Applied Mechanics Lab – MEC 424/AHA/MCM Rev.

01-2014

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
___________________________________________________________________________

Program : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM220/EM221)

Course : Applied Mechanics Lab
Code : MEC 424
Lecturer : PROFESOR DR AIDAH BINTI JUMAHAT
Group : EMD4M7D
___________________________________________________________________________

MEC 424 - LABORATORY REPORT

TITLE : SIMPLE TENSILE TEST

No NAME STUDENT ID SIGNATURE

MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN
1 2023473872
MOHAMAD RASHID
2 NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK 2023695852
WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @
3 2023862248
WAN NOOR
4 WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI 2023686662
5 ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR 2023686664

LABORATORY SESSION : 25/6/2024

(DATE)

REPORT SUBMISSION : 05/7/2024

(DATE)
*By signing above you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you have contributed to t his
submission is your own work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of academic
misconduct and may result in a “0” on the work, an “F” in the course, or possibly more severe penalties.

Marking Scheme

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
1.0 ABSTRACT

The experiment aimed to identify the properties of materials under tensile stress, differentiate
between various fracture surfaces, and compare experimental data with theoretical values. Through
this process, students will learn to recognize different fracture surfaces and understand the tensile
properties of materials under stress. The experiment utilized an extensometer and a tensile test
machine to measure changes in elongation and the applied load. To analyze the relationship between
these factors, graphs of load versus extension and stress versus strain were created. Ultimately, the
experiment's results support the Young's Modulus hypothesis.

1
2.0 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 ABSTRACT 1
2.0 TABLE OF CONTENT 2
2.1 List of Table 3
2.2 List of Figure 4
3.0 INTRODUCTION 5
4.0 THEORY 6
5.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 8
6.0 RESULT 9
7.0 DISCUSSION 32
8.0 CONCLUSION 37
9.0 REFERENCES 39
10.0 APPENDICES 40

2
2.1 List of Table

Table 1: Experiment Data for Mild Steel consists of Force (N), Elongation (m) and Tensile 9
Properties (Stress, Strain and Elastic Modulus)
Table 2: Data from the experiment 13
Table 3: Experiment Data for Mild Steel consists of Force (N), Elongation (m) and Tensile 17
Properties (Stress, Strain and Elastic Modulus)
Table 4: Data from the experiment 22
Table 5: Experiment Data 26

3
2.2 List of Figure

Figure 1.1: Stress formula 6

Figure 1.2: Strain Formula 6
Figure 2: Stress-Strain Curve 7
Figure 2.1: Young Modulus 7
Figure 3: Graph of Force (N) against Elongation (m) 10
Figure 4: Graph of Tensile Stress (MPa) against Tensile Strain (ε) 10
Figure 5: Sample Calculation 11
Figure 6: Graph of Force (N) vs Elongation (m) 14
Figure 7: Graph of Tensile Stress (σ) vs Tensile Strain (ε) 14
Figure 8: Sample to Measure 15
Figure 9: Graph of Force (N) vs Elongation (m) 18
Figure 10: Graph of Tensile Stress (σ) vs Tensile Strain (ε) 19
Figure 11: Sample Calculation 20
Figure 12: Mild Steel Specimen 28
Figure 13: Stress formula 28
Figure 14: Strain Formula 29

4
3.0 INTRODUCTION

The greatest load a material can withstand before breaking is termed its tensile strength,
denoted as N and measured in force per unit area. When subjected to tension below its tensile
strength, a material typically reverts fully or partially to its original shape and size. In cases of ductile
materials, a localized constriction called a neck forms, leading to fracture when stress surpasses the
tensile strength.

When developing structural components such as railway tracks, ships, bridges, or aircraft, it
is crucial to evaluate the tensile properties of materials to ensure component safety. Components
used in structural applications must meet specific strength criteria for the structure's integrity.
Ductility plays a critical role in metal forming processes by defining a material's ability to deform
under tensile stress, which is essential because brittle materials are prone to fracture during such
operations. Metals that fracture under stress cannot undergo processes like hammering, rolling, or
drawing.

Tensile strength experiments involve applying axial and longitudinal forces to specimens of
defined dimensions until failure occurs due to deformation. The resulting tensile load and extension
are measured to determine the specimen's stress-strain relationship, as well as its yield strength,
elastic modulus, and other mechanical properties.

5
4.0 THEORY

A sample of a material is placed between two fixtures known as "grips" that clamp the sample
as the foundation of a tensile test. The material's length and cross-sectional area are known quantities.
The material is then put under weight while the other end is fastened and held in place. The centre
of the cross section, where the centre of mass is located, is where the applied tensile resultant force
is directed. Any loading that crosses the centroid is an axial force, which can be either tensile or
compressive. When a force is delivered gradually to a specimen, the length change is measured to
estimate the nominal stress and strain. Stress is represented graphically as force per unit area, or
stress as load area.

Figure 1.1: Stress formula

Strain is determined by dividing the amount of deformation the body experiences in the
direction of the applied force by the body's initially dimensions. In other word, strain can be defined
as the deformation from the initial length in this experiment if the specimen is assumed to experience
the same deformation along its original length.

Figure 1.2: Strain Formula

6
 Figure 2: Stress-Strain Curve

A few mechanical properties that can be determined using stress and strain information
include Young's modulus, yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, and fracture stress. Hooke's Law
describes a linear region in which the force needed to stretch a material is in proportion to its extent.
For the first straight line section of the stress-strain curve, Hooke's Law is applicable. Young's
modulus or known as elastic modulus, is a measure of a material's stiffness. In other words, it is how
easily it is bended or stretched. The tensile modulus is a measure of the stiffness of an elastic material.
In other words, you can't use information after the Yield point on the curve to determine Young's
Modulus. The value of Young's modulus depends on

Figure 2.1. Young Modulus

The stress-strain curve's yield point is the location where strain rapidly increases but stress increases
little significantly. The stress at which a material starts to fail is known as the yield stress. Just before
the elastic behaviour on the curve completes the plastic behaviour starts. When the load is removed,
the material develops elastic returns in the region below the yield point. However, since the material
has moved into the plastic region of its behaviours, the result of the deformation will be permanent
if the load is removed from the material above its yield point. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is
used in stress-strain diagrams to show the maximum engineering stress. Another word for this quality

7
is tensile or compressive strength. The stress at the location on the stress-strain curve where a
particular material fails or fractures is often referred to as the material's fracture strength. If the
specimen is plastically deformed past its elastic limit, a failure occurs.

