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Digital Integrated Circuits Overview

The document discusses IC digital logic families, focusing on NAND and NOR gates, and the characteristics of bipolar and unipolar transistors. It outlines key parameters such as fan out, power dissipation, propagation delay, and noise margin for basic gates. Additionally, it describes the operation of RTL and DTL gates, detailing how input conditions affect their output states.

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13 views9 pages

Digital Integrated Circuits Overview

The document discusses IC digital logic families, focusing on NAND and NOR gates, and the characteristics of bipolar and unipolar transistors. It outlines key parameters such as fan out, power dissipation, propagation delay, and noise margin for basic gates. Additionally, it describes the operation of RTL and DTL gates, detailing how input conditions affect their output states.

Uploaded by

purvdalwadi024
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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13 - DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

IC DIGITAL LOGIC FAMILIES


IC DIGITAL LOGIC FAMILIES
 IC digital logic family is a either NAND or a NOR Gates
 Bipolar Junction Transistor is familiar NPN or PNP
junction Transistor.
 The operation of bipolar transistor depends on the flow
of two types of carriers: electron and holes
 Unipolar Junction: flow is depend on only one type of
majority carrier, electron (n-channel) or holes (p-
channel)
 First five: RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL and I2L use bipolar
transistor.
 Last Two: MOS and CMOS employ a type of unipolar
transistor. Also called MOSFET
CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC GATES IN IC
 Fan Out: Specifies the number of standard load
that the output of the gate can drive without
impairment of its normal operation.
 Power Dissipation: Power consumed by the gate,
must available from power supply
 Propagation Delay: Average transition delay time
for the signal to propagate from input to output
 Noise Margin: limit of a noise voltage which may
be present without impairing the proper operation of
the circuit.
BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS
RTL BASIC NOR GATE
 Any input is high,
corresponding transistor is
driven in to saturation
causes to output voltage to
low regardless of other
input.

 If all input is low at 0.2 v


then all transistors are
cutoff because VBE < 0.6 V.
Output of circuit will be
high approaching the
supply voltage VCC
DTL BASIC NAND GATE

 If any input of gate is low at 0.2 V


the corresponding diode conducts
current through VCC and 5k R.
voltage at P is equal to input
voltage of 0.2 V + diode drop of 0.7
V = 0.9 V.
 In order to start transistor, P must
overcome VBE drop of Q1 + diode
drops of D1 and D2, or 3 * 0.6 = 1.8
V.
 If all inputs are high, transistor is in saturation region.
Voltage at P now equal to VBE + drops at two diode D1 and D2
= 3 * 0.7= 2.1V
 All input are 5V and Vp is 2.1 V the input diodes are reverse
biased and off.
 With the transistor saturated, the output drops to Vce of 0.2 V

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