Indefinite Integral. (Anti- derivative) leo 5 ; 5 iS The process of finding anti-derivative. ie, nt 2 J xmas = Be, [ude = x a 2 4c Geometrical significance of — Anti-clerivative. Sxdx~ 46 = c= Indefinite Integral represents family of parallel curve. DM Pxhde 2 x oe eo {sec @eab) de = a : 5 “ = see Cax aby (Sec Carte) + tan exe), Jeoxsorax = Ges 5 Tsec Gath) + tancanbl) ann) 3 _ > sin Corsey-dae reosCaxse) QF & fassstorta(seccontn seencon gy a 4 Jeoscanserdse sin cans) ,, = dln Se2GOxsb) 4 ancora) a 2 te a 4 BRSby 1... 2 [ata are = hin (tan CZ + 8%) Jc Ina 9 Jexdx = e*% ac We J #C % Eg, = In(foo) + 400) (Fo) +6 a J tan Caxs si bydx = [ SOON 4 Lf - sin consd) xa a (asin ca, Cos@xsby = J costax ab) xa = 5 fakes, 8) J tan Carte) dy 53 In( C28 (ax) 4¢ : & In (sec (ax 4) 4¢ 9 fost (Dd = In(sin (ax am) 4 Scanned with CamScanner11) | [ese q@xsby de =-tfacse @uth (ese @xib) + cot@esb)] gy — ESC Cax4b) & cat CAx+6) fese Cans 6) dx = -E In Cesc(ax4b) +cat Caxtb)) +C a fese @xsbyex In (ese @x 46) - cot Cax¥b)) #C 4 a csi 2 J fC Caxtb)dx = £ tn [to sete) ee. 12) Jake = Siymtx+C = -cogtx4 C 19) (ate de = Costx 4c = -sintx4c! Tax 44) J BX og = dontx yc. 2-cottx4 c’ Ga) L 1s). 4 - s) & Raa “= Sectx 40 = -cscetx4 oc Scanned with CamScanneraw { Integration by Method of Transformation (Rearrangemeng 4 XA + x24 fotpnnceey for xa) & = Ox? = ah Exes 1) eee aT (2-41) [os x soa (xtae a (eds frde = Ba waxac @ { sinx- sin 4x dx &) [eosx. cos8x-dy =f cos*x: Cos? x dx 4 “ “ w \ ( aco) ae (14 cas22x + 2.c08@*) dy “ 4 4 : ft (Asces ts) aces 2x]dx = ra) a+ 4 \(4 - 4 : 4 acer s > ellie axt % J cose \ z axe c. & 32 3 sine fsin? x. sindx dx, = Sin? = cos2x) (Ssinx- Sin3x) g. ( @=25g22) Ganz sins) atx { (1 cos2x) (asinx- sin3xjdx [8 Sinx- sinag- B edinmcnsay + § Me gp DU DOL @ pe 4 Sesinx -5, cnx 4 sin Sx) dy - z =~ cosx + S cos: 4 co: 2 & 53x - 2 cossx ac {Gsine- Gin3x - 3Simx-coStx + Sinax-cogzx) Ax 4. asin dxas2x) dx cos 4x + 2cos 2x) dx 4, [ cos tx dx. ee a = 1-Gos2x 2 = gsiny - Sind, fesinx- sinax - 3 (sinax'-sinx) +7 Gin s+ sinx)}ax Scanned with CamScanner» f= ee Tae Beose 2 \sin (x13) sb { ese (X 8) dx = £ th [t(¥-8)) +c & { Gary | Stay j Gm yk Gye a 82 eByy a = x3 4) x = +h : {on ae 2 [Wace [ox x88 yxac als a (costa ~ sin?) = cos(aae) Gos 9) @cestax 4) : (Snea- sintgy = sintasy? $n C8), = cos Bx). CGS gy = SINS Ye casGy % is q \ er dx (x2). : | Wi-va)* de = [ede = [aa - fnae = 2 Liye ac vr feet aoe x3 dx sn Jone (43) dy = [toes dx + foe” dy ae 4 643) (a4) +C Scanned with CamScannerWT Jee Wegral. Cos pxt COsaQe]} | pe @ {es 6x + Cosa» gy -1 + sear | (cos sx ~1) vu cos(p-r)% +Cos @-r) x 5 [feos (Gs) ¥ + cos@-du]dx [ (cose + cosax) dy = Sink + Sindy 4 ¢ 4 Q@. | Gos 6x - cos3x) — oer G+ 2cossx) Sccos