5.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

Apparatus:

1. Tensile Test Machine

2. Vernier calliper
3. Mild steel specimen

Procedures:

1. Measure the specimen's length and diameter using a Vernier calliper to determine its dimensions.

2. Rotate the handwheel until it reaches its maximum position.

3. Securely fasten the specimen to the upper and lower clamps positioned on the upper and lower cross
members.

4. Align the red and black indicators on the force gauge and set the dial gauge to zero at that specific point.

5. Secure the specimen in place and rotate the handwheel until the dial gauge approaches a displacement of
0.1 mm.

6. Record the load (kN) and extension (mm) of the specimen in a table.

7. Repeat step 5 for each increment of 0.1 mm in tensile extension, documenting the applied load in the
table until the specimen fractures.

8. Record all the collected data and measure the length of the specimen after it breaks.

8
6.0 RESULTS
6.1 MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID (2023473872)

Table 1: Experiment Data for Mild Steel consists of Force (N), Elongation (m) and Tensile
Properties (Stress, Strain and Elastic Modulus)
Force (N) Tensile Stress, σ Elongation (m) Tensile Strain, ε Elastic Modulus, E
(MPa) (GPa)
2400 82121471.34 1.00E-04 2.49E-03 3.29E+10
5700 195038494.4 2.00E-04 4.99E-03 3.91E+10
9500 325064157.4 3.00E-04 7.48E-03 4.35E+10
13500 461933276.3 4.00E-04 9.98E-03 4.63E+10
17100 585115483.3 5.00E-04 1.25E-02 4.69E+10
18000 615911035.1 6.00E-04 1.50E-02 4.12E+10
18350 627887083 7.00E-04 1.75E-02 3.60E+10
19050 651839178.8 8.00E-04 2.00E-02 3.27E+10
19000 650128314.8 9.00E-04 2.24E-02 2.90E+10
18250 624465355 1.00E-03 2.49E-02 2.50E+10
19100 653550042.8 1.10E-03 2.74E-02 2.38E+10
19250 658682634.7 1.20E-03 2.99E-02 2.20E+10
19300 660393498.7 1.30E-03 3.24E-02 2.04E+10
19380 663130881.1 1.40E-03 3.49E-02 1.90E+10
19400 663815226.7 1.50E-03 3.74E-02 1.77E+10
19420 664499572.3 1.60E-03 3.99E-02 1.67E+10
19450 665526090.7 1.70E-03 4.24E-02 1.57E+10
19480 666552609.1 1.80E-03 4.49E-02 1.48E+10
19490 666894781.9 1.90E-03 4.74E-02 1.41E+10
19500 667236954.7 2.00E-03 4.99E-02 1.34E+10
19470 666210436.3 2.10E-03 5.24E-02 1.27E+10
19200 656971770.7 2.20E-03 5.49E-02 1.20E+10
19180 656287425.1 2.30E-03 5.74E-02 1.14E+10
19100 653550042.8 2.40E-03 5.99E-02 1.09E+10
18800 643284858.9 2.50E-03 6.23E-02 1.03E+10
18600 636441402.9 2.60E-03 6.48E-02 9.82E+09
18400 629597947 2.70E-03 6.73E-02 9.35E+09
18300 626176219 2.80E-03 6.98E-02 8.97E+09
17800 609067579.1 2.90E-03 7.23E-02 8.42E+09
17700 605645851.2 3.00E-03 7.48E-02 8.10E+09
17500 598802395.2 3.10E-03 7.73E-02 7.75E+09
17300 591958939.3 3.20E-03 7.98E-02 7.42E+09
16800 574850299.4 3.30E-03 8.23E-02 6.99E+09
16600 568006843.5 3.40E-03 8.48E-02 6.70E+09
16400 561163387.5 3.50E-03 8.73E-02 6.43E+09
16100 550898203.6 3.60E-03 8.98E-02 6.14E+09
15800 540633019.7 3.70E-03 9.23E-02 5.86E+09
9
15500 530367835.8 3.80E-03 9.48E-02 5.60E+09
15200 520102651.8 3.90E-03 9.73E-02 5.35E+09
14800 506415739.9 4.00E-03 9.98E-02 5.08E+09
14500 496150556 4.10E-03 1.02E-01 4.85E+09
14100 482463644.1 4.20E-03 1.05E-01 4.61E+09
13800 472198460.2 4.30E-03 1.07E-01 4.40E+09
13400 458511548.3 4.40E-03 1.10E-01 4.18E+09
12900 441402908.5 4.50E-03 1.12E-01 3.93E+09
12800 437981180.5 4.60E-03 1.15E-01 3.82E+09

Force vs Elongation
25000

20000
Force (N)

15000

10000

5000

0
2.30E-03

3.50E-03
1.00E-04
3.00E-04
5.00E-04
7.00E-04
9.00E-04
1.10E-03
1.30E-03
1.50E-03
1.70E-03
1.90E-03
2.10E-03

2.50E-03
2.70E-03
2.90E-03
3.10E-03
3.30E-03

3.70E-03
3.90E-03
4.10E-03
4.30E-03
4.50E-03
Elongation (m)

Figure 3: Graph of Force (N) against Elongation (m)

Tensile Stress vs Tensile Strain

800000000
700000000
Tensile Stress (MPa)

