Chapter 5 : Induction Machine

Problem 1
A 3-phase, 460 V, 100 hp, 60 Hz, four-pole induction machine delivers rated output power
at a slip of 0.05. Determine the:
1. Synchronous speed and motor speed.
2. Speed of the rotating air gap field.
3. Frequency of the rotor circuit.
4. Slip rpm.
5. Speed of the rotor field relative to the
(a) rotor structure.
(b) Stator structure.
(c) Stator rotating field

1.
120f 120 ∗ 60
ns = = = 1800rpm
p 4
n = (1 − s)ns = (1 − 0.05) ∗ 1800 = 1710rpm

2.
1800 (same as synchronous speed)

3.
f2 = sf1 = 0.05 × 60 = 3 Hz

4.
slip rpm = sns = 0.05 × 1800 = 90 rpm

5. (a) 90 rpm
(b) 1800 rpm
(c) 0 rpm

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Problem 2

A 208-V, 10hp, four pole, 60 Hz, Y-connected induction motor has a full-
load slip of 5 percent
1. What is the synchronous speed of this motor?
2. What is the rotor speed of this motor at rated load?
3. What is the rotor frequency of this motor at rated load?
4. What is the shaft torque of this motor at rated load?

1.
120fe 120 × 60
nsync = = = 1800 rpm
P 4
2.
nm = (1 − s)ns = (1 − 0.05) × 1800 = 1710 rpm

3.
fr = sfe = 0.05 × 60 = 3 Hz

4.
Pout Pout 10 hp × 746 watt/hp
τload = = nm = = 41.7 N.m
ωm 2π 60 1710 × 2π × 60
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Problem 3

A 480-V, 60 Hz, 50-hp, three phase induction motor is drawing 60A at 0.85
PF lagging. The stator copper losses are 2 kW, and the rotor copper losses
are 700 W. The friction and windage losses are 600 W, the core losses are
1800 W, and the stray losses are negligible. Find the following quantities:
1. The air-gap power PAG .
2. The power converted Pconv .
3. The output power Pout .
4. The efficiency of the motor.

1. √ √
Pin = 3VL IL cos θ = 3 × 480 × 60 × 0.85 = 42.4 kW
2.
PAG = Pin − PSCL − Pcore = 42.4 − 2 − 1.8 = 38.6 kW
700
Pconv = PAG − PRCL = 38.6 − = 37.9 kW
1000
3.
600
Pout = Pconv − PF &W = 37.9 − = 37.3 kW
1000
37.3
Pout = = 50 hp
0.746
4.
Pout 37.3
η= × 100% = × 100 = 88%
Pin 42.4

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Problem 4

A 460-V, 25-hp, 60 Hz, four-pole, Y-connected induction motor has the

following impedances in ohms per phase referred to the stator circuit:
R1 = 0.641Ω R2 = 0.332Ω
X1 = 1.106Ω X2 = 0.464Ω XM = 26.3Ω
The total rotational losses are 1100 W and are assumed to be constant.
The core loss is lumped in with the rotational losses. For a rotor slip of
2.2 percent at the rated voltage and rated frequency, find the motor’s
1. Speed
2. Stator current
3. Power factor
4. PAG , Pconv , Pout
5. τind , τload
6. Efficiency

1.
120fe 120 × 60
nsync = = = 1800rpm
P 4
nm = (1 − s)nsymc = (1 − 0.022) × 1800 = 1760rpm
2.
R2 0.332
Z2 = + jX2 = + j0.464 = 15.09 + j0.464 = 15.1̸ 1.76◦ Ω
s 0.022
1 1
Zf = =
1/jXM + 1/Z2 −j0.038 + 0.0662̸ − 1.76◦
1
= = 12.94̸ 31.1◦ Ω
0.0773 − 31.1
̸ ◦

Ztot = Zstat + Zf = 0.641 + j1.106 + 12.94̸ 31.1◦ Ω

= 11.72 + j7.79 = 14.07̸ 33.6◦ Ω
√ 460̸ 0◦
Vϕ
I1 = = 3
◦
= 18.88̸ − 33.6◦ A
Zrot 14.07̸ 33.6
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3.
P F = cos 33.6◦ = 0.833 lagging

4.
√ √
Pin = 3VL IL cos θ = 3 × 460 × 18.88 × 0.833 = 12530 W
PSCL = 3I12 R1 = 3(18.88)2 × 0.641 = 685 W
PAG = Pin − PSCL = 12530 − 685 = 11845 W
Pconv = (1 − s)PAG = (1 − .022)(11845) = 11585 W
10485
Pout = Pconv − PF &W = 11585 − 1100 = 10485 W = = 14.1 hp
746
5.
PAG 11845
τind = = = 62.8 N.m
ωsync 2π × 1800
60
Pout 10485
τload = = = 56.9 N.m
ωm 2π × 1760
60

6.
Pout 10485
η= × 100% = × 100% = 83.7%
Pin 12530

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Problem 5

A 50-Hz, 2 Poles induction motor supplies 15kW to a load at a speed of

2950 rpm.
1. What is the motor’s slip?
2. What is the induced torque in the motor in N.m under these condi-
tions?
3. What will be the operating speed of the motor if its torque is doubled?
4. How much power will be supplied by the motor when the torque is
doubled?