G-s) x ~ cos G~-s)x) dx ficos x - Co4x)dy = SINY ww SiN4e 4c 8 [Gin [Link] axdde 2 sf (asin -Sin 2x-sinax) dx : 1 aa { (cosx- casax) Sin ax dy = 4 j (eos. sinax ~. Cos3x- Sinex) che = 2 j (@sinax-cosx — Sinéx) de a = bff scosax _ cos2x4 cossx 4 4 a = 6 6 5 sin?7x - sin?sx yy. 2 { Sin 12%. sin 3x a Sinx cose ZSinx- cosx -2¢ lax ye = -SoSIZe4+C Mu 12 € Scanned with CamScanneree . Js —_. Sin& +b) sin G4) ei aeeoeres i . > Sine SiNGx+g) - &-b) au SINCX4aQ) Singtb) + SiIN@-p) I Cot (4b) -cot &-a) dx i . Finwae) ( In (sim Cx¥b)) - In (Sinceiay } c 1 ( D_sin Gb) ) rc Sin Ca-b) Sin(4+a), integration by Method of Substitutish. Nn > | Coo). b'&) dx let @@) st d(oq) = dt Pays dt s Jttyae ‘ era eg. f sintx?) x dx. 69. j ee Yet x2 = tet mst 2xdx edt dA Gaede ince yet sat J sin veg = dx dx sin) d o% = adt 4, | singrat % cost = -Cos (x2) c 2 2(etdt seek rc SOOO. C . J e® adt § 22ertac a Je dx S 1+ 2% 2 2e*erc let 742™ et ° Pinedx zat g¥ dx = at we Sr rh SS lL re © (tnd) ina nz Scanned with CamScannerPa 2. *-”- x 3 x 353+ dx . oe 3 be t - 7 % ‘3 f) <3 3 3 - (in 3). 3? (ina) d@%) = dt - Ei x 3 3% syns ale y edt 73 93 (inay2d% = at oe gia dy = St Qn3)* ‘ = t + |e = toc > BS 4c AB ana)? ed ana) eg. {ots one flew) faass ) dx We + 8) O . > tel eet sa ® let aus = tF : 7 = 2a.3t oat ax = &7-s/2 z = ; > 5a > ax 2 2 fedt 4ax atfdt > dy = 2tedt : > [ee S+3).t- 18 at . ‘ dt > fara 5 2/ Sh J +3 Jane > EH): | _etad > eran! (t)+k > atantue) +k : 9% fone +t?) at 1 Sacien Ty ttS. 4: BY ke ane { 1s a4 ‘ a1 {esi west el 1S oe Scanned with CamScanner&% vty v wv Y eg. | eer let Ger) = +2 x = that dx = 2t-dt 2tedt ttt stay | 241) b an” & tk = tan i tk (Sinx -cosxy dx Ze Sinex 140+ sinzx) Gsinx- cosx) dx 1+ Ginx-cosd* _GSine- cosy) dy, a (sin x osx)? [see GSinx—o9sx) gy | \ let Ginx + cos x) = b (Cosx- sin) de adt (Sinx - cosx) dv=-dt Sa dt 44te -tan7! (sinx + cosx) + ¢ | ("A +x) de let ey -tanlt+c tant x =t te dua dt (4x2) { stat 7 fan oe Ins 5 Ws Sink + cost dx Vi Sin2x «| 3S 1-Sinax = (sinx- cos x)* (Ginx +cosx) dx u Less (Sinx = cosx)® % In(sinx-cosx) +¢. By Substitution Method. > ‘let (Sinx-cosx)=t % dCsinx-cosx) = at >. Cosx+ simodx = at > Ginx- cose)? =e?" > 1-sinexr =t? st. = fe = int+c > Vie : : > In (Sinx-cosx) 40 eg, 7 |= ft+xt : y let a xb) =? » axt dx, s2tdt xTdx 2 tat iu ie ade dt. -_ = Exc te Scanned with CamScannerQ Ce-cot™*) G2 40) dx \ 28 a — let A-cottx = t A(x-cot?x) 7 at 3) dx zat —t)\dxedt > (team aoe G-orts) [aorstar = sot ae = 022 + In 2023 In 2023 Q \ (x2-1) dx (ey axtad rant(z—) Net tant (2241) = t A (tn (234) = © > 4 (xmt(xs 3)) edt 1 Geplf{ a) o = x Rit) dy sdt zs, x? ¥(24x2)- (x™1) de Lae (4443x241) ° - x Pyt . dt 2 In) 4c = bn (eer (224) * t @ sin3x dx (aos4 x + 3 cos x +8) (taN*(EECKA COE) | gts nt +e € 1 = let tant( secx +cosx) = & 2 Vn tanr(seenacosayre a ooo SSK FBX = Si ) dxz dt ( 1 4 (Gece cosxy® ee ee 1 2. siny d —+—___. 