600000000
500000000
400000000
300000000
200000000
100000000
0
4.24E-02

8.73E-02

1.12E-01
2.49E-03
7.48E-03
1.25E-02
1.75E-02
2.24E-02
2.74E-02
3.24E-02
3.74E-02

4.74E-02
5.24E-02
5.74E-02
6.23E-02
6.73E-02
7.23E-02
7.73E-02
8.23E-02

9.23E-02
9.73E-02
1.02E-01
1.07E-01

Tensile Strain

Figure 4: Graph of Tensile Stress (MPa) against Tensile Strain (ε)

10
SAMPLE CALCULATION

Figure 5: Sample Calculation

𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑖 = 0.0401𝑚

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑓 = 0.0406𝑚

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷 = 6.1 𝑥10−3

𝜋𝑑 2
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴 = 4

𝜋(6.1 𝑥10−3 )2
= 4

= 2.922 𝑥10−5 𝑚2

11
 i) Tensile Stress, (𝝈)

𝐹
𝜎=
𝐴

At elongation = 6.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

18000
𝜎= 2.922 𝑥10−5

𝜎 = 616.02 𝑀𝑃𝑎

ii) Tensile Strain, (𝜺)

𝑳𝒇 − 𝑳𝒊
𝛆= 𝑳𝒊

At elongation = 6.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

6.00 𝑥10−4
ε= 0.0401

ε = 0.0149

iii) Elastic Modulus, (E)

𝜎
E= 𝜀

At elongation = 6.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

616.02 𝑀
E=
0.0149

E = 41.34 𝐺𝑃𝑎

12
6.2 NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK (2023695852)

Table 2: Data from the experiment

No Force, F Elongation Tensile Stress, Tensile Elastic

(N) (m) σ Strain, ε Modulus,
(MPa) E
(Pa)
1 2400 1.00E-04 82.12 2.49E-03 3.29E+10
2 5700 2.00E-04 195.04 4.99E-03 3.91E+10
3 9500 3.00E-04 325.06 7.48E-03 4.35E+10
4 13500 4.00E-04 461.93 9.98E-03 4.63E+10
5 17100 5.00E-04 585.12 1.25E-02 4.69E+10
6 18000 6.00E-04 615.91 1.50E-02 4.12E+10
7 18350 7.00E-04 627.89 1.75E-02 3.60E+10
8 19050 8.00E-04 651.84 2.00E-02 3.27E+10
9 19000 9.00E-04 650.13 2.24E-02 2.90E+10
10 18250 1.00E-03 624.47 2.49E-02 2.50E+10
11 19100 1.10E-03 653.55 2.74E-02 2.38E+10
12 19250 1.20E-03 658.68 2.99E-02 2.20E+10
13 19300 1.30E-03 660.39 3.24E-02 2.04E+10
14 19380 1.40E-03 663.13 3.49E-02 1.90E+10
15 19400 1.50E-03 663.82 3.74E-02 1.77E+10
16 19420 1.60E-03 664.50 3.99E-02 1.67E+10
17 19450 1.70E-03 665.53 4.24E-02 1.57E+10
18 19480 1.80E-03 666.55 4.49E-02 1.48E+10
19 19490 1.90E-03 666.89 4.74E-02 1.41E+10
20 19500 2.00E-03 667.24 4.99E-02 1.34E+10
21 19470 2.10E-03 666.21 5.24E-02 1.27E+10
22 19200 2.20E-03 656.97 5.49E-02 1.20E+10
23 19180 2.30E-03 656.29 5.74E-02 1.14E+10
24 19100 2.40E-03 653.55 5.99E-02 1.09E+10
25 18800 2.50E-03 643.28 6.23E-02 1.03E+10
26 18600 2.60E-03 636.44 6.48E-02 9.82E+09
27 18400 2.70E-03 629.60 6.73E-02 9.35E+09
28 18300 2.80E-03 626.18 6.98E-02 8.97E+09
29 17800 2.90E-03 609.07 7.23E-02 8.42E+09
30 17700 3.00E-03 605.65 7.48E-02 8.10E+09
31 17500 3.10E-03 598.80 7.73E-02 7.75E+09
32 17300 3.20E-03 591.96 7.98E-02 7.42E+09
33 16800 3.30E-03 574.85 8.23E-02 6.99E+09
34 16600 3.40E-03 568.01 8.48E-02 6.70E+09
35 16400 3.50E-03 561.16 8.73E-02 6.43E+09
36 16100 3.60E-03 550.90 8.98E-02 6.14E+09
37 15800 3.70E-03 540.63 9.23E-02 5.86E+09
38 15500 3.80E-03 530.37 9.48E-02 5.60E+09
39 15200 3.90E-03 520.10 9.73E-02 5.35E+09
40 14800 4.00E-03 506.42 9.98E-02 5.08E+09
41 14500 4.10E-03 496.15 1.02E-01 4.85E+09
42 14100 4.20E-03 482.46 1.05E-01 4.61E+09
43 13800 4.30E-03 472.20 1.07E-01 4.40E+09
44 13400 4.40E-03 458.51 1.10E-01 4.18E+09

13
45 12900 4.50E-03 441.40 1.12E-01 3.93E+09
46 12800 4.60E-03 437.98 1.15E-01 3.82E+09

Figure 6: Graph of Force (N) vs Elongation (m)

Figure 7: Graph of Tensile Stress (σ) vs Tensile Strain (ε)

14
 SAMPLE CALCULATION

Figure 8: Sample to Measure

𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑖 = 0.0401𝑚

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑓 = 0.0406𝑚

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷 = 6.1 𝑥10−3

𝜋𝑑2
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴 = 4

𝜋(6.1 𝑥10−3 )2
= 4

= 2.922 𝑥10−5 𝑚 2

iv) Tensile Stress, (𝝈)

𝐹
𝜎= 𝐴

At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

17100
𝜎= 2.922 𝑥10−5

𝜎 = 585.22 𝑀𝑃𝑎
v) Tensile Strain, (𝜺)
𝐿𝑓 − 𝐿𝑖
ε= 𝐿𝑖

At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

15
 5.00 𝑥10−4
ε= 0.0401

ε = 0.0125

vi) Elastic Modulus, (E)

𝝈
E=
𝜺
At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚
585.22 𝑀
E=
0.0125

