[−2𝑛 + 3]
d. 𝑥[2𝑛] − 𝑥[1 − 𝑛]
𝜋
7. For the discrete-time signal 𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑒 −𝑗( 2 )𝑛 :
a) Is x[n] periodic? If so, what is its fundamental period?
b) Is x[n] an even signal?
c) Is x[n] an odd signal?

8. Determine if each of the following systems is: casual, memoryless, time invariant,
linear or stable. Justify your answer:
a. 𝑦(𝑡) = 2𝑥(𝑡) + 3𝑥 2 (𝑡 − 1)
b. 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑡)𝑥(𝑡)
𝑡−1
c. 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫−∞ 𝑒 𝑇 𝑥(𝑇)𝑑𝑇
𝑡−1
d. 𝑦(𝑡) = 2 + ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑇)𝑑(𝑇)
e. 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(−𝑡)
f. 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(3𝑡)

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g. 𝑦(𝑡) = 3𝑥(𝑡) − |𝑥(𝑡 − 3)|
h. 𝑦[𝑛] = 3𝑥[𝑛]𝑥[𝑛 − 1]
i. 𝑦[𝑛] = 4𝑥[3𝑛 − 2]
j. 𝑦[𝑛] = ∑𝑛𝑘=𝑛−3 cos (𝑥[𝑘])

9. Determine if each of the following systems is invertible. If not, specify two different
input signals that yield the same output. If so, give an expression of the inverse systems
a. 𝑦(𝑡) = cos[𝑥(𝑡)]
b. 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥 3 (𝑡 − 4)
c. 𝑦[𝑛] = (𝑛 − 1)𝑥[𝑛]
d. 𝑦[𝑛] = ∑𝑛𝑘=−∞ 𝑥[𝑘]
e. 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] − 𝑥[𝑛 − 1]
10. For each pair of systems S1, S2 specified below, give a mathematical description of the
cascade connection S2(S1).
a. 𝑦1 [𝑛] = 𝑥12 [𝑛 − 2], 𝑦2 [𝑛] = 3𝑥2 [𝑛 + 2]
b. 𝑦1 [𝑛] = ∑𝑛𝑘=−∞ δ[k]𝑥1 [𝑛 − 𝑘], 𝑦2 [𝑛] = ∑𝑛𝑘=−∞ 2δ[n − k]𝑥2 [𝑘]
11. Suppose an LTI system with input signal: 𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑢[𝑛] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 2] has the response
𝑦[𝑛] = 2𝑟[𝑛] − 2𝑟[𝑛 − 2]. Sketch the input signal and output signal, and also sketch
the system response of each of the input signals below:
a. 𝑥𝑎 [𝑛] = 3𝑢[𝑛 − 1] − 3𝑢[𝑛 − 3]
b. 𝑥𝑏 [𝑛] = 𝑢[𝑛] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 1] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 2] + 𝑢[𝑛 − 3]
c. 𝑥𝑐 [𝑛] = 𝑢[𝑛] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 4]
12. Consider a system described by:

𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑒 −2(𝑡−𝑇) 𝑥(𝑇 − 1)𝑑𝑇
−∞

a. Show that this is an LTI system.


b. Compute the unit-impulse response of the system
c. Compute the response of the system to 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 1) by convolution and
then by using the fact that the unit-step response of an LTI system is the running integral
of the unit-impulse response.

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Common questions

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The signal x(t) = e^(jπcos(2πt + π)) is periodic with a fundamental period T = 1. This is because the term cos(2πt + π) inside the exponential function is periodic with period of 1. Therefore, x(t) retains this periodicity .

The signal x(t) = e^(3t)u(t) is not bounded because as t tends to infinity, e^(3t) also tends to infinity. Since the signal becomes unbounded over time, it does not have a finite bound .

To test time-invariance, apply a time shift to the input and evaluate if the output shifts equivalently. For y(t) = cos^2(t)x(t), if the input is shifted, the output becomes cos^2(t-τ)x(t-τ). Since cos^2(t) is a function of time and not affected by the shift in x(t), the system is not time-invariant .

The unit impulse response, h(t), is computed by applying δ(t) as input: x(T-1)=δ(T-1). This replaces unit input, output h(t)=e^(-2(t-1)) for T = 1 substituting input delay. Therefore, h(t)=e^(-2(t-1)) represents impulse response via its exponential form .

The system is linear due to integration (satisfies superposition). Time-invariance checks if output is T-shifted by same input T-shift: y(t-τ) = ∫ e^(-2(t-τ-T))x(T-1)dT aligning with input delay, confirming time-invariance. Thus, it confirms LTI system .

To check invertibility, determine if a unique output y[n] produces a unique input x[n]. In y[n] = (n-1)x[n], non-zero multipliers ((n-1) for n ≠ 1) imply different x[n] could lead to the same output if n = 1 results in 0 over x[1]. Thus, it's not invertible. Two different inputs x[n] = 1 for n > 1, and x[n] = 0 otherwise both give y[1] = 0 .

Convolve input x(t) with impulse response h(t)=e^(-2(t-1)). Solution: y(t)=∫(e^(-2(t-T))(u(T-1)))dT from T=-∞ to t gives step-interaction splitting into two parts, occurring when convolution reaches step cutoff: transitions at 0≤t<1 give y(t)=∫e^(-2(t-T))dT=1/2(1-e^(-2t)); t≥1 results full input, step decreases e^(-2(t-1)) truncated at 1: y(t)=1-e^(-2(t-1)).

To determine if the system is linear, it must satisfy both additivity and homogeneity. While the first term 2x(t) satisfies these properties, the second term 3x^2(t-1) does not because of the squaring operation, which violates both additivity and homogeneity. Hence, the system is not linear .

The signal x(t) = sin^2(t) is periodic. To determine its fundamental period, note that sin^2(t) can be expressed using the identity sin^2(t) = 1/2 - 1/2 cos(2t). The cosine term has a fundamental period of π, making the entire expression periodic with this period .

The signal y[n] = e^(-j(π/2)n) is periodic if e^(-jπ/2)^(n+N) = e^(-jπ/2)^n for some integer N. This reduces to (e^(-jπ/2))^N = 1, which is true for N = 4, the smallest positive integer, making the signal periodic with a fundamental period of 4 .

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