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NumPy & Data Visualization Guide

The document provides an overview of NumPy, a library for numerical computations in Python, detailing its advantages, core data structure (ndarray), and operations including slicing and broadcasting. It also covers data visualization using Matplotlib, highlighting the creation of various plots and the integration with Pandas for enhanced plotting capabilities. Together, NumPy, Matplotlib, and Pandas form a fundamental toolkit for scientific computing and data analysis in Python.

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tirthankar.sardar.cseds.2022
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11 views4 pages

NumPy & Data Visualization Guide

The document provides an overview of NumPy, a library for numerical computations in Python, detailing its advantages, core data structure (ndarray), and operations including slicing and broadcasting. It also covers data visualization using Matplotlib, highlighting the creation of various plots and the integration with Pandas for enhanced plotting capabilities. Together, NumPy, Matplotlib, and Pandas form a fundamental toolkit for scientific computing and data analysis in Python.

Uploaded by

tirthankar.sardar.cseds.2022
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Python NumPy & Data Visualization Study Material

1. Introduction to NumPy

NumPy (Numerical Python) is a powerful library for numerical computations. It provides support for
n-dimensional arrays (ndarray),

vectorized operations, broadcasting, mathematical functions, and integrates well with scientific libraries.

Advantages of NumPy

• Fast execution due to C-based backend.

• Efficient memory usage via contiguous blocks.

• Vectorized operations eliminate Python loops.

• Supports complex mathematical, logical, and statistical operations.

2. ndarray (N-dimensional Array)

An ndarray is the core data structure of NumPy. It is a homogeneous, multidimensional array.

Creating ndarrays

You can create ndarrays using Python lists or NumPy functions:

• [Link]()

• [Link]()

• [Link]()
• [Link]()

• [Link]()

• [Link]()

3. Slicing ndarrays

NumPy supports slicing similar to Python lists, but more powerful:

• arr[start:end]

• arr[::-1] (reverse)

• For 2D: arr[rows, columns]

4. ndarray Operations

NumPy supports vectorized operations:

• Arithmetic operations: +, -, *, /

• Aggregate functions: mean(), sum(), std(), max()

• Matrix multiplication: dot(), matmul()

5. Broadcasting

Broadcasting allows operations between arrays of different shapes by expanding the smaller array
automatically.

Example:
Array + Scalar, Matrix + Row Vector.

6. Data Visualization in Python

Matplotlib is a fundamental plotting library in Python. It allows the creation of static, animated, and
interactive plots.

Plotting with Matplotlib

Basic steps:

1. import [Link] as plt

2. Create data

3. Call [Link](), [Link](), [Link](), etc.

4. Display using [Link]()

7. Univariate Graphs

Univariate means one variable.

• Histogram → distribution

• Boxplot → spread and outliers

• Line plot → trends

8. Bivariate Graphs

Bivariate means two variables.


• Scatter plot → relationship

• Line plot → x-y functions

• Bar chart → category vs value

9. Plotting Using Pandas

Pandas integrates with Matplotlib. DataFrame and Series objects have built-in plot() methods.

10. Improving Plot Aesthetics

• Add titles, labels, grid

• Increase figure size

• Use styles (e.g., seaborn)

• Add markers and linewidth

Conclusion

NumPy provides the foundation for numerical computing, while Matplotlib and Pandas offer powerful
visualization tools. Together, they form the essential stack for scientific computing, machine learning,
and data analysis in Python.

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