E = 46.82 𝐺𝑃𝑎

16
6.3 WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR (2023862248)

Table 3: Experiment Data for Mild Steel consists of Force (N), Elongation (m) and TensileProperties ( Stress,
Strain and Elastic Modulus)

Force, F Elongation Tensile Stress, σ Tensile Elastic Modulus, E

No
(N) (m) (MPa) Strain, ε (Pa)

1 2400 1.00E-04 82.12 2.49E-03 3.29E+10

2 5700 2.00E-04 195.04 4.99E-03 3.91E+10
3 9500 3.00E-04 325.06 7.48E-03 4.35E+10
4 13500 4.00E-04 461.93 9.98E-03 4.63E+10
5 17100 5.00E-04 585.12 1.25E-02 4.69E+10
6 18000 6.00E-04 615.91 1.50E-02 4.12E+10
7 18350 7.00E-04 627.89 1.75E-02 3.60E+10
8 19050 8.00E-04 651.84 2.00E-02 3.27E+10
9 19000 9.00E-04 650.13 2.24E-02 2.90E+10
10 18250 1.00E-03 624.47 2.49E-02 2.50E+10
11 19100 1.10E-03 653.55 2.74E-02 2.38E+10
12 19250 1.20E-03 658.68 2.99E-02 2.20E+10
13 19300 1.30E-03 660.39 3.24E-02 2.04E+10
14 19380 1.40E-03 663.13 3.49E-02 1.90E+10
15 19400 1.50E-03 663.82 3.74E-02 1.77E+10
16 19420 1.60E-03 664.50 3.99E-02 1.67E+10
17 19450 1.70E-03 665.53 4.24E-02 1.57E+10
18 19480 1.80E-03 666.55 4.49E-02 1.48E+10
19 19490 1.90E-03 666.89 4.74E-02 1.41E+10
20 19500 2.00E-03 667.24 4.99E-02 1.34E+10
21 19470 2.10E-03 666.21 5.24E-02 1.27E+10
22 19200 2.20E-03 656.97 5.49E-02 1.20E+10
23 19180 2.30E-03 656.29 5.74E-02 1.14E+10
24 19100 2.40E-03 653.55 5.99E-02 1.09E+10
25 18800 2.50E-03 643.28 6.23E-02 1.03E+10
26 18600 2.60E-03 636.44 6.48E-02 9.82E+09
27 18400 2.70E-03 629.60 6.73E-02 9.35E+09

17
28 18300 2.80E-03 626.18 6.98E-02 8.97E+09
29 17800 2.90E-03 609.07 7.23E-02 8.42E+09
30 17700 3.00E-03 605.65 7.48E-02 8.10E+09
31 17500 3.10E-03 598.80 7.73E-02 7.75E+09
32 17300 3.20E-03 591.96 7.98E-02 7.42E+09
33 16800 3.30E-03 574.85 8.23E-02 6.99E+09
34 16600 3.40E-03 568.01 8.48E-02 6.70E+09
35 16400 3.50E-03 561.16 8.73E-02 6.43E+09
36 16100 3.60E-03 550.90 8.98E-02 6.14E+09
37 15800 3.70E-03 540.63 9.23E-02 5.86E+09
38 15500 3.80E-03 530.37 9.48E-02 5.60E+09
39 15200 3.90E-03 520.10 9.73E-02 5.35E+09
40 14800 4.00E-03 506.42 9.98E-02 5.08E+09
41 14500 4.10E-03 496.15 1.02E-01 4.85E+09
42 14100 4.20E-03 482.46 1.05E-01 4.61E+09
43 13800 4.30E-03 472.20 1.07E-01 4.40E+09
44 13400 4.40E-03 458.51 1.10E-01 4.18E+09
45 12900 4.50E-03 441.40 1.12E-01 3.93E+09
46 12800 4.60E-03 437.98 1.15E-01 3.82E+09

Figure 9: Graph of Force (N) vs Elongation (m)

18
Figure 10: Graph of Tensile Stress (σ) vs Tensile Strain (ε)

19
 Sample calculation

Figure 11: Sample Calculation

𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑖 = 0.04𝑚

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑓 = 0.045𝑚

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷 = 6.1 𝑥10−3

𝜋𝑑2
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴 = 4

𝜋(6.1 𝑥10−3 )2
= 4

= 2.922 𝑥10−5 𝑚 2

vii) Tensile Stress, (𝝈)

𝐹
𝜎= 𝐴

At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

17100
𝜎= 2.922 𝑥10−5

𝜎 = 585.22 𝑀𝑃𝑎
viii) Tensile Strain, (𝜺)

20
 𝐿𝑓 − 𝐿𝑖
ε= 𝐿𝑖

At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

5.00 𝑥10−4
ε= 0.04

ε = 0.0125

ix) Elastic Modulus, (E)

𝝈
E=
𝜺
At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚
585.22 𝑀
E=
0.0125

E = 46.82 𝐺𝑃𝑎

21
6.4 WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI (2023686662)

WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI (2023686662)

