Masonry
01
Introduction to Masonry
Introduction to Masonry
A masonry structure is formed by combining masonry units, such as stone, blocks, or brick, with mortar.
Masonry is one of the oldest construction materials.
02
Masonry Units
Classification of Masonry Units
Masonry units can be classified as:
Concrete masonry units Clay bricks Structural clay tiles
Glass blocks Stone
Concrete Masonry Units
Solid concrete units are commonly called concrete bricks, while
while hollow units are known as concrete blocks, hollow blocks, or
blocks, or cinder blocks.
Weight Classification Unit Weight Mg/m3 (Ib/ft3) Maximum Water Absorption kg/m3 (Ib/ft3)
Lightweight Less than 1.68 (105) 288 (18)
Medium weight 1.68–2.00 (105–125) 240 (15)
Normal weight 2.00 (125) or more 208 (13)
Properties of Concrete Masonry Units
1 Concrete masonry units can be classified as load bearing 2 Load-bearing units must satisfy a higher minimum
(ASTM C90) and non-load bearing (ASTM C129). compressive strength requirement than non-load-bearing
units, as shown in the table.
Type Minimum Compressive Strength Based on Net Minimum Compressive Strength Based on Net Area MPa
on Net Area MPa (psi) for Area MPa (psi) for
Average of Three Units Individual Units
Load bearing 13.1 (1900) 11.7 (1700)
Non-load-bearing 4.1 (600) 3.5 (500)
03
Clay Bricks
Clay Bricks
The clays used for brick making vary
Clay bricks are small, rectangular blocks Clay bricks are used for different
widely in composition from one place
made of fired clay. purposes, including building, facing and
to another.
aesthetics, floor making, and paving.
Absorption and Durability
Absorption is one of the important properties that determine According to ASTM C67, absorption by 24-hr submersion,
the durability of bricks. absorption by 5-hr boiling, and saturation coefficient are
calculated as:
04
Mortar
Mortar
Mortar is a mixture of cementitious Mortar can be classified as cement-lime Mortar is used for bonding masonry
material, aggregate, and water. mortar, cement mortar, or masonry units together, serving as seating
cement mortar. material, leveling units, and providing
aesthetic quality.
Types of Mortar
Mortar is manufactured in four types: M, S, N, and O.
The minimum average compressive strengths of types M, S, N, and O at 28
days are 17.2, 12.4, 5.2, and 2.4 MPa (2500, 1800, 750, and 350 psi) (ASTM
C270).
05
Grout
Grout
The minimum compressive
Grout is a high-slump concrete
strength of grout is 14 MPa (2000
consisting of portland cement,
psi) at 28 days, according to ASTM
sand/ fine gravel, water, and
C476.
sometimes lime.
MORTAR AND GROUT
06
Plaster
Plaster
Plaster is a fluid mixture of portland cement, lime, sand, and The average compressive strength of plaster is about 13.8 MPa
water, used for finishing either masonry walls or framed (2000 psi) at 28 days.
(wood) walls.
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