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Whole Numbers and Operations Guide

The document outlines fundamental operations with whole numbers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, along with their properties. It also covers factors, multiples, fractions, decimals, percentages, integers, and the order of operations (PEMDAS). Each section provides definitions, examples, and rules for performing various mathematical operations.

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10 views5 pages

Whole Numbers and Operations Guide

The document outlines fundamental operations with whole numbers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, along with their properties. It also covers factors, multiples, fractions, decimals, percentages, integers, and the order of operations (PEMDAS). Each section provides definitions, examples, and rules for performing various mathematical operations.

Uploaded by

timetowardssea
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

OPERATIONS WITH WHOLE NUMBERS


A. Addition

●​ Combine two or more numbers.​

●​ Properties:​

○​ Commutative: a + b = b + a​

○​ Associative: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)​

○​ Identity: a + 0 = a​

B. Subtraction

●​ Finding the difference between numbers.​

●​ Not commutative and not associative.​

C. Multiplication

●​ Repeated addition.​

●​ Properties:​

○​ Commutative: a × b = b × a​

○​ Associative: (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)​

○​ Identity: a × 1 = a​

○​ Zero Property: a × 0 = 0​

D. Division

●​ Splitting a number into equal parts.​

●​ Not commutative and not associative.​


●​ Division by zero is undefined.​

2. FACTORS AND MULTIPLES


A. Factors

Numbers multiplied to get another number.​


Example: Factors of 12 → 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

B. Multiples

Products of a number.​
Example: Multiples of 5 → 5, 10, 15, 20...

C. Prime and Composite Numbers

●​ Prime: Only 2 factors (1 and itself).​

●​ Composite: More than 2 factors.​

D. GCF & LCM

●​ GCF (Greatest Common Factor): Largest common factor.​

●​ LCM (Least Common Multiple): Smallest common multiple.​

3. FRACTIONS
A. Types of Fractions

●​ Proper: numerator < denominator​

●​ Improper: numerator > denominator​

●​ Mixed number: whole number + fraction​


●​ Equivalent fractions​

B. Operations

1.​ Addition/Subtraction​

○​ Same denominator → add/subtract numerators​

○​ Different denominator → find LCM​

2.​ Multiplication​

○​ Multiply numerators, multiply denominators​

3.​ Division​

○​ Multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor​

4. DECIMALS
A. Place Values

●​ Tenths (0.1), hundredths (0.01), thousandths (0.001)​

B. Operations

●​ Add/Subtract: Line up decimal points.​

●​ Multiply: Multiply normally, count total decimal places.​

●​ Divide: Move decimal of divisor to make it whole; move dividend’s decimal equally.​

C. Conversions

●​ Fraction → Decimal: divide numerator by denominator​

●​ Decimal → Fraction: write as fraction then simplify​


5. PERCENTAGE
A. Basic Formulas

●​ Percent → Decimal: divide by 100​

●​ Decimal → Percent: multiply by 100​

B. Percent Problems

●​ Part: Base × Rate​

●​ Base: Part ÷ Rate​

●​ Rate: Part ÷ Base​

6. INTEGERS
A. Rules for Operations

●​ Addition/Subtraction:​

○​ Same sign → add, keep sign​

○​ Different sign → subtract, keep sign of larger absolute value​

●​ Multiplication/Division:​

○​ Same signs → positive result​

○​ Different signs → negative result​

7. ORDER OF OPERATIONS (PEMDAS)


1.​ Parentheses​

2.​ Exponents​

3.​ Multiplication / Division (left to right)​

4.​ Addition / Subtraction (left to right)

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