Result Table 4: Data from the experiment

Force, F Elongation Tensile Stress, σ Tensile Elastic Modulus, E

No
(N) (m) (MPa) Strain, ε (GPa)
1 2400 1.00E-04 82.121 2.49E-03 32.93
2 5700 2.00E-04 195.038 4.99E-03 39.11
3 9500 3.00E-04 325.064 7.48E-03 43.45
4 13500 4.00E-04 461.933 9.98E-03 46.31
5 17100 5.00E-04 585.115 1.25E-02 46.93
6 18000 6.00E-04 615.911 1.50E-02 41.16
7 18350 7.00E-04 627.887 1.75E-02 35.97
8 19050 8.00E-04 651.839 2.00E-02 32.67
9 19000 9.00E-04 650.128 2.24E-02 28.97
10 18250 1.00E-03 624.465 2.49E-02 25.04
11 19100 1.10E-03 653.550 2.74E-02 23.82
12 19250 1.20E-03 658.682 2.99E-02 22.01
13 19300 1.30E-03 660.393 3.24E-02 20.37
14 19380 1.40E-03 663.131 3.49E-02 18.99
15 19400 1.50E-03 663.815 3.74E-02 17.75
16 19420 1.60E-03 664.499 3.99E-02 16.65
17 19450 1.70E-03 665.526 4.24E-02 15.70
18 19480 1.80E-03 666.552 4.49E-02 14.85
19 19490 1.90E-03 666.895 4.74E-02 14.07
20 19500 2.00E-03 667.237 4.99E-02 13.38
21 19470 2.10E-03 666.210 5.24E-02 12.72
22 19200 2.20E-03 656.971 5.49E-02 11.97
23 19180 2.30E-03 656.287 5.74E-02 11.44
24 19100 2.40E-03 653.550 5.99E-02 10.92
25 18800 2.50E-03 643.285 6.23E-02 10.32
26 18600 2.60E-03 636.441 6.48E-02 9.82
27 18400 2.70E-03 629.598 6.73E-02 9.35

22
28 18300 2.80E-03 626.176 6.98E-02 8.97
29 17800 2.90E-03 609.068 7.23E-02 8.42
30 17700 3.00E-03 605.646 7.48E-02 8.10
31 17500 3.10E-03 598.802 7.73E-02 7.75
32 17300 3.20E-03 591.196 7.98E-02 7.42
33 16800 3.30E-03 574.850 8.23E-02 6.99
34 16600 3.40E-03 568.006 8.48E-02 6.70
35 16400 3.50E-03 561.163 8.73E-02 6.43
36 16100 3.60E-03 550.898 8.98E-02 6.14
37 15800 3.70E-03 540.633 9.23E-02 5.86
38 15500 3.80E-03 530.368 9.48E-02 5.60
39 15200 3.90E-03 520.103 9.73E-02 5.35
40 14800 4.00E-03 506.416 9.98E-01 5.08
41 14500 4.10E-03 496.151 1.02E-01 4.85
42 14100 4.20E-03 482.464 1.05E-01 4.61
43 13800 4.30E-03 472.198 1.07E-01 4.40
44 13400 4.40E-03 458.511 1.10E-01 4.18
45 12900 4.50E-03 441.403 1.12E-01 3.93
46 12800 4.60E-03 437.981 1.15E-01 3.82

23
Sample Calculation

Figure 12: Mild Steel Specimen

Li = Initial Length (0.0401 m)

𝐿f = Final Length(0.0406m)

D = Diameter (0.0061 m)

A = Surface Area

𝜋𝑑2
= 4

𝜋(0.0061) 2
= 4

= 2.9225 × 10−5 𝑚2

i. Tensile Stress, (σ)

𝐅
𝛔=
𝑨
24
 at elongation = 5 𝑋 10−4 𝑚
17100
σ=
2.9225 × 10−5

σ =585.115 MPa

ii. Tensile Strain, (ε)

𝑳f − Li
𝛆=
Li

𝑳f − Li = 𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

at elongation = 5 𝑋 10−4 𝑚

5×10−4
𝜀=
0.0401

ε = 0.0125

iii. Elastic Modulus, (E)

𝛔
𝐄=
𝛆

at elongation = 5 𝑋 10−4 𝑚

585.115 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐸=
0.0125

E =46.81 GPa

25
6.5 ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR (2023686664)

Table 5: Experiment Data

Force, F Elongation Tensile Stress, σ Tensile Elastic Modulus, E

No
(N) (m) (MPa) Strain, ε (Pa)

1 2400 1.00E-04 82.12 2.49E-03 3.29E+10

2 5700 2.00E-04 195.04 4.99E-03 3.91E+10
3 9500 3.00E-04 325.06 7.48E-03 4.35E+10
4 13500 4.00E-04 461.93 9.98E-03 4.63E+10
5 17100 5.00E-04 585.12 1.25E-02 4.69E+10
6 18000 6.00E-04 615.91 1.50E-02 4.12E+10
7 18350 7.00E-04 627.89 1.75E-02 3.60E+10
8 19050 8.00E-04 651.84 2.00E-02 3.27E+10
9 19000 9.00E-04 650.13 2.24E-02 2.90E+10
10 18250 1.00E-03 624.47 2.49E-02 2.50E+10
11 19100 1.10E-03 653.55 2.74E-02 2.38E+10
12 19250 1.20E-03 658.68 2.99E-02 2.20E+10
13 19300 1.30E-03 660.39 3.24E-02 2.04E+10
14 19380 1.40E-03 663.13 3.49E-02 1.90E+10
15 19400 1.50E-03 663.82 3.74E-02 1.77E+10
16 19420 1.60E-03 664.50 3.99E-02 1.67E+10
17 19450 1.70E-03 665.53 4.24E-02 1.57E+10
18 19480 1.80E-03 666.55 4.49E-02 1.48E+10
19 19490 1.90E-03 666.89 4.74E-02 1.41E+10
20 19500 2.00E-03 667.24 4.99E-02 1.34E+10
21 19470 2.10E-03 666.21 5.24E-02 1.27E+10
22 19200 2.20E-03 656.97 5.49E-02 1.20E+10
23 19180 2.30E-03 656.29 5.74E-02 1.14E+10
24 19100 2.40E-03 653.55 5.99E-02 1.09E+10
25 18800 2.50E-03 643.28 6.23E-02 1.03E+10