1.
120fe 120 × 50
nsync = = = 3000rpm
P 2
nsync − nm 3000 − 2950
s= = = 0.0167 or 1.67%
nsync 3000
2.
no Pf +W given
assume Pconv = Pload and τind = τload
Pconv 15 × 103
τind = = = 48.6 N.m
ωm 2950 × 2π
60

3. In the low-slip region, the torque-speed curve is linear and the induced
torque is direct proportional to slip. So, if the torque is doubled the
new slip will be 3.33% and the motor speed will be

nm = (1 − s)nsync = (1 − 0.0333) × 3000 = 2900 rpm

4.
2π
Pconv = τind ωm = (2 × 48.6) × (2900 × ) = 29.5 KW
60

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Problem 6

A 460-V, 25-hp, 60-Hz, four-pole, Y-connected wound-rotor induction mo-

tor has the following impedances in ohms per phase referred to the stator
circuit
R1 = 0.641Ω R2 = 0.332Ω
X1 = 1.106Ω X2 = 0.464Ω XM = 26.3Ω
1. What is the maximum torque of this motor? At what speed and slip
does it occur?
2. What is the starting torque of this motor?
3. If the rotor resistance is doubled, what is the speed at which the
maximum torque now occur? What is the new starting torque of the
motor?

√ × 26.3
460
XM
VT H = Vϕ p 2 = p 3
= 255.2 V
R1 + (X1 + XM )2 2 + 26.3)2
(0.641) + (1.106
 2  2
XM 26.3
RT H ≈ R1 ≈ (0.641) = 0.590Ω
X1 + XM 1.106 + 26.3
XT H ≈ X1 = 1.106Ω
1.
R2 0.332
STmax = p 2 =p = 0.198
RT H + (XT H + X2 )2 (0.590)2 + (1.106 + 0.464)2
The corresponding speed is:
nm = (1 − s)nsync = (1 − 0.198) × 1800 = 1444 rpm
The torque at this speed is:
!
1 3VT2H
τmax = p
2ωs RT H + RT2 H + (XT H + X2 )2
3 × (255.2)2
= p = 229 N.m
2 × (1800 × 2π
60 )[0.590 + (0.590) 2 + (1.106 + 0.464)2 ]

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2. The starting torque can be found from the torque equation. by sub-
stituting s = 1


1 3VT2H Rs2
τstart = τind |s=1 =

ωs RT H + R2 2 + (XT H + X2 )2
s s=1
2
3VT H R2
= h i
ωs (RT H + R2 )2 + (XT H + X2 ) 2

3 × (255.2)2 × (0.332)
=
1800 × 2π
60 × [(0.590 + 0.332)2 + (1.106 + 0.464)2 ]
= 104 N · m

3. If the rotor resistance is doubled, then the slip at maximum torque

doubles too
R2
STmax = p 2 = 0.396
RT H + (XM + X2 )2
The corresponding speed is

nm = (1 − s)nsync = (1 − .0396) × 1800 = 1087 rpm

The maximum torque is still

τmax = 229 N.m

The starting torque is now

3 × (255.2)2 × (0.664)
τstart = = 170 N.m
1800 × 2π
60 × [(0.590 + 0.664)2 + (1.106 + 0.464)2 ]

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Problem 7

A no load test conducted on a 30 hp, 835 r/min, 440 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz

squirrel cage induction motor yielded the following results:
• No-load voltage (line-to-line): 440 V
• No-load current: 14 A
• No-load power: 1470 W
• Resistance measured between two terminals(Y connection): 0.5 Ω
The locked rotor test, conducted at reduced voltage, gave the following
results:
• Locked rotor voltage (line-to-line): 163 V
• Locked rotor power: 7200W
• Locked rotor current: 60 A
Determine the equivalent circuit of the motor.

the stator windings are connected in way, the resistance per phase is:

R1 = 0.5/2 = 0.25Ω

From the no-load test:

VLL 440 V1 254
V1 = √ = √ = 254 V/ Phase ZNL = = = 18.143Ω
3 3 I1 14
PNL 1470
RNL = 2 = = 2.5Ω
3I1 3 × 142
q p
XNL = ZNL − RNL = 18.1432 − 2.52 = 17.97
2 2

X1 + Xm = XNL = 17.97Ω
From the blocked-rotor test
PBL 7200
RBL = = = 0.6667Ω
3I12 |BL 3 × 602

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 The blocked-rotor reactance is:
q p
XBL = (ZBL − RBL ) = 1.56852 − 0.66672 = 1.42Ω
2 2

XBL ∼= X1 + X ′ = 1.42 Ω
2

Assume X1 = X2′ (at rated frequancy)

X1 = X2′ = 0.71 Ω

From no load test we know that X1 + Xm = XN L and X1 = 0.71 Ω ,then

the magnetizing reactance is :
Xm = XN L − X1 = 17.97 − 0.71 = 17.26 Ω
R = RBL − R1 = 0.6667 − 0.25 = 0.4167 Ω

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