TPR Teaching Method: Detailed Guide and Examples
1. Theory Background
The Total Physical Response (TPR) method, developed by Dr. James Asher, combines language
learning with physical actions.
It is based on the principles of short-term and long-term memory integration, as well as activating
both the right and left
brain hemispheres through motion and language.
TPR emphasizes a silent period where learners absorb and understand language before being
required to produce it.
2. Four Basic Steps of TPR Teaching
1) Input Phase: Teachers give verbal commands while demonstrating the corresponding actions.
Example: "Stand up." (Teacher stands to demonstrate.)
2) Imitation Phase: Students follow the teacher's commands with actions but are not required to
speak immediately.
Example: Students hear "Clap your hands" and respond by clapping.
3) Interaction Phase: Teachers create varied commands (e.g., combining instructions or
incorporating games) to engage students.
Example: "Touch your nose, then jump!" (Students complete the sequence.)
4) Output Phase: Students take the lead in giving commands to their peers, practicing expressive
skills.
Example: In small groups, one student gives commands while others perform the actions.
3. Practice Case: Teaching Colors
Goal: Learn color vocabulary (red, blue, green, yellow).
Teaching Process:
- Teacher displays colored cards and says: "Point to the red card!"
- Students respond by pointing to the correct card and repeating the phrase.
- Teacher adds complexity: "Jump to the blue card!" Students perform actions accordingly.
- Game: Place color cards in different classroom corners. Students run to the corresponding card
after hearing commands.
Extension: At home, students play "find the color" with their parents to reinforce learning.
4. Advanced Case: Story-based TPR
Scenario: Teaching "The Very Hungry Caterpillar"
- Teachers use actions while narrating the story (e.g., mimicking "eating").
- Students imitate actions and complete tasks based on the storyline (e.g., "Pretend to crawl like a
caterpillar").
- Use props like caterpillar puppets and food images to enhance engagement.
5. Resources
- Book: "Learning Another Language Through Actions" by James Asher
- Videos: Search YouTube for "TPR in Kindergarten English Class" or "Using TPR to Teach
Vocabulary"
Action Task:
Design a TPR activity for vocabulary, sentence structures, or storytelling. Share your plan for
feedback and optimization.