26
26 18600 2.60E-03 636.44 6.48E-02 9.82E+09
27 18400 2.70E-03 629.60 6.73E-02 9.35E+09
28 18300 2.80E-03 626.18 6.98E-02 8.97E+09
29 17800 2.90E-03 609.07 7.23E-02 8.42E+09
30 17700 3.00E-03 605.65 7.48E-02 8.10E+09
31 17500 3.10E-03 598.80 7.73E-02 7.75E+09
32 17300 3.20E-03 591.96 7.98E-02 7.42E+09
33 16800 3.30E-03 574.85 8.23E-02 6.99E+09
34 16600 3.40E-03 568.01 8.48E-02 6.70E+09
35 16400 3.50E-03 561.16 8.73E-02 6.43E+09
36 16100 3.60E-03 550.90 8.98E-02 6.14E+09
37 15800 3.70E-03 540.63 9.23E-02 5.86E+09
38 15500 3.80E-03 530.37 9.48E-02 5.60E+09
39 15200 3.90E-03 520.10 9.73E-02 5.35E+09
40 14800 4.00E-03 506.42 9.98E-02 5.08E+09
41 14500 4.10E-03 496.15 1.02E-01 4.85E+09
42 14100 4.20E-03 482.46 1.05E-01 4.61E+09
43 13800 4.30E-03 472.20 1.07E-01 4.40E+09
44 13400 4.40E-03 458.51 1.10E-01 4.18E+09
45 12900 4.50E-03 441.40 1.12E-01 3.93E+09
46 12800 4.60E-03 437.98 1.15E-01 3.82E+09

27
 Force (N) vs Elongation (m)
25000

20000

15000
Force (N)

10000

5000

0
0.00E+00 5.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.50E-03 2.00E-03 2.50E-03 3.00E-03 3.50E-03 4.00E-03 4.50E-03 5.00E-03
Elongation (m)

Figure 12: Graph of Force (N) vs Elongation (m)

Tensile Stress (σ) vs Tensile Strain (ε)

800

700

600
Tensile Stress (σ)

500

400

300

200

100

0
0.00E+00 2.00E-02 4.00E-02 6.00E-02 8.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.20E-01 1.40E-01
Tensile Strain (ε)

Figure 13: Graph of Tensile Stress (σ) vs Tensile Strain (ε)

28
 SAMPLE CALCULATION

Figure 14: Sample to Measure

𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑖 = 0.0401𝑚

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿𝑓 = 0.0406𝑚

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷 = 6.1 𝑥10−3

𝜋𝑑 2
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴 = 4

𝜋(6.1 𝑥10−3 )2
=
4

= 2.922 𝑥10−5 𝑚2

x) Tensile Stress, (𝝈)

𝐹
𝜎= 𝐴

At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

17100
𝜎= 2.922 𝑥10−5

𝜎 = 585.22 𝑀𝑃𝑎

29
xi) Tensile Strain, (𝜺)
𝐿𝑓 − 𝐿𝑖
ε= 𝐿𝑖

At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚

5.00 𝑥10−4
ε= 0.0401

ε = 0.0125

xii) Elastic Modulus, (E)

𝝈
E=
𝜺
At elongation = 5.00 𝑥10−4 𝑚
585.22 𝑀
E=
0.0125

E = 46.82 𝐺𝑃𝑎

30
7.0 DISCUSSION
7.1 MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID (2023473872)
The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the tensile properties of a cylindrical mild
steel specimen under tensile loading. The experiment involved plotting the force vs elongation
data. By utilizing these values, stress and strain were calculated, and a stress-strain graph was
constructed. The graph demonstrated a direct proportionality between stress and strain until the
ultimate strength point. Beyond the yield point, the graph exhibited a gradual decrease, followed
by a significant decline leading to the fracture point. The calculated Young's modulus, E, was
determined to be 47.13 GPa, while the theoretical Young's modulus is 210 GPa. This resulted in a
high error percentage of 77%, indicating that the experimental value obtained was inaccurate, and
the experiment can be considered unsuccessful.

The inaccuracies in the results obtained from this experiment may be attributed to various
errors. As a precaution, it is advisable to perform a thorough check of the machine's functionality
and overall condition before conducting the experiment. Additionally, when measuring the
specimen, it is important to ensure that the measurements are taken perpendicular to the eye's
viewpoint to avoid parallax errors. Furthermore, it should be noted that the cylindrical specimen
used in this experiment does not adhere to the standards set by the American Society for Testing
and Materials (ASTM). The international standard specifies a gauge length to diameter ratio of
1:4. Consequently, this deviation from the standard may lead to variations in the obtained results
compared to the international standard.

Ductile failure transpires when the applied load surpasses the ultimate tensile strength of
mild steel, given its ductile nature. This results in the formation of a characteristic tensile cup-and-
cone fracture, which exhibits numerous small internal fractures known as microvoids. These
microvoids become evident after the attainment of the tensile strength, as the stress begins to
decline towards the point of fracture. There are only a few errors, such as when the machine
malfunctions. This is primarily because the machine has been running for an extended period,
increasing the likelihood of occasional errors during the experiment. To minimize the impact of
these inaccuracies, it is advisable to perform a thorough inspection of the machine prior to
commencing the experiment. This precautionary measure will enhance the accuracy of the
readings obtained from the machine.

31
7.2 NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK (2023695852)

Tensile testing is a destructive method used to reveal details about a metallic material's tensile
strength, yield strength, and ductility. This test measures the amount of stretch or elongation
that a composite or plastic specimen undergoes until it breaks. In this experiment, steel is used
as the specimen. The collected data demonstrates the specimen's extension and elongation,
from which stress and strain can be calculated, allowing for the determination of Young's
modulus. Comparing the experimental value to the theoretical value helps explain any
discrepancies, which can result from various errors, including systematic and parallax errors
in the experimental setup.

The test sample is made from a ductile material, capable of stretching and supporting more
weight before breaking. During the experiment, under high stresses and strains, mild steel
begins to strain harden. The engineering stress-strain curve shows a downward deviation at
necking, making the material harder to break. This condition is not typically observed in
genuine stress-strain curves beyond the maximum breaking region. The experiment reveals
necking in the specimen just before failure, resulting in a cup-cone fracture. This type of
failure occurs in ductile metals and polymers under uniaxial stress, where the body splits into
two pieces due to excessive tensile stress.

32
7.3 WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR (2023862248)

We used mild steel as a specimen in this experiment since it was a good material to useas a
experiment. The specimen was secured to the bottom vice and upper vice using hydraulicgrip before
than being placed on the test jigs. Up until the specimen fractured and the necking point was
reached, the load and extension were continuously recorded. By using the data, we can calculate.
the stress and strain to get the Young's modulus.

