∙ Rizal had two reasons for coming home, in spite of the

dangers that he knowingly awaited him:

a. to talk personally with Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol

of the British North Borneo colonization project; and

b. to establish the Liga Filipina in Manila.

 • June 27, 1892
• 4:00PM –he went to Malacaῇang to seek
an audience with Governor Despujol, but
was told to come back at 7:00 in the
evening.
• 7:00PM –he was able to confer with the
[Link]., wherein the latter agreed to
pardon his father but not the rest of the
family.
∙ He had other interviews with the Gov. Gen. on June 29 to seek pardon for
his family and request that the penalty of exile be lifted, but was
unsuccessful, although there was hope for his sisters.
• July 3, 1892
• He returned to talk with the Governor, but only to give
his thanks for lifting the penalty of exile for his sisters
and to inform him that his father and brother were
arriving on the first boat.
• Rizal founded La Liga Filipina, a civic organization that
aimed to unite Filipinos, promote education, and push
for peaceful reforms under Spanish rule.
• The meeting was held at the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila.
• He presented the Constitution of the La Liga Filipina,
which he had prepared in Hong Kong, which was
accepted favorably by the members and gladly
approved the establishment of the Liga.
 "Unus Instar Omnium“ –One Like All

∙ As embodied in the constitution, the aims of the La

Liga Filipina were the following:
•Unite the whole archipelago
•Mutual protection in every want and necessity
•Defense against all violence and injustice
•Encouragement of education, agriculture, and
commerce
•Study and application of reforms
The duties of the members were as follows:
a. Obey the orders of the Supreme Council;
b. Help fellow members in need;
c. Defend the oppressed;
d. Promote education and economic growth;
e. Encourage patriotism and unity;
f. Contribute funds for the organization; and
g. Refrain from actions that harm the organization.
• During the founding meeting of La Liga Filipina on July 3, 1892, at the
house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila, the following officers were
elected:
• Ambrosio Salvador – President
• Agustín de la Rosa – Fiscal
• Bonifacio Arevalo – Treasurer
• Deodato Arellano – Secretary

• The La Liga Filipina later split into two factions:

• Cuerpo de Compromisarios
• Katipunan
• It was during one of his visits to the Malacaῆang to resume his talks with the
governor, that the latter showed him “subversive” materials allegedly found
in Lucia’s pillow case.
∙ In spite of his protestations of innocence, that the customs authorities had
inspected their baggage and found nothing, he was arrested.

• The arrest was made known to the public the next

day through the newspaper Gaceta de Manila,
causing indignation among the Filipino people and
disturbance and uneasiness among the members of
the newly organized Liga Filipina.
• Rizal’s First Arrest (July 6, 1892)
• Rizal was summoned to Malacañang Palace by Governor-General Eulogio Despujol
for a second meeting.
• Rizal was immediately arrested and taken to Fort Santiago, a Spanish military fortress
in Manila.
• The next day, July 7, 1892, Governor-General Despujol officially ordered Rizal’s
exile to Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao.
• He was secretly placed aboard the steamer Cebu on July 14, 1892, and arrived in
Dapitan on July 17, 1892.
∙ The same issue likewise contained the Governor’s decree dated July 7, 1892
deporting Rizal to “one of the islands in the south,” justifying its actions on
the following grounds:

