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Database Normalization Guide: UNF to 3NF

The document outlines the process of database normalization from Unnormalized Form (UNF) to Third Normal Form (3NF). It details the steps involved in achieving First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and 3NF, addressing issues such as redundancy and dependencies. A summary of problems encountered and resolved during the normalization process is also provided.

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Swagat Das
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52 views3 pages

Database Normalization Guide: UNF to 3NF

The document outlines the process of database normalization from Unnormalized Form (UNF) to Third Normal Form (3NF). It details the steps involved in achieving First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and 3NF, addressing issues such as redundancy and dependencies. A summary of problems encountered and resolved during the normalization process is also provided.

Uploaded by

Swagat Das
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Database Normalization: From UNF to 3NF

Unnormalized Table (UNF)

CourseId CourseName StudentId StudentName YearOfStudy Hours_Spent

C101 Database Management


S101System Williams 1 60

S201 Christina 2 30

S202 Michael 2 40

C102 Advanced DB S101 Williams 1 45

S301 Alex 3 60

First Normal Form (1NF)

- Eliminate repeating groups and ensure atomicity.

- Problems in 1NF:

* Redundancy

* Update/Insertion/Deletion anomalies

CourseId CourseName StudentId StudentName YearOfStudy Hours_Spent

C101 Database Management


S101System Williams 1 60

C101 Database Management


S201System Christina 2 30

C101 Database Management


S202System Michael 2 40

C102 Advanced DB S101 Williams 1 45

C102 Advanced DB S301 Alex 3 60

Second Normal Form (2NF)

- Must be in 1NF and have no partial dependencies.

- Decomposition based on functional dependencies:

FD1: CourseId -> CourseName

FD2: StudentId -> StudentName, YearOfStudy

FD3: (CourseId, StudentId) -> Hours_Spent

Course Table
Database Normalization: From UNF to 3NF

CourseId CourseName

C101 Database Management System

C102 Advanced DB

Student Table

StudentId StudentName YearOfStudy

S101 Williams 1

S201 Christina 2

S202 Michael 2

S301 Alex 3

Enrollment Table

CourseId StudentId Hours_Spent

C101 S101 60

C101 S201 30

C101 S202 40

C102 S101 45

C102 S301 60

Third Normal Form (3NF)

- Must be in 2NF and have no transitive dependencies.

- All non-prime attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key.

- Already satisfied in the current decomposition.

Functional Dependencies Summary

FD1: CourseId -> CourseName

FD2: StudentId -> StudentName, YearOfStudy

FD3: (CourseId, StudentId) -> Hours_Spent


Database Normalization: From UNF to 3NF

Summary of Problems Solved

Problem Type Encountered In Resolved In Explanation

Repeating groups UNF 1NF Flattened rows

Partial dependencies 1NF 2NF Decomposed into Course and Student

Transitive dependencies 2NF 3NF No indirect dependencies remain

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