The findings from the universal measuring machine show the variation in extension rates in
a mild steel sample. Information on axial loads, cross-sectional area, length, and extension were
employed to compute strain and stress. There were rather high extensions underthe same amount of
stress. According to the stress-strain figure above, the yield stress, which is equal to 667.24 MPa, will
cause the specimen to break down and irreversibly distort. The graph refers to the final stress as the
maximal stress. The specimen's final stress is 667.24 MPa as a result. The specimen's fracture stress
may be calculated at the curve where the breakfirst occurs; it is roughly 656.97 MPa. BCC (Body
Centred Cubic) is a property of mild steel.

Engineering correlations between stress and strain have little impact on cross-sectionalarea
changes. Only actual stress-strain curves will experience such changes. Real-world strainvalues are
greater than those of engineering stresses rather regularly. This is because true strainshappen in the
transverse direction of the gauge length. In mild steel, strain hardening is relatedto high stress and
strain levels. The graph shows that the curve deviates downward when engineering stress-strain
curves are necked. However, this phenomenon cannot be observed intypical genuine stress-strain
curves since the curves must exceed the maximal area of [Link] specimen depicts the necking
that took place immediately before the specimen failed during the experiment. This caused a "cup-
cone" structure to develop at the site of the [Link] specimen has a ductile fracture type as a
result of its form.

There are just a few errors that may be mentioned, such as machine errors. It is due to the
machine's extended use and potential for inaccuracy throughout the trial. The mistake in taking the
reading from the machine itself can be reduced by verifying the machine before the experiment
begins.

33
7.4 WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI (2023686662)

The results of the experiment show the amount of force needed to break the mild steel
specimen and the extent to which it elongates before breaking. The specimen is totally fractures
after 50-wheel turns with a maximum elongation of 4.60E-03m and a force of 12.8 kN. Also, based
on the data obtained, the value of tensile stress and strain can be determined.

Next, it shows that the specimen undergoes from elastic deformation to uniform plastic
deformation. The value of the tensile stress remains constant at 667.24 MPa, indicating that the
specimen has reached its ultimate tensile strength and started to be necking. The necking condition
will result in the tensile stress decreasing, and thus drive the graph to decline. Additionally, despite
a fall in tensile stress after it reaches certain values, the tensile strain or elongation of the specimen
is still increasing. This is because the deformation of a solid body can never return to its initial
length after passes through the elastic behaviour. Thus, it yielded variations in specimen length
that ranged from 40mm before the experiment to 45mm after it, with a 5mm increment produced.
As a result of the experiment, the specimen tends to fail completely, or its fractured strength is
437.981 MPa. Hence, a smooth cup structure formed on the specimen fractured surface shows the
ductility of mild steel.

Other than that, modulus of elasticity can be determined using the stress-strain diagram.
The experimental value of elastic modulus is 46.93 GPa while the theoretical value is 200 GPa
which has an error rate of 76.54%. Measures should be taken to minimise any errors that could
affect the final result in order to reduce this percentage error. Ensuring the specimen is securely
fastened to prevent slippage and that the load is spread uniformly throughout the specimen to
achieve an accurate result. Next, zero error might occurred. The arrow in dial gauge may not be
pointing at the initial, 0, however this can be fixed by adjusting the device. The objectives are to
reduce errors as much as possible and ensure the experimental value approaches the theoretical
value with as little variance as possible.

34
7.5 ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR (2023686664)

The main objectives of this experiment are to investigate the tensile characteristics of a
material when subjected to tensile loading, examine the different types of fracture surfaces that
occur under such loading conditions, and compare the experimental results with the theoretical
values. To ensure accuracy, several precautions were taken during the experiment to minimize
errors. Aluminum was chosen as the test material for this particular study. Precise measurements
of the specimen were obtained using a Vernier Caliper to ensure accurate dimensions.

Analysis of the stress versus strain graph reveals a direct relationship between stress and
strain. As the applied stress increases, the strain also increases proportionally. Initially, the tensile
stresses and tensile strain were measured at 82.12 MPa and 2.49 𝑥10−3 , respectively, when the
load was first applied. The stress value continues to rise along with the load until it reaches a
maximum value of 667.24 MPa. At this point, the strain value is 4.99 𝑥10−2 , while the load
reaches 19.5 kN. As the specimen enters the plastic region, the stress value remains constant at
667.24 MPa, with only slight increments in the strain values. Eventually, the stress value starts to
decrease while the strain value continues to grow until the specimen reaches its breaking point and
fractures into two pieces.

Similar to the stress versus strain graph, the load versus extension graph exhibits a similar
pattern. As more force is applied to the specimen, the extension increases. Once the material enters
the plastic region, the load value stabilizes and remains constant. Following further increments in
extension, the specimen eventually fractures into two separate pieces. This experiment aims to
understand the tensile behavior of aluminum under varying load conditions. By analyzing the
stress versus strain graph and the load versus extension graph, the relationship between stress,
strain, load, and extension can be observed. The experimental results will be compared with
theoretical values to validate the findings.

35
8.0 CONCLUSION

8.1 MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID (2023473872)

In conclusions, we could conclude our experiment has accomplish its objective which is to
study of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys under various compositions and heat treatment. We can
understand the differences between ferrous and non-ferrous alloys from metallurgical point of
view. In each phase that the alloys go through, there are differences in the microstructure of the
materials. Pearlite, cementite, ferrite, and alpha are examples of microstructure discovered. Finally,
we can describe the principal engineering properties and industrial application of ferrous and non-
ferrous alloy. The process occurred during the experiment is generally used in industry such as low
carbon steel of ferrous alloy has ductile and tough properties which suitable to make nuts, bolts,
car cylinder blocks and gear wheels.

