Python
Python
Python is a general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented,
and high-level programming language.
Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected programming
language.
Like Perl, Python source code is also available under the GNU General
Public License (GPL).
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Why Python?
• AI and Machine Learning
• Data Analytics
• Data Visualization
• Programming Applications (Audio-Video Apps)
• Web development
• Game development
• Financial Analysis
• SEO
Department of Computer Science & Engineering KIPM-CET, GIDA, Gorakhpur
C C++ Java Python
#include <stdio.h> #include <iostream.h> class Simple{ print('Hello, world!')
int main() int main() public static void main(String args[])
{ { {
printf("Hello, World!"); cout << "Hello World!"; [Link]("Hello Java");
return 0; return 0; }
} } }
class Message C#
{
public: namespace HelloWorld
void display() { {
cout << "Hello World"; class Hello
} {
}; static void Main(string[] args)
int main() {
{ [Link]("Hello World!");
Message t; }
[Link](); }
return 0; }
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Applications of Python
Department of Computer Science & Engineering KIPM-CET, GIDA, Gorakhpur
Python Programming Environment
Department of Computer Science & Engineering KIPM-CET, GIDA, Gorakhpur
• Hello World Program
• print('Hello, world!') // print “Hello World” – Python 2
• Program to add two numbers
num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3
# Add two numbers
sum = num1 + num2
# Display the sum
print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))
Department of Computer Science & Engineering KIPM-CET, GIDA, Gorakhpur
print() Function
print(*objects, sep=' ', end='\n', file=[Link], flush=False)
• objects - An object is nothing but a statement that to be printed. The * sign
represents that there can be multiple statements.
• sep - The sep parameter separates the print values. Default values is ' '.
• end - The end is printed at last in the statement.
• file - It must be an object with a write(string) method.
• flush - The stream or file is forcibly flushed if it is true. By default, its value is
false.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering KIPM-CET, GIDA, Gorakhpur
Python variables
• In programming, a variable is a container (storage area) to hold data
• Variable is a name that is used to refer to memory location. Python variable is also
known as an identifier and used to hold value.
• Python is case-sensitive. So num and Num are different variables.
For example,
• num = 5
• Num = 55
• print(num) # 5
• print(Num) # 55
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Variables Naming
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number or any special character
like $, (, * % etc.
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• Python variable names are case-sensitive which means Name and
NAME are two different variables in Python.
• Python reserved keywords cannot be used naming the variable.
• Examples of valid identifiers: a123, _n, n_9, etc.
• Examples of invalid identifiers: 1a, n%4, n 9, etc.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Variable References
The process of treating variables is somewhat different from many
other programming languages.
Python is the highly object-oriented programming language; that's why
every data item belongs to a specific type of class.
print("KIPM")
print(type("KIPM"))
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
In Python, variables are a symbolic name that is a reference or pointer to an
object.
The variables are used to denote objects by that name.
a = 50
In the above image, the variable a refers to an integer object.
Suppose we assign the integer value 50 to a new variable b
• a = 50
• b=a
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Let's assign the new value to b.
Now both variables will refer to the different objects.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Object Identity
very created object identifies uniquely in Python.
Python provides the guaranteed that no two objects will have the same
identifier.
The built-in id() function, is used to identify the object identifier.
• a = 50
•b=a
• print(id(a))
• print(id(b))
• # Reassigned variable a
• a = 500
• print(id(a))
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Python Variable Types
There are two types of variables in Python - Local variable and Global variable.
Local Variable
• Local variables are the variables that declared inside the function and have scope within
the function.
# Declaring a function
def add():
# Defining local variables. They has scope only within a function
a = 20
b = 30
c=a+b
print("The sum is:", c)
# Calling a function
add()
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Global Variables
• Global variables can be used throughout the program, and its scope is in the
entire program.
• We can use global variables inside or outside the function.
• A variable declared outside the function is the global variable by default.
• Python provides the global keyword to use global variable inside the function.
• If we don't use the global keyword, the function treats it as a local variable.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
# Declare a variable and initialize it
x = 101
# Global variable in function
def mainFunction():
# printing a global variable
global x
print(x)
# modifying a global variable
x = 'Welcome To Javatpoint'
print(x)
mainFunction()
print(x)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Python - Data Types
Python Data Types are used to define the type of a variable.
It defines what type of data we are going to store in a variable.
The data stored in memory can be of many types.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
The data types defined in Python are given below.
• Numbers
• Sequence Type
• Boolean
• Set
• Dictionary
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Numbers
• Number stores numeric values.
• The integer, float, and complex values belong to a Python Numbers
data-type.
• Python provides the type() function to know the data-type of the
variable.
• The isinstance() function is used to check an object belongs to a
particular class.
Python creates Number objects when a number is assigned to a
variable
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Python Supports three types of numeric data:
• Int - Integer value can be any length such as integers 10, 2, 29, -20, -150 etc.
Python has no restriction on the length of an integer. Its value belongs to int
• Float - Float is used to store floating-point numbers like 1.9, 9.902, 15.2, etc. It is
accurate upto 15 decimal points.
• complex - A complex number contains an ordered pair, i.e., x + iy where x and y
denote the real and imaginary parts, respectively. The complex numbers like
2.14j, 2.0 + 2.3j, etc.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Sequence Type
• The sequence data type in Python is used to store (in an organized fashion) the
sequential data.
• The sequence data type in python can be considered as a container that can store
different data
String
• A string is a series of characters.
• In Python, anything inside quotes is a string.
• We can use single, double, or triple quotes to define a string.
• The operator + is used to concatenate two strings as the operation "hello"+"
python" returns "hello python".
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
If you don’t want it to do so, you can use raw strings by adding the letter r before the first quote. For example:
message = 'This is a string in Python'
message = "This is also a string“
And when a string contains double quotes, you can use the single quotes:
message = '“This is gorakhpur.". Uttar Pradesh‘
s = '''A multiline
string'''
print(s)
To escape the quotes, you use the backslash (\). For example:
message = 'It\'s also a valid string‘
If you don’t want it to do so, you can use raw strings by adding the letter r before
the first quote. For example:
message = r'C:\python\bin'
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur
Creating multiline strings
• To span a string multiple lines, you use triple-quotes “””…””” or ”’…”’. For
example:
query= '''
Usage: mysql command
-h hostname
-d database name
-u username
-p password
'''
print(query)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering - KIPM-CET,
GIDA, Gorakhpur