CHANAKYA IAS ACADEMY – JAMMU MENTORSHIP MCQ TEST

Total Questions: 40 | Maximum Marks: 80 | Time: 1 hour

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1. This is an Objective Type Test consisting of 40 Multiple Choice Questions .
2. Each question carries 2 marks.
3. 0.66 marks will be deducted for each wrong answer.
4. There is no penalty for unattempted questions

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Pyramid of Biomass:

1. It can be inverted in aquatic ecosystems.
2. It is always upright in grassland ecosystems.
3. It represents the total dry weight of organisms.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q2. The main reason why phosphorus is a limiting nutrient in many freshwater ecosystems is
that:
A. It is present only in gaseous form
B. It is easily leached into oceans
C. It has no significant atmospheric reservoir
D. It is rapidly recycled by decomposers
Q3. With reference to invasive alien species, which of the following is/are correct?
1. They can cause biotic homogenization.
2. They always increase ecosystem productivity.
3. They are a major cause of native species extinction.
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q4. Which of the following combinations of forest type and geographical area is/are correctly
matched?
1. Tropical wet evergreen – Western Ghats
2. Littoral forests – Andaman & Nicobar
3. Thorn forests – Brahmaputra valley
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Ramsar sites:
1. They must be natural wetlands only.
2. They can include human-made wetlands.
 3. India is a signatory to Montreux Record.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q6. Smog formed under cold and humid climatic conditions dominated by SO₂ is termed as:
A. Photochemical smog
B. Sulfurous smog
C. London smog
D. Oxidizing smog
Q7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) decreases when:
A. Organic matter pollution increases
B. Dissolved oxygen increases
C. Water temperature increases
D. Water becomes more polluted with biodegradable matter
Q8. Which of the following gases has the longest atmospheric life?
A. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
B. Methane (CH₄)
C. Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
D. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Q9. El Niño differs from La Niña mainly in terms of:
A. Southern Oscillation Index values
B. Sea surface temperature of central Pacific
C. Direction of trade winds
D. Strength of Indian monsoon only
Q10. The concept of carbon credit was first institutionalized under:
A. Paris Agreement
B. Kyoto Protocol
C. Montreal Protocol
D. Rio Declaration
Q11. Which of the following are functions of mangroves?
1. Coastal protection
2. Carbon sequestration
3. Nursery habitat for marine life
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q12. With reference to National Green Tribunal (NGT), consider the following statements:
1. It was established under Article 21 of the Constitution.
2. It follows the principles of natural justice.
3. It can award compensation for environmental damage.
A. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only
 C. 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q13. Which of the following best explains the concept of “ecological resilience”?
A. Ability of ecosystem to resist changes
B. Ability of ecosystem to return to original state after disturbance
C. Ability of species to evolve rapidly
D. Ability of soil to retain nutrients
Q14. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
1. Biosphere Reserve – UNESCO (Man and Biosphere Programme)
2. Tiger Reserve – Project Tiger
3. Ramsar Site – World Heritage Convention
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q15. Which of the following contributes most to indoor air pollution in rural India?
A. Industrial emissions
B. Vehicular exhaust
C. Biomass burning
D. Fly ash
Q16. Consider the following pesticides:
1. DDT
2. Endosulfan
3. Neonicotinoids
Which of the above are known to cause bioaccumulation?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q17. Which of the following ecosystems has the highest Net Primary Productivity (NPP)?
A. Tropical rainforests
B. Deserts
C. Tundra
D. Open oceans
Q18. The main objective of the CAMPA fund is:
A. Wildlife rehabilitation
B. Compensatory afforestation
C. Pollution monitoring
D. Climate adaptation
Q19. Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
1. Sulphur hexafluoride
2. Hydrofluorocarbons
3. Nitrogen dioxide
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
 C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q20. Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of acid rain?
A. Oxidation of methane
B. Photolysis of ozone
C. Reaction of SO₂ and NOx with water vapour
D. Carbon fixation in plants
Q21. “Carbon sink” refers to:
A. Source of carbon emission
B. Reservoir that absorbs more carbon than it releases
C. Underground carbon storage site only
D. Industrial carbon capture unit
Q22. Which of the following practices reduces soil erosion most effectively?
A. Monocropping
B. Contour ploughing
C. Over-irrigation
D. Shifting cultivation
Q23. Which of the following correctly explains the concept of “ecological footprint”?
A. Number of species in an area
B. Area of biologically productive land required to sustain human consumption
C. Forest cover per capita
D. Agricultural productivity index
Q24. The main cause of thermal pollution is:
A. Discharge of heated water from power plants
B. Chemical waste disposal
C. Agricultural runoff
D. Urban solid waste
Q25. Which of the following statements about Biological Diversity Act, 2002 is/are correct?
1. It provides for creation of National Biodiversity Authority.
2. Foreign nationals require approval to access biological resources.
3. It regulates traditional knowledge documentation.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q26. Which phenomenon leads to coral bleaching?
A. Increased salinity
B. Decrease in water temperature
C. Thermal stress due to rising sea surface temperature
D. Increased sedimentation only
Q27. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
1. BOD – Amount of oxygen required by microbes
2. COD – Chemical oxidation of organic matter
3. DO – Total oxygen content of water body
A. 1 and 2 only
 B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q28. The main purpose of the Montreal Protocol is to:
A. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
B. Phase out ozone-depleting substances
C. Protect wetlands
D. Prevent marine pollution
Q29. Which of the following best describes “sustainable agriculture”?
A. Maximum use of chemical fertilizers
B. Practices that maintain long-term soil fertility and productivity
C. Mechanization of farming
D. Monoculture cropping
Q30. Which of the following is NOT a function of wetlands?
A. Flood control
B. Groundwater recharge
C. Carbon dioxide emission only
D. Biodiversity support
Q31. Which of the following leads to biomagnification?
A. Water-soluble pesticides
B. Non-biodegradable pollutants
C. Biodegradable wastes
D. Nutrient cycling
Q32. With reference to ENSO, consider the following:
1. It influences Indian monsoon.
2. It originates in the Indian Ocean.
3. It affects global weather patterns.
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Q33. Which of the following is/are objective(s) of EIA?
1. Predict environmental impacts
2. Suggest mitigation measures
3. Facilitate sustainable decision-making
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1 only
Q34. “Montreux Record” is related to:
A. Forest fires
B. Wetlands under threat
C. Endangered species trade
D. Climate vulnerable countries
Q35. Which of the following statements about food webs is/are correct?
 1. They provide multiple pathways for energy flow.
2. They increase ecosystem stability.
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Q36. Which of the following factors contributes most to sea level rise?
A. Increased precipitation
B. Melting of polar ice caps
C. Increased groundwater recharge
D. Coral reef growth
Q37. Which of the following is a flagship species in India’s conservation programmes?
A. Tiger
B. House sparrow
C. Fruit bat
D. Earthworm
Q38. India’s first Biosphere Reserve was:
A. Nilgiri
B. Sundarbans
C. Gulf of Mannar
D. Nanda Devi
Q39. Which of the following best explains “ecological succession”?
A. Seasonal migration of species
B. Gradual replacement of species in a habitat over time
C. Sudden extinction of species
D. Rapid genetic mutation
Q40. Which of the following correctly explains the term “carbon leakage”?
A. Natural emission of carbon from forests
B. Shifting of emission-intensive industries to countries with weaker regulations
C. Carbon capture and storage
D. Underground carbon sequestration