8.2 NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK (2023695852)

In summary, the experiment's objective has been successfully accomplished. We've
managed to differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous alloys through various means, including
their characteristics and microstructure. The optical microscope, especially at 400X magnification,
proved invaluable in identifying the samples. Furthermore, this experiment aided in understanding
the phase diagrams of both iron-carbon and non-ferrous systems. The differences observed in
microscopic views provided insights into the type of heat treatment applied. Ultimately, this
knowledge enables us to recognize the industrial applications of these materials.

8.3 WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR (2023862248)
In conclusion, we can understand the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous alloys
from a metallurgical standpoint according to the experiment that has been completed. The
microstructure of the various materials differs. We can also know the phase diagrams of iron-
carbon and non-ferrous systems, which facilitate heat treatment and the techniques required. Also,
we are able to define the fundamental engineering characteristics and commercial uses of ferrous
and non-ferrous alloys.

36
8.4 WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI (2023686662)

This experiment can be concluded that ferrous and non-ferrous alloy materials have
different microstructures from a metallurgical perspective. Various specimen structures are formed
by multiple procedures being applied to different specimen alloys. Furthermore, by understanding
the relation between the content of carbon and other alloying components that may affect the
mechanical properties of an alloy, we are able to comprehend in detail the heat treatment utilised
and the phase diagram of iron-carbon and non-ferrous materials. Hence, every alloy has its own
important properties which need to be identified before applying it in the industry. In conclusion,
the understanding of microstructure study of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys under various
compositions and heat treatment conditions become clear and the objectives are accepted.

8.5 ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR (2023686664)

In summary, the experiment's objective has been successfully accomplished. It's evident
that there are distinct variations in material microstructures throughout different stages of alloy
production, owing to the presence of diverse microstructural components like pearlite, cementite,
ferrite, and alpha phases. Moreover, a comprehensive grasp of the phase diagrams governing iron
carbon and non-ferrous systems enables the implementation of effective heat treatment protocols,
thereby proving indispensable in the engineering and industrial realms of both ferrous and non-
ferrous alloys. Additionally, a profound comprehension of the fundamental engineering properties
of these materials is paramount for their effective utilization across various industries. Hence,
continuous exploration and advancement of our understanding of alloy materials are imperative to
enhance their quality and performance in industrial processes.

37
9.0 REFERENCES
[1] 12.3 Stress, Strain, and Elastic Modulus - University Physics Volume 1. OpenStax.
(n.d.). [Link]
and-elastic-
modulus#:~:text=An%20object%20or%20medium%20under,strain%20is%20a%20dime
nsionless%20number

[2] Paul, A. (2017, March 16). Ductile fracture of metals by necking - cup and cone failure -
civildigital -. CivilDigital. [Link]
cone-failure/amp/

[3] Saba, N., Jawaid, M., & Sultan, M. T. H. (2019). An overview of mechanical and
physical testing of composite materials. Mechanical and Physical Testing of
Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites, 1–12.
[Link]

[4] Stress-strain diagram. Stress-strain Diagram | Strength of Materials Review at

MATHalino. (n.d.). [Link]
materials/stress-strain-diagram

[5] Tec-Science. (2022, June 25). Tensile test - tec-science. tec. [Link]
[Link]/material-science/material-testing/tensile-test/

38
10.0 APPENDICES

Figure: Stress Strain Graph

39
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Teamwork Assessment Form

Name : MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID

Member’s Name 1 : NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK

2 : WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR

3 : WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI

4 : ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5
I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5
I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5
I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5
I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5
I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5
I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5
I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5
Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5
Total 50 50 50 50 50

Comment

Self: Successfully completed my part.

Member 1: Performed the task given with efficiency and excellence.

Member 2: Performed the task given with efficiency and excellence.

Member 3: Performed the task given with efficiency and excellence.

Member 4: Performed the task given with efficiency and excellence.

 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Teamwork Assessment Form

Name : NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK

Member’s Name 1 : MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID

2 : WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR

3 : WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI

4 : ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5
I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5
I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5
I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5
I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5
I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5
I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5
I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5
Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5
Total 50 50 50 50 50

Comment

Self: Excellent Top Tier Work Ethic.

Member 1: Excellent Teamwork.

Member 2: Excellent Teamwork.

Member 3: Excellent Teamwork.

Member 4: Excellent Teamwork.

 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Teamwork Assessment Form

Name : WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR

Member’s Name 1 : MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID

2 : NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK

3 : WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI

4 : ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5
I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5
I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5
I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5
I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5
I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5
I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5
I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5
Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5
Total 50 50 50 50 50

Comment

Self: Finished my part successfully

Member 1: Finished and do a great job with their part.

Member 2: Finished and do a great job with their part.

Member 3: Finished and do a great job with their part.

Member 4: Finished and do a great job with their part.

 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Teamwork Assessment Form

Name : WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI

Member’s Name 1 : MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID

2 : NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK

3 : WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR

4 : ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5
I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5
I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5
I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5
I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5
I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5
I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5
I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5
Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5
Total 50 50 50 50 50

Comment

Self: All is well.

Member 1: Shown excellent work behaviors in the task given. Well done!

Member 2: Shown excellent work behaviors in the task given. Well done!

Member 3: Shown excellent work behaviors in the task given. Well done!

Member 4: Shown excellent work behaviors in the task given. Well done!
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Teamwork Assessment Form

Name : ZULHUSNI BIN SAMSOR

Member’s Name 1 : MUHAMMAD IRHAM HAIKAL BIN MOHAMAD RASHID

2 : NIK RAFIUDDIN RIZKI BIN ABD RAZAK

3 : WAN ADAM MIRZA BIN WAN JEFFRY @ WAN NOOR

4 : WAN SYAFIQ NADZMIE BIN WAN SUHAIMI

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5
I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5
I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5
I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5
I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5
I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5
I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5
I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5
Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5
Total 50 50 50 50 50

Comment

Self: Finished and successfully my part.

Member 1: Did great and perform as well in the task given. Great performance!

Member 2: Did great and perform as well in the task given. Great performance!

Member 3: Did great and perform as well in the task given. Great performance!

Member 4: Did great and perform as well in the task given. Great performance!