1. sim _ g,,) du = dt £ 2 (COse eet ( 1+ (Gay osx) 2, cos*x . (sinx — sinz cos dx =dt CoS4x4 3coS*at Co ( Sin32 ) ax = dt BS n+ Boost x4] Scanned with CamScannerSome \Spectals forms. 00s { e* (fo) 4 f'O)) de = e&% FON +e, Note: aCe Fex)) (% fO0 + e%4 1Q0) dx | =-(¢%0) +6 03) dx = RFGQ tC Note: dd (x fCx)) G. €Cx), + X F'Cx)) de eq. | e¥ ( sintx+ hl dx . e*. sintx 4¢ Pf eX (xara, = (ct 22 ak e a-1)7% 4 _ \ Gq oe * ean? oo & fx) [“(esm-= wo) > [GAA Cas) (3 ee Ans. F xa X+ Sin: eg. J tee™ (sing) + cost) dt i xtsina dy 14 OSX lett? om atdt = dy -: 7 a . ‘a (eae * aa) dx | e( siny + cosy) oY a ‘ x . ie _ #Cy) Ly) { — 2sin x. cos ax 4 { eY ( siny+ cosy) dy casa teat & 2 e% (Fey se = Ensen y tony ae 7 2 \ t e* (sin) +¢ - Fe) ees «®: tank 4 ¢). Scanned with CamScanner) x aw Jazxe ee x= abing oF {ee a feta at eS “yeaseco or xe a caec® 2 ot & La2z4xt — x 2afone or %* er) 2 asinee a-* a = cos 28 OF M3 ate 9 (fiw - | (Ee (SS * atx Ze 200s 26 Z(14 cose) Jet X= 200826 > du=-4sinze'de. ">, 92 £ cost GH) (x= 2e08 20) > (3) €4sin 2e-de) 1 Cox tne = -Sinee- 2-4f tan @- sin 26. dB : ' = -4(0- S22) 4e | _ U-Co88). sin 20,d8 > ~af G-cos2@) de = 3-4) “Sinze : ‘ Brak cost (x2) + 2 / Ea ac = = 2c0s(%) +h [4% J ‘ Bi dx eb tan-t.C%/a) +e ' xyz a : . a 1 le = tantx +0 \act ‘ | a+z2 (x24) : ‘ye let x=atane@ 9 = hran tx 7 alae di= asecra de ; ‘ a) . a bec%6 de = Asse2O do 'y 4. f a Grad J a*(tttante { a? sect ear 2 ae [de 0s bere sd ftertend £ (eanta)ac 4 Scanned with CamScannerqa dx $ at f axe on (x44 3) _ |. a x lea ayy Gt + a +2) 3. @%) i a = + San ate G14)" +(3) Vi )* —_*—_., 4 (x4 8/474 (2Y eg Sec2x dx tan2x 44 tane +7 1 4 (x4 Bley acl ee V4 Ma tanx = t w 7 danx) = dt 2 tant ( u+9y iz 3/4 (Seetx pahy = dt vas dt | t% 4 Att T ae) ant (HEE) HC j 42)? 4@)? ve =k tant ( 29082) 4 C 2g tent (54) X-@ xf th os do 43/40 * x2-Qe fer x = & Aecd wb po dx = 24¢eg fane do 4 ahece fare de. a Aesianeiee - | se on athete - a2 a? (Aec*6-1) @ =2 | secode a Vian 1 P L < p[oee + £ nfewo-oselec, Scanned with CamScanner27-68: = or 7 as FS = eae x= costs +tbsin?e v = = acos’e +bsinte -a - Q( coste-4) + bsiN7G =x /Bcestesrbsinte -a = [| OC coste-t) + bsin?y ~(2c0570+ bsin*6)-+b BC 1-Sin2@)- Aas = | =a sintee bine _ [(b-a) tans (b-q) Coste @-a Cae. = Vea)? cosbsinw = (b-a) cose sing = KX “g X73 dx, X= gcos2e +4 sin2o ‘ig = d+ sin2g 4-x , Sing = of%-S dx = Gasin 20 +4sin20) de dx = sin2ede {- CosO tang > “sap frane Sin 26 dO JG-cosze) de @-sin2O 4c sint( a3) — for ax/4~ + 5 yee) de xe ecoste F ane Mi c=nyes = = Sing fena Cex = ba) = > sing = fxa Xe