DC Motor Speed Calculations and Analysis
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ScribdTranslationsDC Motor Speed Calculations and Analysis
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ScribdTranslationsProblems chapter 8
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
CD Systems
Osciel Sánchez Pacheco
Electrical Engineer
8.1
%8.1
%Data
Pnom=30;
Vt=240;
nnom=1800;
RA=0.19;
RS=0.02;
ILnom=110;
Nf=2700;
Nse=14;
Rf=75;
%Resistance=100-400 ohms
%8.1
Exercise 8.1
%date
Rajus1=175;
When there are no load conditions EA=VT
the current is given by
If1 = (Vt) / (Rajus1 + Rf);
% of the graph P8-1, with that current the voltage EAo
it is from 241V to a
% speed 1800r/min, therefore the speed at 240
In it:
n1=(Vt/241)*nnom;
The rotation speed of the motor when not loaded
num2str(n1)]);
Results
The no-load motor speed is: 1792.5311 rpm
8.2
%8.2
Exercise 8.2
the full load armature current is
IA1=ILnom-(Vt/(Rajus1+Rf));
the internal voltage generated is
EA1=Vt-(IA1*RA);
Since the field current is the same, EAo is 241
At a speed of
%1800r/min therefore the speed at full load is
n2=(EA1/241)*nnom;
%and the speed regulation is
SR1=((n1-n2)/n2)*100;
The motor's rotation speed at full
load is: 'num2str(n2)]);
The motor speed regulation is:
num2str(SR1)]);
Results
The rotation speed of the motor at full load is: 1637.7939 rpm
The motor speed regulation is: 9.4479 rpm
8.3
%8.3
Exercise 8.3
%date
Rajus2=250;
The new field current is:
If2 = Vt / (Rajus2 + Rf);
As the engine continues at full load, EA remains
219.3 and with the new
field current EAo=210 V at a speed of
1800r/min therefore the
%speed when increasing the adjustable resistance is:
n3=(EA1/210)*nnom;
The new rotation speed of the motor is:
num2str(n3)]);
Resultados
The new rotation speed of the motor is: 1879.5634 rpm
8.4
%8.4
Exercise 8.4
%date
AR1=2000;
the field current is 0.96 A, and the motor is in
loading conditions.
But since there is an induced reaction, the current of
effective field is.
If3 = If1 - (AR1 / Nf);
%with the new field current we deduce that
EAo=185V at a speed of
at 1800r/min the EA under these conditions is the same as
in 8.2 then the
speed with a voltage of 240 V is:
n4 = (EA1/185) * nnom;
The rotation speed of the motor is:
num2str(n4)]);
if they are in the same conditions
the speed of the motor with induced reaction is greater
that the one who has no reaction
Results
The rotational speed of the motor is: 2133.5585 rpm
If they are under the same conditions, the speed of the motor with
the induced reaction is greater than the one that has no reaction
8.5
%8.5
Exercise 8.5
%data
Rajusmin=100;
Rajusmax=400;
The field current when Rajus=100 is:
Ifmin=Vt/(Rajusmin+Rf);
With the field current we can deduce that the
EAo voltage = 271 V at a
speed of 1800r/min. The speed with a voltage
from 240V is
nmin=(Vt/271)*1800;
The field current when Rajus=400 is:
Ifmax = Vt / (Rajusmax + Rf);
with the field current we can deduce that the
voltage EAo=167 V to a
speed of 1800r/min. The speed with a voltage
of 240V is
nmax=(Vt/167)*1800;
The minimum speed of the motor rotation to
full load is: 'num2str(nmin)]);
the maximum rotational speed of the engine at
full load is: 'num2str(nmax)]);
minimum EAo
EAo maximum
Results
The minimum rotational speed of the motor at full load is: 1594.0959 rpm
The maximum rotation speed of the motor at full load is: 2586.8263 rpm
8.6
%8.6
Exercise 8.6
the starting current of this machine is:
ILini=Vt/RA;
The starting current of the machine is:
num2str(ILini)]);
disp ([' As the field current at full load is
110 and the starting current is 11 times greater, it is
It is possible that this current damages the engine.
Results
The starting current of the machine is: 1263.1579 A
As the field current at full load is 110 and the starting current is 11
If the current is too high, it is possible that this current will damage the motor.
