Science (Theory)

Class: X

Maximum Marks: 80
Time Allowed: 3 Hours

General Instructions

1. This question paper consists of $\mathbf{5}$ sections: $\mathbf{A, B, C, D,}$ and $\

mathbf{E}$.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in a few questions.
A student is expected to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.
3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying $\mathbf{1}$ mark each. This
includes MCQs, Assertion-Reasoning, and other objective questions.
4. Section B consists of 6 very short answer (VSA) questions carrying $\mathbf{2}$ marks
each.
5. Section C consists of 7 short answer (SA) questions carrying $\mathbf{3}$ marks each.
6. Section D consists of 3 long answer (LA) questions carrying $\mathbf{5}$ marks each.
7. Section E consists of 3 case-based/source-based integrated assessment units carrying
$\mathbf{4}$ marks each with sub-parts.
8. Chemical equations and diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.

Section A (20 Marks)

(Objective Type Questions)

(MCQs - Q. 1 to Q. 16: Select the correct option)

1. The following reaction is an example of a: [1]

 $$2Pb(NO_3)_2(s) \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} 2PbO(s) + 4NO_2(g) + O_2(g)$$

(A) Combination reaction

(B) Decomposition reaction
(C) Displacement reaction
(D) Double displacement reaction
2. Which of the following processes prevents corrosion? [1]
(A) Galvanisation
(B) Painting
(C) Oiling
(D) All of the above
3. An element forms an oxide $A_2O_3$ that is acidic. Which of the following is most likely
to be element A? [1]
(A) $\text{Na}$
(B) $\text{C}$
(C) $\text{Al}$
(D) $\text{Ca}$
4. The functional group present in propanone is: [1]
(A) Carboxylic acid
(B) Alcohol
(C) Ketone
(D) Aldehyde
5. Which part of the digestive system absorbs the final products of digestion? [1]
(A) Stomach
(B) Large intestine
(C) Small intestine
(D) Liver
6. The correct path of blood through the human heart is: [1]
(A) Left Atrium $\to$ Left Ventricle $\to$ Lungs $\to$ Right Atrium $\to$ Right Ventricle
(B) Right Atrium $\to$ Right Ventricle $\to$ Lungs $\to$ Left Atrium $\to$ Left Ventricle
(C) Right Atrium $\to$ Left Atrium $\to$ Right Ventricle $\to$ Left Ventricle $\to$ Lungs
(D) Left Atrium $\to$ Right Atrium $\to$ Lungs $\to$ Right Ventricle $\to$ Left Ventricle
7. Which of the following is an example of a reflex arc? [1]
(A) Pupil size changes when light intensity changes.
(B) Chewing food.
(C) Writing with a pen.
(D) Thinking about a problem.
8. The site of fertilization in the human female reproductive system is the: [1]
(A) Uterus
(B) Ovary
(C) Vagina
 (D) Fallopian tube
9. In pea plants, tallness (T) is dominant over dwarfness (t). A cross between a pure tall
plant and a pure dwarf plant resulted in $F_1$ generation. The phenotype of the $F_1$
generation would be: [1]
(A) All dwarf
(B) All tall
(C) 50% tall, 50% dwarf
(D) 75% tall, 25% dwarf
10. The phenomenon of light responsible for the blue color of the sky is: [1]
(A) Reflection
(B) Refraction
(C) Dispersion
(D) Scattering
11. An object is placed at $2F$ in front of a convex lens. The image formed will be: [1]
(A) At $F$, real and inverted
(B) At $2F$, real, inverted, and same size
(C) Beyond $2F$, real and enlarged
(D) Between $F$ and $2F$, real and reduced
12. The unit of electric power is: [1]
(A) Volt
(B) Watt
(C) Joule
(D) Ampere
13. If the current $I$ through a resistor is doubled, the power dissipated by the resistor will:
[1]
(A) Be halved
(B) Be doubled
(C) Become four times
(D) Remain the same
14. Which factor does not affect the magnitude of the force on a current-carrying
conductor placed in a magnetic field? [1]
(A) Magnitude of current
(B) Length of the conductor
(C) Magnetic field strength
(D) Material of the conductor
15. Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy? [1]
(A) Solar energy
(B) Natural gas
(C) Wind energy
(D) Biomass energy
16. Which of the following is an example of a food chain in a forest ecosystem? [1]
 (A) Grass $\to$ Lion $\to$ Human
(B) Grass $\to$ Deer $\to$ Tiger
(C) Grass $\to$ Snake $\to$ Eagle
(D) Grass $\to$ Rabbit $\to$ Frog

(Assertion-Reasoning Type Questions - Q. 17 to Q. 20)

In these questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).

Choose the correct option.

(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true, but R is false.
(D) A is false, but R is true.
17. Assertion (A): The burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is an exothermic process.
[1]
Reason (R): All decomposition reactions are exothermic in nature.
18. Assertion (A): The renal artery transports dirty blood to the kidneys. [1]
Reason (R): The function of the kidney is to remove nitrogenous waste products like urea
from the blood.
19. Assertion (A): The twinkling of stars is due to the phenomenon of total internal reflection.
[1]
Reason (R): The refractive index of the Earth's atmosphere fluctuates randomly.
20. Assertion (A): The electric current is the flow of charge per unit time. [1]
Reason (R): The unit of electric current is Ampere.

