Jefferis_CT_Chapter 06.

QXP 12/5/09 2:20 PM Page 1

CHAPTER 6
Architectural Lines
and Lettering

TEST

Directions: Answer the following questions with short, complete statements or drawings as needed on
an 8 1/2" ⫻ 11" sheet of notebook paper, or complete the electronic chapter test on the Student CD.
1. Letter your name, Chapter 6 Test, and the date at the top of the sheet.
2. Letter the question number and provide the answer. You do not need to write the question.
Answers can be prepared on a word processor if approved by your course guidelines.

Question 6–1 Is there any recommended variation in line darkness, or are all properly drawn lines the same darkness?
Question 6–2 What are construction lines used for, and how should they be drawn?
Question 6–3 Discuss line uniformity and line contrast.
Question 6–4 Define guidelines.
Question 6–5 What is the recommended thickness of outlines?
Question 6–6 Identify two items that dashed lines represent on a drawing.
Question 6–7 Describe a situation in which an extension line is also the center line of a feature.
Question 6–8 Extension lines are thin lines that are used for what purpose?
Question 6–9 Where should extension lines begin relative to the object and end relative to the last dimension line?
Question 6–10 Describe leaders.
Question 6–11 Describe and show an example of three methods used to terminate dimension lines at extension lines.
Question 6–12 How does architectural line work differ from mechanical drafting line work?
Question 6–13 What is the advantage of drawing certain outlines thicker than other lines?
Question 6–14 If all lines on a drawing are the same thickness, how can walls and partitions, for example, be represented
so they stand out clearly on a floor plan?
Question 6–15 Describe the proper technique to use for drawing lines with a technical pen. Refer to the Student CD: LINE
TECHNIQUES.
Question 6–16 Describe proper architectural lettering.
Question 6–17 What are the minimum recommended lettering heights?
Question 6–18 How should letters within words be spaced?
Question 6–19 What is the recommended space between words in a note?
Question 6–20 What is the recommended horizontal space between horizontal lines of lettering?
Question 6–21 When should guidelines be used for lettering on a drawing?
Question 6–22 Why are guidelines necessary for freehand lettering?

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Jefferis_CT_Chapter [Link] 12/3/09 10:35 AM Page 2

2 I Architectural Drafting and Design Chapter Test

Question 6–23 Describe the recommended leads and points used in mechanical and automatic pencils for freehand
lettering.
Question 6–24 Identify a method to help avoid smudging a drawing when lettering. Refer to the Student CD: LINE TECH-
NIQUES.
Question 6–25 For lettering fractions, what is the recommended relationship of the fraction division line to the whole num-
bers on the same line?
Question 6–26 List two manual methods that can be used to make guidelines rapidly. Refer to the Student CD: HINTS FOR
PROFESSIONAL LETTERING.
Question 6–27 Why should the mechanical lettering template be placed along a straightedge when lettering? Refer to the
Student CD: HINTS FOR PROFESSIONAL LETTERING.
Question 6–28 Identify an advantage of using lettering guides. Refer to the Student CD: HINTS FOR PROFESSIONAL LET-
TERING.
Question 6–29 Describe a use of lettering machines. Refer to the Student CD: HINTS FOR PROFESSIONAL LETTERING.
Question 6–30 List four uses of transfer materials. Refer to the Student CD: HINTS FOR PROFESSIONAL LETTERING.
Question 6–31 The Cartesian coordinate system is also called what?
Question 6–32 What is the basis of the Cartesian coordinate system?
Question 6–33 Where is the origin found in the Cartesian coordinate system?
Question 6–34 How are points in the absolute coordinate system located relative to the origin?
Question 6–35 How is an absolute coordinate specified that is 4 units on the x axis and 3 units on the y axis?
Question 6–36 Describe how relative coordinate points are located.
Question 6–37 If the first point is located at 2,2, then how do you specify the next point, using relative coordinates, if it is
to be 2 units directly above the first point?
Question 6–38 Describe how polar coordinate points are located.
Question 6–39 If the first point is located at 2,2, how do you specify the next point, using polar coordinates, if it is to be 2
units directly above the first point?
Question 6–40 Explain how a CADD system might have commands and options that allow you to pick points accurately
with the cursor.
Question 6–41 What is the function of the coordinate display on a CADD system?
Question 6–42 Define font.
Question 6–43 Define annotation.
Question 6–44 What does the term default mean when applied to CADD?
Question 6–45 Explain the function of a template drawing.
Question 6–46 What is another name for a template?
Question 6–47 Discuss the purpose of drawing scale factors related to text height.
Question 6–48 What drawing scale factor should be used if you want text 1/8" (3 mm) high on a drawing with a 1/4" ⫽
1'–0" scale? Show your calculations.
Question 6–49 Give at least three advantages of doing lettering with a CADD system.
Question 6–50 Explain how it might be possible to have CADD text that looks like high-quality architectural freehand let-
tering.