8.8
%8.8
Exercise 8.8
%data
VAa=120;
VAb=180;
VAc=240;
when there are no load conditions, EA=VA, by
what the current
%field is given by:
If3 = (Vt) / (Rajus1 + Rf);
With the field current, we can deduce that the
voltage EAo=241 V at a
speed of 1800 r/min. The speed with a voltage
of 240V is
%a
%for VA=120=EA and the speed is:
na=(VAa/241)*1800;
%b
%para VA=180=EA and the speed is:
nb=(VAb/241)*1800;
%c
%para VA=240=EA and the speed is:
nc=(VAc/241)*1800;
a)
The rotation speed of the motor is:
num2str(na)]);
disp ([' b) ' ]);
The rotation speed of the motor is:
num2str(nb)]);
disp ([' c) ' ]);
The rotation speed of the motor is:
num2str(nc)]);
Results
a)
The rotation speed of the motor is: 896.2656 rpm
b)
The rotation speed of the motor is: 1344.3983 rpm
c)
The rotation speed of the motor is: 1792.5311 rpm
8.9
%8.9
Exercise 8.9
%a
The current when the Rajus=400 is:
Ifmax=Vt/(Rajusmax+Rf);
With the field current we can deduce that the
EAo voltage = 167 V at a
speed of 1800 r/min. The speed with a voltage
of 240V is
nmax=(Vt/167)*1800;
The field current when Rajus=100 is:
Ifmin=Vt/(Rajusmin+Rf);
With the field current, we can deduce that the
EAo voltage = 271 V at a
Speed of 1800 r/min. The speed with a voltage
of 240V is
nmin=(Vt/271)*1800;
disp ([' a) ' ]);
The maximum rotation speed of the motor at
full load is: 'num2str(nmax)]);
b)
the minimum rotation speed of the motor at
full load is: 'num2str(nmin)]);
EAo Maximum
Minimum EAo
Results
a)
The maximum rotational speed of the motor at full load is: 2586.8263 rpm
b)
The minimum speed of the motor at full load is: 1594.0959 rpm
8.11
%8.11
Exercise 8.11
%Data
Vt1=240;
Radj1=250;
Rf1=75;
Il1=110;
Ras1=0.21;
Nse1=14;
Nf1=2700;
Eao1=268;
no1=1200;
%Procedure
If1=(Vt1)/(Radj1+Rf1);%The field current is
given by
Ia1 = Il1 - If1; % The armature current
Ea1=Vt1-(Ia1*Ras1);%Generated internal voltage
If12 = If1 + [(Nse1/Nf1) * Ia1]; %The field current
equivalent
n1=(Ea1/Eao1)*no1;%Speed of 268 V
The new speed compared to the
full load speed that was calculated in the problem
8-10 is: 'num2str(n1)]);
Results
The new speed compared to the speed at full load that is
The calculation in problem 8-10 is: 971.8884 rpm
8.12
%8.12
Exercise 8.12
%data
Vt2=240;
Radj2=175;
Rf2=75;
Ia2=20;
Ia21=40;
Ia22=60;
Ras2=0.21;
Nse2=14;
Nf2=2700;
Ea2=240;
Eao2=241;
Eao21=229;
Eao22=214;
Eao23=196;
no2=1200;
If2 = (Vt2) / (Radj2 + Rf2) % Calculation of field current
n2=(Ea2/Eao2)*no2% The speed n with a voltage of
240 V would be
Ea22=Vt2-(Ia2*Ras2)%A 20 A The internal voltage
generated
If22 = If2 + [(Nse2/Nf2) * Ia2] % Field current
equivalent
n21=(Ea22/Eao21)*no2;% The speed n with a voltage
from 241 V
Ea221=Vt2-(Ia21*Ras2); %A 40 A, the generated voltage
internal
If21 = If2 - (Nse2/Nf2) * Ia21; % The field current
equivalent
n22=(Ea221/Eao22)*no2;% The speed n with a voltage
of 229 V
Ea222=Vt2-(Ia22*Ras2);%A 60 A, the generated voltage
internal
If221 = If2 - (Nse2/Nf2) * Ia22; % The field current
equivalent
n221=(Ea222/Eao23)*no2;% The speed n with a voltage
of 196 V
loadp81_mag.dat
if_values = p81_mag(:,1);
ea_values = p81_mag(:,2);
n_0 = 1200;
First, initialize the values needed in this program.