Section B (12 Marks)

(Very Short Answer Questions - 2 Marks each)

21. $2$ mL of Sodium Hydroxide solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc metal
taken in a test tube. When the contents are warmed, a gas evolves. Name the gas and
state how you would test for its presence. [2]
22. State two properties of carbon which lead to the formation of a very large number of
compounds. [2]
OR
 The molecular formula of an element is $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}$. State whether it is
saturated or unsaturated. Justify your answer.
23. What is 'Receptor'? Where are receptors usually located in the body? Give one example
of a receptor. [2]
24. A convex lens has a focal length of $20$ cm. What is the power of the lens? [2]
OR
Why are the headlights of a car fitted with a concave mirror?
25. Define magnetic field lines. Why do two magnetic field lines never intersect each other?
[2]
26. What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem? [2]

Section C (21 Marks)

(Short Answer Questions - 3 Marks each)

27. Give reasons for the following: [3]
(i) Sodium metal is stored immersed in kerosene oil.
(ii) Curd and sour substances are not kept in brass and copper vessels.
(iii) When a metal is exposed to the environment, it gets tarnished.
28. Draw a labeled diagram of the $\text{pH}$ scale. Mention the $\text{pH}$ range for (i)
strong acids and (ii) strong bases. [3]
29. State the role of the following in the process of digestion: [3]
(i) Amylase
(ii) $\text{HCl}$
(iii) Bile
30. Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction. Give two points of distinction.
[3]
OR
Explain the term variation in relation to heredity. Why is variation beneficial to the
species but not necessarily to the individual?
31. How does the refraction of light occur in the atmosphere? Explain why the Sun appears
two minutes before the actual sunrise and two minutes after the actual sunset. [3]
32. (i) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of $3$ cells of $2$ V
each, a $5 \ \Omega$ resistor, an $8 \ \Omega$ resistor, and a $12 \ \Omega$ resistor,
and a plug key, all connected in series. [2]
(ii) Calculate the total effective resistance of the circuit. [1]
OR
An electric lamp of $100 \ \Omega$, a toaster of $50 \ \Omega$, and a water filter of
$500 \ \Omega$ are connected in parallel to a $220 \ \text{V}$ source. What is the
 resistance of an electric iron connected to the same source that takes as much current
as all three appliances?
33. What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances? Give two examples of
each. [3]

Section D (15 Marks)

(Long Answer Questions - 5 Marks each)

34. (i) How would you distinguish between ethanoic acid and ethanol using chemical tests?
Give the chemical equations for the reactions involved. [3]
(ii) Draw the electron dot structure of methane ($\text{CH}_4$). [2]
OR
(i) What is meant by the $\mathbf{catenation}$ property of carbon? Give two examples
of structures formed by catenation. [3]
(ii) Define a homologous series. Give one example. [2]
35. (i) Draw a neat, labeled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower. [3]
(ii) Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination. [2]
36. (i) State Snell's law of refraction. [1]
(ii) A person is unable to see objects placed beyond $1.2$ m clearly. What is the nature
of the lens required to restore proper vision? Calculate the power of the required lens.
[4]
OR
(i) State Fleming's Left-Hand Rule. [2]
(ii) What is an electric motor? State the principle on which it works. [3]

Section E (12 Marks)

(Case Study Based Questions - 4 Marks each)

37. Case Study 1: Electrolysis and Redox Reactions (Chemistry)

A student set up an experiment to perform the electrolysis of water. He used a plastic mug,
two carbon electrodes, and a $6 \ \text{V}$ battery. He poured water into the mug and added
a few drops of dilute $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$. He noticed that the volume of gas collected in
one test tube was double that in the other.

(i) Why is $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ added to the water during electrolysis? [1]

(ii) Name the gas collected at the (a) Anode and (b) Cathode. [2]
(iii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the electrolysis of water. [1]

38. Case Study 2: Life Processes and Excretion (Biology)

The human excretory system plays a crucial role in removing nitrogenous waste from the
body. The primary filtering unit in the kidney is the nephron. Urine formation involves three
main steps: Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion. The nephron structure
is complex and includes the Bowman's capsule and a long renal tubule.

(i) The main nitrogenous waste filtered out by the kidney in humans is $\mathbf{X}$. Name $\
mathbf{X}$. [1]
(ii) Describe the process of reabsorption that occurs in the nephron. [2]
(iii) Name the two components of the renal tubule that are primarily responsible for the
concentration of urine. [1]

39. Case Study 3: Parallel Combination of Resistors (Physics)

The circuit shown below consists of three resistors $R_1, R_2$, and $R_3$ connected in
parallel across a battery of $12 \ \text{V}$. The values are $R_1 = 10 \ \Omega$, $R_2 = 15 \ \
Omega$, and $R_3 = 30 \ \Omega$.

(i) What is the potential difference across each resistor? [1]

(ii) Calculate the total current flowing from the battery. [3]