HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY SCHOOL SBA

Candidate’s Names: Antonio Jones, Romario Coke​

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Table of Contents
Title Page
Acknowledgement 4

Introduction 5

Background/Overview of Issue 6

Problem Statement 7

Research Objective 8

Methodology 9

Presentation of Data 10 & 11

Analysis and Interpretation of Data 12

Conclusion 13

Recommendations 14

Bibliography 15

Appendices 16

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3
Acknowledgement

I would like to thank my teacher, Mr. Hughes, for his constant guidance, encouragement,
and support throughout this project. I also extend my gratitude to my classmates and peers who
participated in the research by completing questionnaires. Finally, I am thankful for the online
resources and articles that provided valuable information to help complete this SBA successfully.

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Introduction

The frequent consumption of sweetened and carbonated drinks has become a major
health concern among teenagers worldwide. In Jamaica, high school students are often drawn to
these beverages because of their availability, affordability, and attractive taste. However,
excessive intake can negatively impact health, leading to issues such as obesity, tooth decay,
diabetes, and other long-term complications. This School-Based Assessment (SBA) investigates
the effects of sweetened and carbonated drinks on the health of teenagers in high school,
exploring the causes, effects, and possible solutions to reduce overconsumption.

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Background and Overview of Issue

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the consumption of sweetened and
carbonated drinks among high school students in Jamaica. These beverages, which include
sodas, energy drinks, and flavored juices, often contain high levels of sugar, caffeine, and
artificial additives. Many teenagers consume them daily, sometimes as substitutes for water or
healthier beverages.

The health risks associated with these drinks are well-documented. Excessive sugar
intake contributes to weight gain, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. High acidity in sodas can erode
tooth enamel, causing dental problems. Some students may also experience poor concentration,
fatigue, and increased risk of lifestyle-related diseases later in life.

The popularity of these drinks is influenced by marketing strategies, peer pressure, and
easy accessibility in school canteens and shops. Without proper awareness and education,
teenagers may continue to consume them excessively, putting their health and future well-being
at risk.

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Problem Statement

What effects do sweetened and carbonated drinks have on the health of teenagers in high school?

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Research Objective

Excessive consumption of sweetened and carbonated drinks poses significant health

Objectives

1.​ To investigate the impact of sweetened and carbonated drinks on the physical health of
teenagers in high school.​

2.​ To examine the social and lifestyle factors that influence teenagers’ frequent consumption
of these drinks.​

3.​ To suggest measures that may reduce the health risks associated with high intake of
sweetened and carbonated drinks among teenagers.​

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Methodology

The survey method was used to collect data on the effects of sweetened and carbonated
drinks among teenagers. A questionnaire was distributed to 30 high school students between the
ages of 13 and 18. They were given sufficient time to read and complete the questionnaire
honestly.

Some challenges were encountered during the data collection process, such as students
who were hesitant to share personal details about their health or who misplaced their
questionnaires. Despite these challenges, most participants provided useful feedback, which was
compiled and used for analysis.

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Presentation of Data
The data collected from the survey revealed that the majority of respondents frequently consume
sweetened or carbonated drinks. Specifically, 60% reported drinking these beverages daily, 30%
consumed them three to five times per week, and 10% stated that they drank them rarely. Several health
impacts were associated with this consumption. About 40% of respondents reported experiencing frequent
dental problems, such as tooth decay and cavities, while 35% indicated weight gain or difficulty
maintaining a healthy weight. Additionally, 25% of the participants experienced fatigue or a lack of
energy after consuming these drinks.

Lifestyle factors also played a significant role in the high consumption rates. Half of the
respondents admitted that taste and availability influenced their choice, 30% indicated that peer pressure
encouraged their consumption, and 20% stated that advertisements affected their preference for these
beverages.

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Analysis and Interpretation of Data

The data collected shows that a majority of teenagers consume sweetened and carbonated
drinks daily, which suggests these beverages are an important part of their diet. However, this
pattern of consumption has negative health consequences.

A significant portion of students reported experiencing dental issues, which aligns with
scientific evidence that sugary drinks promote tooth decay. Reports of weight gain reflect the
strong link between excessive sugar intake and obesity. Furthermore, fatigue experienced by
students suggests that these drinks provide temporary energy but result in energy crashes,
affecting focus and productivity in school.

Lifestyle influences, such as peer pressure and marketing, also play a major role. Many
students are drawn to these beverages because they are seen as “trendy” or are heavily promoted
by companies. This highlights the need for education and awareness to help teenagers make
healthier choices.

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Conclusion

This study concludes that sweetened and carbonated drinks have harmful effects on the
health of teenagers in high school. They contribute to dental problems, weight gain, and reduced
energy levels. The high rate of daily consumption shows that many teenagers are unaware of the
risks or are unable to resist the influence of marketing, peers, and convenience. Addressing this
issue is important for promoting healthier lifestyles and preventing future health problems among
Jamaican youth.

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Recommendations

1.​ Health Education Campaigns: Schools should implement awareness programs on the
health risks of excessive soda consumption.​

2.​ Limit Sales in Schools: Reduce or restrict the sale of sweetened and carbonated drinks in
school canteens and vending machines.​

3.​ Promote Healthy Alternatives: Encourage students to drink more water, natural juices,
or milk.​

4.​ Parental Guidance: Parents should monitor and reduce the availability of sodas at home.​

5.​ Policy Measures: Encourage government policies to regulate the marketing of sugary
drinks to young people.​

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Bibliography

●​ World Health Organization (WHO). Sugary Drink Consumption and Health Risks.​

●​ Pan American Health Organization. Childhood Obesity and Sugary Beverages.​

●​ Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica. Healthy Lifestyles for Teens.​

●​ Online resources from health journals and educational websites.​

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Appendices
Appendix 1

QUESTIONNAIRE​
Topic: The Effects of Sweetened and Carbonated Drinks on the Health of Teenagers in High School

1.​ Do you consume sweetened or carbonated drinks?​

○​ Yes​

○​ No​

2.​ How often do you consume these drinks?​

○​ Daily​

○​ 3–5 times per week​

○​ Once per week​

○​ Rarely​

3.​ Have you experienced any health issues you think may be linked to these drinks?​

○​ Dental problems​

○​ Weight gain​

○​ Fatigue/low energy​

○​ None​

4.​ What factors most influence your decision to consume sweetened or carbonated drinks?​

○​ Taste/availability​

○​ Peer influence​

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 ○​ Advertising​

○​ Other​

5.​ Do you think schools should limit the sale of sweetened and carbonated drinks?​

○​ Yes​

○​ No​

○​ Not sure​

6.​ Gender​

○​ Male​

○​ Female​

7.​ Age group​

○​ 13–15​

○​ 16–18​

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