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Chemical Reactions and Safety Procedures

The document outlines various chemistry exercises involving reactions between metals and acids, including the formation of salts and gases. It details specific reactions, safety precautions, and methods for conducting experiments, such as filtering and evaporating solutions. Additionally, it emphasizes the conservation of mass and the importance of controlling experimental conditions.

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arnav.goyal2121
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5 views3 pages

Chemical Reactions and Safety Procedures

The document outlines various chemistry exercises involving reactions between metals and acids, including the formation of salts and gases. It details specific reactions, safety precautions, and methods for conducting experiments, such as filtering and evaporating solutions. Additionally, it emphasizes the conservation of mass and the importance of controlling experimental conditions.

Uploaded by

arnav.goyal2121
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Exercise 5.

3B (p95–96)

1 Add zinc to nitric acid.​


2 Zn + nitric acid → zinc nitrate + H₂​
3 Silver too unreactive.​
4 Potassium too reactive.​
5a Prevent boiling/splashing.​
5b CuO + H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + H₂O

p96 continued​
6a Mg + HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂​
6b CuO + HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + H₂O​
6c Zn + HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂​
6d Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

Exercise 5.3C (p96–97)

1 Copper too unreactive for dilute H₂SO₄.​


2 Steps: Warm acid → Add CuO till no more dissolves → Filter → Evaporate filtrate → Crystals.

Exercise 5.4A (p98–99)

1 Fizzing; CO₂ forms.​


2 Excess copper carbonate left.​
3 Forms copper chloride solution.​
4 Evaporate gently → crystals.​
5 CO₂ can cause spill.​
6 Add CuCO₃ slowly.​
7 CuCO₃ + HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂

Exercise 5.4B (p99)

1 HCl.​
2 Beaker, flask, pipette, indicator, stirrer.​
3 Add acid slowly to KOH; stop at neutral; goggles.​
4 Indicator → green.​
5 Add carbon → filter.​
6 Acid + alkali → salt + water; KOH + HCl → KCl + H₂O​
7 KOH + HCl → KCl + H₂O

Exercise 5.4C Mystery Substances (p100–101)

1 A makes CO₂.​
2 C makes H₂.​
3 They are salts.​
4 Liquid for A = acid.​
5 Liquid for B = acid (no reaction).​
6 Liquid for C = acid (H₂ produced).​
7 A = carbonate; B = unreactive salt; C = metal (Mg).​
8 B = NaCl (example).​
9 C = Mg (reactive metal).​
10 Carbonate + acid → salt + water + CO₂​
11 Metal + acid → salt + H₂​
12 Metal oxide + acid → salt + water

Exercise 5.5A (p102–103) 1 –​


2b Salt = MgCl₂​
3a H: 2=2, Cl: 2=2​
3b Yes, same Mg atoms.​
4a –

P103–104 5 Mass = 15 g.​


6 Mass same (closed container).

Exercise 5.5B (p106) 1 Reactants/products contain: Ca, Cl, H, O, C.​


2 S + O₂ → SO₂ (1 S joined to 2 O).​
3a MgCO₃ contains Mg, C, O.​
3b CO₂ = C + O.​
3c H in water from HCl.​
3d Cl in MgCl₂ from HCl.​
4 Reactants mass = 45 g.​
5 Mg in MgSO₄ = 25 g.​
6 Mass conserved = reactants = products.​
7 100 g + 150 g = 250 g.

P107 8 Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂​


9a No mistake.​
9b Gas escaped → 247 g not 250 g.​
10 Repeat, check apparatus, compare.

Exercise 5.5C (p108–109)

1 Control: O₂ amount; Mg ribbon size; container; heating time.​


2 Mg + O₂ → MgO​
3 –​
4 Conclusion: Mass ↑ until O₂ used up.​
5 O₂ finished → no more reaction.​
6a Problems: Low O₂, heat loss, incomplete burn, mass loss removing lid.​
6b Safety: Goggles; avoid bright flame; handle hot items carefully.

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