Unit 3 : State of Matter
1. Scientific enquiry is about investigating a question.
2. There are five types of scientific enquiry : research, fair testing, observing
over time, identifying and classifying, and pattern seeking.
3. Matter is what everything is made of.
4. Three different states : solid, liquid and gas
5. Materials are made of matter. Example of materials are metal, plastic, ceramic,
glass and fabric
6. Materials have different properties, examples : hard or soft, strong or weak,
shiny or dull.
7. A substance is matter which has scientific properties and composition.
8. There are two substances : elements and compounds
9. An element is a substance in its simplest form. Example gold
10.Compounds are made of two or more elements, for example water ( hydrogen
and oxygen )
11.All substances are made of particles, which are the smallest
parts of substances.
12.Each substance is made up of unique particles.
13.A particle model helps scientist to explain the differences
between solids, liquids and gases.
14.Scientist have identified that particles are always moving and
vibrating.
15.The particles of a solid are packed closely together and are
arranged in a regular way
16.The particles of liquid are arranged in a random way and can
move around each other. The particles cannot be squashed.
17.Changes of state are physical changes in matter. These
changes are reversible changes, means that the matter is
not changed chemically.
18.When temperature is increased to matter in a liquid state, it
will change from a liquid to a gas. It is called evaporation.
19.When the temperature needs to be lowered, and the matter
will return to its liquid state, it is called condensation.
20.When temperature is increased to matter in a solid state, it will
change from a solid to a liquid. It is called melting. Example :
when you add heat to ice or butter, thet get soft and turn to
liquid.
21.When the temperature needs to be lowered, and the matter will return to its solid
state, it is called solidifying or freezing. You can reverse the change of state by
cooling.
22.A chemical reaction is also called a chemical change.
23.A new product is made when substances are joined together
they change to make something new.
24.If they cannot be reversed, it is called irreversible
25.There is a chemical reaction which takes place in our bodies.
As we eat food, the particles in the food are arranged,
changing the food into energy which our bodies can use.
26.Example of a new product is Plaster of Paris (also known as
gypsum). It is used when someone breaks a bone.
27.To make a cast, plaster of Paris is mixed with water and a
chemical reaction takes place. Bandages are then dipped
in the paste and wrapped around the bones which are broken.
28.Another useful product made from a chemical reaction is plastic. Oil is changed
during the process and cannot be turned back to oil once the new product (
plastic) is made