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Economy and Agriculture Overview

The document outlines key aspects of India's economy and agriculture, highlighting energy dependence, industrial contributions, and land reforms. It discusses food processing challenges, malnutrition issues, and the agricultural sector's significance, including crop production and livestock contributions. Additionally, it addresses labor statistics, social security, skill development, and the startup ecosystem, while noting poverty levels and logistics costs.

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Chetan Sharma
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10 views3 pages

Economy and Agriculture Overview

The document outlines key aspects of India's economy and agriculture, highlighting energy dependence, industrial contributions, and land reforms. It discusses food processing challenges, malnutrition issues, and the agricultural sector's significance, including crop production and livestock contributions. Additionally, it addresses labor statistics, social security, skill development, and the startup ecosystem, while noting poverty levels and logistics costs.

Uploaded by

Chetan Sharma
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Economy & Agriculture Notes

Energy
- 55% coal → 2nd largest importer & consumer
- 85% of oil needs met by import (largest: Russia)
- 81% import dependence

Industry
- Industry = 31% of GDP, 12 crore people employed
- Manufacturing: 16% of GDP, people, 2nd largest mobile market
- MSME: 62% share in employment, 45% in exports
- Startup ecosystem: 3rd largest globally
- Reports: Mani Shankar Committee, Bimal Jalan Committee
- Keilkar Committee → financial reforms

Land Reforms
- 97% of villages computerized land records (BhuNaksha in 77% districts)
- 66% pending cases = property disputes
- Committees: C. N. Wanchoo Committee, SVAMITVA, ULPU, DILRMP

Food Processing
- 2.2 lakh crore (GVA), worth $460 billion
- 30% post-harvest loss
- Employs 74 lakh people, 12% of agri exports
- Processing rate: 2% fruits, 35% milk, 67% poultry, 8% marine
- Wastage: 30% food wasted (only 6% of perishables processed)
- Committee: Meena Kumari Committee

PDS
- 195 million malnourished people under 5
- 58% Anemia, 41% Stunting
- Shanta Kumar Committee → PDS reforms

Agriculture
- 16% of GVA, 46% total workforce
- Top producers: Rice (2nd), Maize (7th), Pulses (1st), Tea (2nd), Meat (5th), Egg (3rd)
- Livestock sector: 30% of agri GDP, 8% CAGR
- Ashok Dalwai Committee → Doubling Farmers’ Income

Raw Materials
- 40% mechanization vs 90% (USA)
- 80% tractors manufactured in India
- Fertilizers: 25% imported
- NABARD, PMBJP, One Nation – One Fertilizer
- Agri credit: 37% of GDP

Subsidies
- 82% reach top 20% of farmers
- 2 lakh crore fertilizer subsidy

Allied Agriculture
- India = 1st in organic farmers, 9th in organic produce area
- Research: 0.1% of GDP
- Total food grain production = 330 MMT
- Cold storage only 145 MMT

MSP
- Benefits only 6% of farmers (Shanta Kumar Committee)
- 94% paddy farmers in Punjab benefit, but only 5% in UP

Economy

Labour & Employment


- LFPR: 55%
- Rural: 60%, Urban: 50%
- Male: 78%, Female: 49%
- Self-employment: 57%

Social Security
- 90% workforce in informal sector
- 62% population is 15–59 years; 55% below 25 years

Skill Development
- 5% of total workforce undergone formal training
- Schemes: PMKVY, 1.5 crore candidates trained

Startups
- India = 3rd largest startup ecosystem
- DPIIT registered startups: 1.5 lakh
- 92% of funds raised in 3 cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru)

Poverty
- $2.15/day → 80% population
- PMJDY: 55% accounts in rural areas
- 48% women entrepreneurs

Digital/Satcom
- 80% men use mobile, 65% women

Housing
- 5% of GDP from real estate
- 17+ smart cities

Banking
- Public sector banks: 70% market share
- 12 public, 21 private, 44 foreign banks
- NPA: 6%

Logistics
- Cost: 14–18% of GDP (global average: 9–11%)
- Target: Reduce to 8% by 2030

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