Word Definition Importance Picture
Demand The quantity that it shapes economic
people wish to consume systems, resource
allocation, and
population distribution
Fair Trade International trade that It addresses issues of
provides greater equity inequality and
to workers and small sustainability in global
businesses in trade
developing countries
Gender Inequality Measures the gender helps measure and
Index (GII) gap in the dimensions understand the extent of
of reproductive health, gender disparity in
empowerment, and various aspects of life,
labor market such as reproductive
health, empowerment,
and labor market
participation
Gross National Income The value of the output provides a measure of a
(GNI) of goods and services country's total income,
produced in a year which helps in
understanding its
overall wealth and
development
Inequality Adjusted HDI, but modified to provides a more
HDR (IHDI) account for inequality nuanced understanding
in a country of human development
by accounting for
inequalities within a
country
Literacy Rate The percentage of a a crucial indicator of
country’s people who development and
can read or write socio-economic
progress
Primary Sector Activities that extract it represents the initial
materials from the earth stage of economic
activity, focusing on
extracting raw materials
from the environment
Secondary Sector Manufacturers that for understanding
process, transform, and economic development,
assemble raw materials industrialization, and
into useful products the relationship
between nations
Supply The quantity of crucial for
something available for understanding global
sale trade, resource
distribution, and
economic disparities
Uneven Development the unequal distribution it highlights the
of economic growth, unequal distribution of
social progress, and resources, wealth, and
technological opportunity across the
advancement within globe, influencing
and between different global interactions,
regions or nations migration patterns, and
social and economic
inequalities
Rostow’s Model of A theory that all it provides a simplified
Development countries develop in the framework for
same 5 steps understanding the
stages of economic
development a country
might experience
International Monetary Provides loans to it plays a key role in
Fund (IMF) countries experiencing promoting global
balance-of-payments economic stability and
that threaten growth by providing
international trade short-term loans to
countries facing
economic difficulties,
offering technical
assistance, and
monitoring global
financial systems
Quinary Sector the highest level of represents the highest
decision-making and level of
policy-making, often decision-making and
involving top leadership in a society
executives and officials or economy
in government, science,
universities, and other
influential sectors
World Trade the only global for understanding
Organization (WTO) international global trade,
organization dealing globalization, and the
with the rules of trade interconnectedness of
between nations economies
Development The process of provides a framework
improving the condition for understanding how
of people through the societies progress, the
diffusion of technology challenges they face,
and knowledge and the spatial patterns
that emerge as a result
Foreign Direct Investment by a foreign it significantly impacts
Investment (FDI) country in the economy a nation's economic
of another country development,
international trade, and
global
interconnectedness
Gross Domestic GNI, but doesn’t quantifies a nation's
Product (GDP) account for money that economic output and
leaves or enters a provides insight into its
country overall economic health
and development
Human Development The combination of a provides a
Index (HDI) decent standard of comprehensive measure
living, a long and of a country's
healthy life, and access development beyond
to knowledge to just economic
determine development indicators like GDP
Microfinance the provision of small it directly impacts
loans and other economic development,
financial services to poverty reduction, and
low-income individuals gender equality by
or groups who are providing financial
typically excluded from services to those
traditional banking excluded from
systems traditional banking
systems
Millennium a set of eight they offer a concrete
Development Goals time-bound, example of
internationally international
agreed-upon development efforts
development goals that and their impact on
aimed to improve global inequalities and
human well-being in sustainable
developing countries development
Purchase Power Parity An adjustment to GNI provides a more
(PPP) to account difference in accurate measure of
cost of goods in economic output and
countries standard of living
across countries
compared to using
nominal GDP
Structural Adjustment a set of economic they represent a key
Program policies imposed by aspect of globalization
institutions like the and development,
IMF and World Bank impacting economic,
on developing countries social, and political
in exchange for loans systems in developing
nations
Tertiary Sector the economic activities It's a major driver of
that provide services, economic development,
rather than producing offering employment
tangible goods opportunities and
contributing to a
country's economic
diversification
Dependency Theory explains how the global it offers a perspective
economy perpetuates on understanding why
inequalities by keeping some countries remain
certain countries underdeveloped while
dependent on more others are more
developed nations for developed
resources, technology,
and capital
Four Asian Dragons Some activities are they represent a case
attracted to different study of rapid
nodes while some are industrialization and
repelled economic development
in East and Southeast
Asia
Quaternary Sector knowledge-based understanding
industries that focus on economic development,
technology, technological
information, research, advancements, and
and development knowledge-based
economies
World Bank an international its impact on global
financial institution and economic development,
a key player in global poverty reduction, and
development, with the international relations
main goal of reducing
poverty and promoting
sustainable
development