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Jefferis_CT_Chapter [Link] 12/3/09 10:35 AM Page 3

CHAPTER 6 Architectural Lines and Lettering I 3

PROBLEMS

Directions:
1. Read all instructions carefully before you begin.
2. Use an 8 1/2" ⫻ 11" vellum or bond paper drawing sheet for each drawing or lettering
exercise.
3. Use the architect’s scale of 1/4" ⫽ 1'–0" for each drawing.
4. Draw the floor plan described in Problem 6–1 twice. On the first drawing, use thick lines
for the walls and thin lines for extension, dimension, and symbol lines. On the second
drawing, make all lines the same thickness. Each drawing represents a line thickness
technique discussed in this chapter.
5. Use guidelines for all lettering. Using architectural lettering, letter the title FLOOR PLAN;
center it below the drawing in 1/4"-high letters. In 1/8"-high letters and centered below
the title, letter the following: SCALE: 1/4" ⫽ 1'–0". Letter your name and all other notes
and dimensions using 1/8"-high architectural lettering.
6. Lightly lay out the drawing using construction lines. When you are satisfied with the
layout, darken all lines.
7. For the lettering exercise, use 1/8" guidelines with 1/8" space between the lines.
8. Leave a 3/4"-minimum margin around the lettering exercise sheet.
9. Make a diazo print or photocopy of your original drawings or lettering exercise sheet as
specified by your instructor.
10. Submit your copies and originals for evaluation and grading, unless otherwise specified
by your instructor.
11. Problems can be completed manually or with CADD, or both, depending on your
specific course objectives and instructions. Confirm this with your instructor.

Problem 6–1 Lines and lettering. Given the following information, draw the garage floor plan:
1. Overall dimensions are 24'–0" ⫻ 24'–0". Dimensions are measured to the outside of
walls.
2. Make all walls 4" thick.
3. Center a 16'–0"-wide garage door in the front wall.
4. Using dashed lines, draw a 4 ⫻ 12 header over the garage door and label it 4 ⫻ 12
HEADER with a leader from the note and pointing to the header.
5. Label the garage floor 4" CONC OVER 4" GRAVEL FILL. Use a leader.

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Jefferis_CT_Chapter [Link] 12/3/09 10:35 AM Page 4

4 I Architectural Drafting and Design Chapter Test

Problem 6–2 Lettering practice. Using uppercase architectural lettering with proper guidelines, letter the following state-
ment as instructed:
YOUR NAME
MOST ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS THAT ARE NOT MADE WITH CADD EQUIPMENT ARE LETTERED USING VER-
TICAL FREEHAND LETTERING. THE QUALITY OF THE FREEHAND LETTERING GREATLY AFFECTS THE APPEAR-
ANCE OF THE ENTIRE DRAWING. MANY ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTERS LETTER WITH PENCIL ON VELLUM OR
POLYESTER LEAD ON POLYESTER FILM. LETTERING IS COMMONLY DONE WITH A SOFT, SLIGHTLY ROUNDED
LEAD IN A MECHANICAL PENCIL OR A 0.5-MILLIMETER LEAD IN AN AUTOMATIC PENCIL. LETTERS ARE MADE
BETWEEN VERY LIGHTLY DRAWN GUIDELINES. GUIDELINES ARE PARALLEL AND SPACED AT A DISTANCE EQUAL
TO THE HEIGHT OF THE LETTERS. GUIDELINES ARE REQUIRED TO HELP KEEP ALL LETTERS THE SAME UNI-
FORM HEIGHT. THE SPACE BETWEEN LINES OF LETTERING MAY BE BETWEEN HALF TO EQUAL THE HEIGHT OF
THE LETTERS. ALWAYS USE GUIDELINES WHEN LETTERING FREEHAND. LEARN TO RELAX SO THAT THE
STROKES FOR EACH LETTER FLOW SMOOTHLY. WHEN YOUR HAND BECOMES TIRED, REST FOR A WHILE
BEFORE BEGINNING AGAIN.
Problem 6–3 Given the partial floor plan shown for this problem, identify the line types labeled A through K.

54'-0"
34'-0"
8'-0" 15'-6" 11'-0" 7'-6"
3'-0" 11'-9" 3'-9"

B C
A

REFR
PLUMBING STACK

D
F
MICRO OVER

E
RANGE W/

G H

9'-6" 1'-10" 5'-4" 3'-6" 7'-8" 6'-2"

I
3'-8"
R&S

4x8 4x8
(2

6"
)2
X
3'-4"
10
2'-4"

(2) 2 X 10
UPPER FLR OVER

CONC. FILLED R&S

HARD POST
J
14
"
-8

1'-3"
6X8

3'

8
R
4'-2"

X
4

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