PPM One-Liner Questions (Unit 3 & 4)
1. What is Organising? → Organising is the process of arranging resources and activities to achieve
objectives.
2. What is the main purpose of Organising? → To ensure effective coordination and division of
work.
3. What is the nature of Organising? → It is a continuous, dynamic, and goal-oriented process.
4. What is the first step in Organising? → Identification and grouping of activities.
5. What is the last step in Organising? → Establishing authority relationships.
6. Why is Organising important? → It clarifies roles, avoids duplication, and ensures efficiency.
7. Mention one principle of Organising. → Principle of Unity of Command.
8. What is the principle of Scalar Chain? → It suggests a clear line of authority from top to bottom.
9. What is the principle of Unity of Direction? → All activities should move toward common goals
under one plan.
10. What is the principle of Authority and Responsibility? → They should be equal and balanced.
11. What is the principle of Specialization? → Work division based on specialization increases
efficiency.
12. What is the principle of Flexibility? → Organization should adapt to changes.
13. What is the principle of Coordination? → All activities should be harmonized toward goals.
14. What is the main objective of Organising? → Efficient use of resources.
15. What is division of work? → Dividing work into smaller tasks.
16. What is a Formal Organization? → Structure defined by management.
17. What is an Informal Organization? → Network of personal relationships.
18. Feature of Formal Org? → Defined authority.
19. Feature of Informal Org? → Based on friendship.
20. Levels of management? → Top, Middle, Lower.
21. Top level example? → CEO, MD.
22. Middle level example? → Department Heads.
23. Lower level example? → Supervisors.
24. What is Span of Management? → Number of subordinates.
25. Types of span? → Narrow, Wide.
26. Narrow span? → Few subordinates.
27. Wide span? → Many subordinates.
28. Factors affecting span? → Work nature, manager ability.
29. Advantage of wide span? → Fast communication.
30. Disadvantage of narrow span? → More hierarchy.
31. What is Organization Structure? → Framework of relationships.
32. Types? → Line, Functional, Line & Staff, Matrix.
33. Line Organization? → Direct authority.
34. Functional Organization? → Work by functions.
35. Line and Staff? → Line authority + staff advice.
36. Matrix? → Functional + project.
37. Divisional structure? → Based on product/region.
38. Organising process? → Identifying, grouping, assigning.
39. Departmentation? → Grouping activities.
40. Basis of departmentation? → Function, product etc.
41. Functional departmentation? → Based on functions.
42. Product departmentation? → Based on product lines.
43. Territorial? → Based on geography.
44. Customer? → Based on customer types.
45. Process departmentation? → Based on production stages.
46. Benefit? → Specialization.
47. Line authority? → Right to command.
48. Staff authority? → Advisory.
49. Line-staff conflict cause? → Role confusion.
50. Reduce conflict? → Clear roles.
51. Functional authority? → Specialist authority.
52. What is decentralization? → Dispersing authority.
53. What is centralization? → Authority at top.
54. Advantage of decentralization? → Fast decisions.
55. Disadvantage? → Misuse risk.
56. Methods? → Delegation, autonomy.
57. Delegation vs decentralization? → Individual vs organizational.
58. Delegation? → Assigning authority.
59. Responsibility? → Obligation to work.
60. Authority? → Right to decide.
61. Accountability? → Reporting obligation.
62. Types of delegation? → General, specific.
63. Organization chart? → Diagram of structure.
64. Limitation of charts? → Shows formal only.
65. What is Directing? → Guiding and motivating employees.
66. Elements of directing? → Supervision, motivation, leadership, communication.
67. Importance? → Initiates action.
68. Nature? → Continuous and human-centered.
69. Supervision? → Overseeing work.
70. Motivation? → Encouraging employees.
71. Leadership? → Influencing people.
72. Communication? → Info exchange.
73. First step in directing? → Issuing instructions.
74. Principle? → Harmony of objectives.
75. Direction process? → Guiding, motivating.
76. What is staffing? → Hiring and developing employees.
77. Importance? → Right person for right job.
78. Steps? → Planning, recruitment, selection.
79. Manpower planning? → HR forecasting.
80. Recruitment? → Searching candidates.
81. Selection? → Choosing candidates.
82. Placement? → Assigning job.
83. Training? → Skill development.
84. Appraisal? → Performance evaluation.
85. Promotion? → Upward movement.
86. Knowledge worker staffing? → Hiring skilled experts.
87. Knowledge worker? → Employee with specialized knowledge.
88. Cross-cultural issues? → Challenges from diversity.
89. Workforce diversity? → Variety in employee backgrounds.
90. Organization ethics? → Moral standards.
91. Social responsibility? → Duty to society.
92. Service economy? → Service-based economy.
93. Examples? → Banking, education.
94. Management communication? → Info sharing.
95. Technology role? → Speeds communication.
96. Knowledge management? → Managing knowledge.
97. Knowledge economy? → Idea-driven economy.
98. Difference from traditional economy? → Focus on innovation.
99. KM importance? → Improves decisions.
100. Scalar chain? → Chain of authority.
101. Unity of command? → One boss.
102. Accountability principle? → Must report.
103. Wide span benefit? → Reduces costs.