• Possession of "subversive" materials

• Founding La Liga Filipina
• Instigating anti-Spanish sentiments
• Being a perceived threat to colonial stability
His Life in Dapitan
 • Father Pablo Pastells sent a letter through the ship to Father
Antonio Obach, the Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan. In this letter,
Pastells allowed Rizal to stay at the parish convent under the
following conditions:
• Rizal must retract his anti-Catholic and anti-friar statements
• He must perform religious practices
• He must behave properly as a faithful Catholic and obedience to
Church authorities.
• Rizal’s Response:
• Rizal refused to retract his beliefs, so he was not allowed to
stay at the convent.
• Instead, he lived in exile in Barangay Talisay, Dapitan,
where he built a school, practiced medicine, and helped
improve the community.
• Wins Lottery
• On September 21, 1892, the Manila
Lottery drew its results, and Rizal’s
ticket #9736 won ₱20,000.
• He shared the ticket with two friends,
Captain Carnicero (the Spanish
commandant of Dapitan) and Francisco
Equilor.
• As a result, Rizal’s share of the winnings was around ₱6,200:
• Bought land in Dapitan
• Helped local farmers
• Supported his family
• Donated to public projects
 A Spy in their Midst
• A man named Pablo Mercado arrived in Dapitan, pretending to be a relative
of Rizal.
• He introduced himself using the surname Mercado, which was Rizal’s real
family name.
• He attempted to befriend Rizal and gain his trust, but Rizal became
suspicious of him.
• Rizal noticed inconsistencies in Mercado’s story and examined his
belongings.
• He found letters and documents that revealed Mercado was an undercover
agent.
• Mercado admitted that the friars paid him to spy on Rizal and collect
evidence against him and his true name was Florencio Namanan.
 Community Activities:
1. Education: Teaching the Youth
2. Medicine and Public Health
3. Agriculture and Farming
4. Engineering and Infrastructure
5. Civic and Cultural Development
6. Business and Commerce
Rizal’s Impact on Dapitan:
• Transformed Dapitan from a quiet town into a self-sufficient and
progressive community.
• Empowered locals through education, livelihood, and public works.
• Demonstrated leadership and the power of peaceful reform.

∙ But after all was said and done, Rizal did not feel completely happy. The
death of Leonor Rivera added to his sadness and loneliness. He felt he
needed someone, and from nowhere came Josephine Bracken, the last
woman in his life.
In the Trap – Governor Ramon Blanco’s Duplicity
 Rizal’s Voyage from Dapitan to Manila (July 31 – August 6, 1896)
• Departure from Dapitan (July 31, 1896)
• Rizal boarded the Spanish steamer España on the night of July 31, 1896.
• Stopover in Dumaguete (August 1, 1896)
• Upon arrival, Rizal visited Governor Manuel Rojo and performed eye
surgeries for some patients.
• Stopover in Cebu (August 2, 1896)
• Rizal briefly disembarked and met with local leaders.
• Stopover in Iloilo (August 3, 1896)
• Rizal visited Casa Real, the government house of Iloilo.
• Arrival in Manila (August 6, 1896)
• España arrived in Manila Bay, but Rizal was not allowed to disembark.
Outbreak of the Philippine Revolution
• A Katipunan member, Teodoro Patiño, revealed the existence of
the secret revolutionary society.
• Fr. Mariano Gil immediately informed Spanish authorities, who
ordered a crackdown on suspected Katipuneros.
• Spanish forces raided the Diario de Manila printing press, where
they found incriminating documents confirming the existence of the
Katipunan.
• Governor-General Ramón Blanco declared martial law in eight
provinces:
• Manila, Cavite, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,
Tarlac, and Laguna.

• On August 23, 1896, the Katipuneros tore their cedulas as a sign of

defiance against Spain.
 The Trap
∙ But unknown to Rizal was the treacherous plan of the man to whom he
gave his honor, plotting a trap for him which was now being laid.

∙ Just after the steamer left Port Said, Rizal heard of his impending arrest
from a fellow passenger. He would be arrested by order of Governor -
General Blanco and would be sent to a prison in Ceuta in the Spanish
Morocco.

∙ In a letter, he gave the purpose of writing his friend that is to inform him
of his present situation, so that if anything happened to him, his friend was
forewarned.
 The Arrest
• While Rizal was on the way to Spain, the Katipunan
launched the Philippine Revolution.
• Spanish authorities accused Rizal of inspiring the rebellion,
even though he had no involvement.
• Governor Blanco, pressured by friars and Spanish officials,
secretly ordered Rizal’s arrest.

• Rizal left Manila aboard the steamer Isla de Panay, believing he was heading to
Spain, then to Cuba.
• Upon reaching Barcelona, Spain, Rizal was immediately arrested by Spanish
authorities and was detained at Montjuïc Fortress, a military prison in
Barcelona.
• He was put aboard the steamer Colón on October 6, 1896, and sent back to the
Philippines as a prisoner.