costg + 2sinto = to sin? See - oa dy = (-sinze + 2sin26) a0 : dx = singe de > ¢ {zc 40) de i a sinee do - sin4é sin 26 n >» 4 (8 s rc 7229 19 DL sintya -sin( 4sin"Ve 4 | sin : oa . Ye (ange 5 4@) do | aoe Scanned with CamScannera2 or {eo (x-6) x= ase®e - b tan*g x-b Cr+ tana = sectg 7 X23 © 6-a) = (secta- 6 tan*a)-2 2-6 = aCsecte-t) - btan2e = (@-b) tan?e (-b) = G@sec2g-4 ean26) - = Qsecte -b (1+ tan) = @-5) secre ey = /@Q-+) tan26 - 13 ash IhenoeO ee (@-b) seca [ena Gow = (G-b)F ante Secte =[(a-b) S008 Ee Gea) Ga-a dx , X= 2se07@ - Stan*G & u—_ dx = (2 see%@ — 3tan*@)dx X= 2Ci+tan%)-gtantg = ® xa 2 tantie > dxs ~ 2tang -see*e de tan2g = (2-x) @ = {ax tants -| sing dan 6 -sec26 de -*{ dante seep d6 —> Solved & alee FUVUNVUVUU NRE e eee e ee ee eee ~- Scanned with CamScanner{Integration by Parts a, Tat R Te E i v ETF, Log Trig, Expo. fomry dxez ot fovax ~ [(E fore) te. Jona = 4 fete = {Ce fad) a log eg. fx sinx dx x [ina = [Cars sinc dx) dx fe =xcose + Sinx+C > -xcose + [ comde > Tr Jt vg. [chan > xf C%dx- [(eo* fecrax) dx a > x2e%~ fax. ex de eg sinticke i ae 2 (mets fr. ee > sintex= = x de Va > xte® - 2x-e¥+ 2e%4 C, lou eg. fase S simtee x +. (1-x?% +06 ke 4-xdxe ine -% fa e. [ar dx U-22) =t Inx x-x+4¢ d -2xdx = dt Ig Cone des In DS vsint 4 fae +e View - fas 2b | evveat Gas * ee tantix = 4 se o-tac fee de 2-4 any “4, ios ~ tanix- & Cs R ac . 4 ce Scanned with CamScanner: a2 ; TS] e%. sinx dx. > si es Sinz: et fase-ct dx D> Sinz. eX - (cosy. e% - [ -sinx-ex -dx 3S Sinv. eX ~ cose. e* [ sin eX dx > Sinz. e% - cosx-e* - I > = sinv.e% - cosx.e% -1 2r = Siny. eX- cosx-e* ros SGine cose) +C Note: {n above Problem ait we Cah Cngidend “4 funceton G ore [ sec2e ae - T I I= Sec - sec*g de Ts SECO. tans - [seco tang. tane de I= secg- tang - | Sec@- tan’o de | Ts seo. tane— f seca ( Sec%9-1) da T= sece- tana- [ sec39+ sec do I = Seca + tane-[ secdedt f sue ae » 1 = Step. tane- I + fsece de 2r = Seep. tang + In(Sece+ tang) T = $(Gee8- tone + In(Seco+ tang)) +c Scanned with CamScanner—xtcosx 4 = 22 Sinz xe —— — — COsk ’ ~ sine es ces >) fo- cos) d® axsint + 2cos* — cosy + 2x Sinx + zeose t © eg ice eX de T + ea : re — 4ed- ek 4b lax et x = 24x~ e + 24> ex - 0 Kex x4 eX 2 axBe% 4 12xte% - 24% ex + 24e% +C ¢ t+ ou eX. cosx dX D sy + r= cosket+sinxe™ - [eosee® ole a1 = oset+sine eX) 1 = S% ( cosx +sinz) +C. Z Scanned with CamScanner+ C I fy af YX? + Gitde D I Veta 1 x » Yxtay *) —— = tae . x2 dx Vx24G. x aT = Vxteaey - if hace dx Vuze he 74 fant x - [ Rar dans [Be = fxta-x - 1 af dx Yat 42% TiC ox a > 2 sec*e de [pee > fe = 2tone > [seco da = zsecte do In (secg + tane) in ({7 9 + 4) n (JG + x) -1n2 = «Way -t + 4( m(leno +2- 102] ak Mite + 4 In (Var tx) ) +e 4 Scanned with CamScanner