Java Short Oral Answers
Section A: Arrays & Matrices 1. Explain different types of arrays in Java? - Single-
dimensional array: list of elements accessed by one index. Example: int[] a = {1,2,3}. -
Multi-dimensional array: array of arrays (e.g., 2D, 3D). Example: int[][] m = new
int[3][4]. - Jagged array: rows of different lengths (2D where each row array size
varies). - Anonymous array: created without reference when passed to method.
2. How to declare and instantiate multi-dimensional array in JAVA? - Declaration: int[][]
mat; - Instantiation: mat = new int[3][4]; - Combined: int[][] mat =
{{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12}};
3. How to declare 5x4 matrix in java. Explain with example - Declaration & instantiation:
int[][] m = new int[5][4]; - Example fill: for (int i=0;i<5;i++){ for (int
j=0;j<4;j++){ m[i][j] = i*4 + j + 1; } }
4. Write program to perform matrix multiplication - Short program (assumes compatible
sizes: A rows x cols, B cols x p): See code snippet in document.
Section B: Exception Handling 1. What is exception handling? - Mechanism to catch and
manage runtime errors (exceptions) to prevent program crash and provide graceful recovery.
2. Difference between error and exception handling - Error: serious problem from JVM
(e.g., OutOfMemoryError) usually unrecoverable. - Exception: recoverable runtime problem
(e.g., IOException, NullPointerException) that can be caught and handled.
3. What is use of throw keyword, demonstrate with example program - throw: explicitly
throws an exception instance. Example: if (age < 18) throw new
IllegalArgumentException("Must be 18+");
4. What is use of throws keyword in Java - declares that a method may pass exception
responsibility to its caller. Example: void read() throws IOException { ... }
5. What is the use of finally block - finally runs after try/catch whether exception
occurs or not. Used to release resources.
Section C: Constructors & Overloading Q1. Why Method Overloading is not possible by
changing the return type only? - Overloading resolution uses method signature (name +
parameter types). Return type is not part of signature, so changing it alone is ambiguous
for caller.
Q2. What is constructor? Explain its significance. Explain default and parameterized
constructors - Constructor: special method with class name used to initialize objects. -
Default constructor: no-arg constructor provided by compiler if none declared. -
Parameterized constructor: user-defined with parameters to initialize fields.
Q3. Explain types of constructor with suitable example. - Default (no-arg) constructor:
class A { A() { } } - Parameterized constructor: class A { A(int x) { this.x=x; } } - Copy
constructor (manual in Java): class A { A(A other) { this.x = other.x; } }
Q4. Explain concept of constructor and method overloading. - Constructor overloading:
multiple constructors with different parameter lists. - Method overloading: multiple
methods with same name but different parameter lists. Both resolved at compile time by
argument types/count.
Q5. Differentiate between Constructor and Method - Name: constructor name = class name;
method has its own name. - Return type: constructor has no return type; method has a
return type (can be void). - Purpose: constructor initializes object; method performs
actions. - Invocation: constructor called at object creation (new); method called on
object reference.
Matrix Multiplication — Example Java Program (short) --------------------------------
public class MatrixMul { public static void main(String[] args) { int A[][] =
{{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}; int B[][] = {{7,8},{9,10},{11,12}}; int r1 = [Link], c1 =
A[0].length; int r2 = [Link], c2 = B[0].length; if (c1 != r2) {
[Link]("Incompatible matrices"); return; } int C[][] = new
int[r1][c2]; for(int i=0;i<r1;i++){ for(int j=0;j<c2;j++){ C[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0;k<c1;k++){ C[i][j] += A[i][k]*B[k][j]; } } }
// print result for(int i=0;i<r1;i++){ for(int j=0;j<c2;j++){
[Link](C[i][j] + " "); } [Link](); } } }
End of short oral answers.