v_t = 240;% Terminal voltage (V)
r_f = 75;% Field resistance (ohms)
r_adj = 175;% Adjustable resistance (ohms)
r_a = 0.21;% Armature + series resistance (ohms)
i_l = 0:1:110;% Line currents (A)
n_f = 2700;% Number of turns on
n_se = 14; // Number of turns on series field
i_a = i_l - v_t / (r_f + r_adj);
e_a = v_t - i_a * r_a;
i_f = v_t / (r_f + r_adj) - (n_se / n_f) * i_a;
e_a0 = interp1(if_values, ea_values, i_f);
n = ( e_a / e_a0 ) * n_0;
t_ind = e_a .* i_a ./ (n * 2 * pi / 60);
figure(1);
plot(t_ind,n,'b-','LineWidth',2.0);
xlabel('\bf\tau_{ind} (N-m)');
ylabel('\bf\itn_{m} \rm\bf(r/min)');
title ('\bfDifferentially-Compounded DC Motor Torque-
Speed Characteristic
axis([0 250 800 1600]);
gridon
disp (['a) If Rajus = 175 V, what is the speed in
engine empty? Answer: 'num2str(n2)]);
b) What are the motor speeds when
the current of the induced reaches:
disp (['b) 20A Response: 'num2str(n21)]);
b) 40A Response:
b) 60A Response:
a)
b)
20 A
40 A
60 A
Results
If2 =0.9600 A
n2 = 1.1950e+03 rpm
Ea22 =235.8000 V
If22 = 1.0637 A
a) Si Rajus = 175 V, ¿cuál es la velocidad en vacío del motor? Respuesta:
1195.0207 rpm
b) What are the speeds of the motor when the armature current reaches
a:
b) 20A Respuesta:1235.6332 rpm
b) 40A Respuesta:1298.6916 rpm
b) 60A Respuesta:1392.2449 rpm
Common questions
Powered by AIThe speed under varying armature currents is calculated using adjusted field current and internal voltage variables. For example, with Ia2=20 A, the internal voltage Ea22=235.8 V is calculated, leading to a speed of n21=(Ea22/Eao21)*1200. With increasing currents (40 A, 60 A), internal voltages decrease, calculated speeds rise as 1235.6332 rpm and 1392.2449 rpm respectively, showing declining internal voltages correspond to core velocity increases .
The speed of a DC motor can be calculated using the formula n=(Ea/Eao)*n_nom, where Ea is the generated armature voltage at load, Eao the no-load voltage, and n_nom the nominal speed. Given data such as armature current and resistances facilitate calculations, showing how operational parameters impact speed. This relationship highlights voltage-current interplay, providing key insights into DC motor design and adjustment potential .
Motor speed is inversely related to field resistance due to its impact on field current. Lower resistance results in higher field current and thus a higher internal ems or smaller EAo, increasing speed, while maximum resistance decreases current and EAo, lowering speed. The document contrasts maximum speed at Rajusmin=100 ohms (EAo=271 V, speed=2586.8263 rpm) with minimum speed at Rajusmax=400 ohms (EAo=167 V, speed=1594.0959 rpm), illustrating this effect dramatically .
Increasing the adjustable resistance decreases the field current, which subsequently increases the motor speed under full-load conditions. For example, at an increased resistance of 250 ohms, the field current decreases, leading to a higher rotation speed of 1879.5634 rpm, compared to the full-load conditions without increased resistance .
The rotational speed of a motor under no-load conditions is calculated by the formula: n1=(Vt/EAo)*nnom, where Vt is the terminal voltage, EAo is the open-circuit armature voltage, and nnom is the nominal speed. Using this relationship allows adjustments for speed based on the actual terminal voltage in comparison to nominal device settings .
Field current changes directly affect the internal voltage (EAo) of a motor. For instance, using different resistances, like Rajus1 and Rajus2, the field current is inversely proportional to resistance, which means lower resistance results in higher field current, thereby increasing the EAo. At Rajus1=175 ohms, the field current produces an EAo of 241 V, while increasing Rajus to 250 ohms reduces EAo to 210 V. This change exemplifies the direct relationship between field currents decreasing and internal voltages also decreasing under these settings .
Motor speed regulation is determined by the difference between no-load speed and full-load speed, normalized by the full-load speed. From the source, the no-load speed of the motor is 1792.5311 rpm, and the full-load speed is 1637.7939 rpm. The speed regulation is calculated as SR1=((n1-n2)/n2)*100, resulting in a speed regulation of 9.4479%. Factors contributing to speed regulation include the internal voltage changes and resistance variations between these conditions .
Starting current has a significant impact on motor operation and safety, as it is substantially higher than the rated field current and can potentially damage the motor. The example in the document shows a starting current of 1263.1579 A, more than 11 times the full-load field current of 110 A, indicating that such high currents can lead to overheating or stress on motor components, necessitating safeguards such as soft start mechanisms to mitigate risks and ensure safety .
Induced reactions increase the effective field strength in a motor, which can lead to a higher rotational speed under load conditions. In the document, when an induced reaction is introduced, it results in a rotational speed of 2133.5585 rpm, compared to a lower speed without the reaction. This suggests that the reaction compensates for losses, improving speed performance beyond expected values without such induced conditions .
Field adjustment, achieved by manipulating external resistances, primarily alters motor speed and efficiency. By increasing resistance, field current decreases, affecting magnetic flux and internal voltages, bringing efficiency variances. For example, adjusting Rajus to 250 ohms increases speed to 2133.5585 rpm, demonstrating how motor output characteristics can be tailored for specific operational requirements through resistance adjustments .