Data-Intensive Applications:
Modeling and Design
This presentation explores data-intensive applications. We'll define these
systems and explore their characteristics. We'll also look at modeling
techniques and future trends. Learn how to design scalable and robust
data solutions.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Designing Data-Intensive
Applications
Data-intensive applications tackle challenges of volume, velocity, and
variety. These drive innovation across industries. Understanding their
characteristics and design principles is crucial.
Characteristics of Data-Intensive Applications
Data Volume Data Velocity Data Variety Data Veracity
Petabytes to exabytes. Real-time processing. Structured, semi-structured, Noisy, inconsistent data.
Facebook: 300+ PB. CERN: unstructured. Sentiment analysis, sensor
1+ EB. data.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Key Design Challenges
1 Scalability
Handling growing data and users. Twitter scales to 500M tweets/day.
2 Reliability
Fault-tolerance and availability. Netflix has 99.99% uptime.
3 Efficiency
Optimizing resource use and latency. Google Search in under 0.5
seconds.
4 Maintainability
Easy operation, monitoring, and evolution. Kubernetes for containers.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Data Modeling and Storage
Relational (SQL) NoSQL Polyglot
Persistence
Structured data. Unstructured data,
Financial, inventory. scalability. MongoDB, Multiple databases.
Redis, Neo4j. Netflix: Cassandra,
Redis, MySQL.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Data Processing and Analytics
1 Batch Processing
Large datasets in bulk. Hadoop MapReduce, Spark.
2 Stream Processing
Continuous data streams. Kafka, Flink.
3 Lambda Architecture
Batch and stream for speed and accuracy.
4 Data Warehousing/Lakes
Structured/unstructured data analysis. Snowflake, Redshift, S3.
System Architecture and Scalability
Horizontal Scaling Vertical Scaling Microservices Containerization
Adding more machines. Upgrading existing Independent services. Docker and Kubernetes for
Load balancing. machines. Netflix, Uber. microservices.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Case Studies
Netflix Uber Airbnb Facebook
Recommendation engine Real-time ride tracking. 95M Fraud detection and Social network analysis.
using machine learning. users monthly. personalization. $3.4B 3.07B daily active users.
~500 TB data daily. revenue (Q1 2024).
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Future Trends & Conclusion
Serverless Computing Edge Computing
Pay-as-you-go execution. AWS Lambda, Azure Functions. Processing data closer to the source. IoT, vehicles.
AI/ML Quantum Computing
Automated data processing. Recommendations. Potential for exponential speedups.
Data-intensive apps drive innovation. They require careful architectural decisions.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Key Characteristics of Data-Intensive Systems
Scale Complexity Real-time Reliability
Requirements
Handles massive datasets, Manages intricate data Ensures data consistency
from terabytes to relationships. Processes data with and availability
petabytes. Facebook Recommendation systems minimal latency. High-
processes over 4 petabytes analyze user behavior. frequency trading needs
daily. sub-millisecond responses.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Challenges in Modeling Data -Intensive Applications
1 Data Modeling Complexity 2 Scalability and Performance 3 Consistency and Fault
Tolerance
Designing schemas for unstructured Optimizing data access is crucial for
data is challenging. JSON large datasets. Implement sharding Maintaining integrity in distributed
documents in MongoDB need and replication. environments is vital. Use
careful planning. consensus algorithms like Paxos or
Raft.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Data Modeling Techniques: SQL vs. NoSQL
Relational Databases (SQL) NoSQL Databases
Strong consistency and a mature ecosystem. Ideal for Scalability and flexibility for unstructured data. Suitable for
financial transactions and inventory management. social media and IoT applications.
Examples: PostgreSQL, MySQL. Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra, Neo4j.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Data Warehousing: Star and Snowflake Schemas
Data W arehousing
A centralized repository for analytical reporting.
Star Schema
Fact table surrounded by dimension tables for sales, products, and time.
Snowflake Schema
Normalized dimension tables for reduced redundancy and improved querying.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Data Lakes: Schema-on-Read
Flexibility
Data Lakes Schema-on-Read
Store raw, unstructured data Apply schema when data is
in its native format. Flexible accessed, providing agility and
and scalable storage. adaptability to changing data
types.
Metadata Management
Catalog and govern data assets for discovery and compliance. Vital
for data quality.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Design Patterns for Data -
Intensive Applications
CQRS Event Sourcing Microservices
Separate read and Store all changes as a Decompose
write operations for sequence of events. applications into
optimized Reconstruct state by small, independent
performance and replaying services. Enhance
scalability. transactions. modularity and
resilience.
Future Trends and Best
Practices
1 Edge Computing
Process data closer to the source for faster insights. Reduces
latency and bandwidth usage.
2 AI-Powered Data Processing
Automate data analysis and decision
-making. Enhances
efficiency and accuracy.
3 Serverless Architectures
Abstract underlying infrastructure. Focus on code and event
-
driven processing.
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen
Examples of Data-Intensive
Applications
Big Data Analytics Real-Time Stream
Processing
Processing large datasets with
Hadoop and Spark to extract Handling continuous data
insights. streams with Apache Kafka
and Flink.
E-commerce Platforms
Managing user data, transactions, and product recommendations.
Key Characteristics Summary
1 Volume 2 Velocity
Handling large amounts of Processing data at high
data efficiently. speed in real-time.
3 Variety
Managing structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.