API SPEC*l,bD 93 m 0732290 0504220 882 m

Specification for
Control Systems
for Drilling Well
Control Equipment

API SPECIFICATION 16D (SPEC 16D)

FIRST EDITION, MARCH 1, 1993

American Petroleum Institute

1220 L Street, Northwest

rp
Washington, DC 20005

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 Issued by
AMER,ICANPETROLEXJMINSTITUTE
Production Department

FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING TECHNICAL CONTENT OF

THIS PUBLICATION CONTACT THE API PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT,
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Users ofthis publication should become familiar with scope

its
and content, including any provisions
it may have regarding marking of
manufactured products. This document is intended to supplement rather
than replace individual engineering judgment.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION

[Link]. PATENT OFFICE

Copyright Q 1993 American Petroleum Institute

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 A P I SPECxLbD 9 3 0732290 0504222
655 W

2 American Petroleum Institute

TABI;E OF CONTENTS
Page
POLICY .................................................................................................................................... 6
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................ 7
SECTION 1 SCOPE
1.1 Control Systems for Surface Mounted BOP Stacks ........................................................ 8
1.2 Hydraulic Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks ....................................................... 8
1.3 Electro-HydraulidMultiplexControl Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks .......................... 8
1.4 Dirverter Control Systems .............................................................................................. 8
1.5 Emergency Backup BOP Control Systems ..................................................................... 8
1.6 Auxiliary Equipment Control Systems and Interfaces ................................................... 8
SECTION 2 DESIGN
2.1 Design Review ................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Service Conditions ...................................................................................................... 9
2.1.2 Design Documentation Requirements ........................................................................ 9
2.2 Equipment Specifications ................................................................................................ 9
2.2.1 Control Systems for Surface Mounted BOP Stacks ................................................. 10
[Link] ResponseTime ................................................................................................... 10
[Link] Hydraulic Fluid and Storage Equipment .......................................................... 10
[Link] Pump Requirements .......................................................................................... 10
[Link] Accumulator Bottles and Manifolds .................................................................. 10
[Link] Accumulator Volumetric Requirements ............................................................. 10
[Link] Hydraulic Control Manifold ............................................................................... 11
[Link].1 Hydraulic Control Manifold Annular BOP Circuit ........................................ 11
[Link].2 Hydraulic Manifold Circuit for Common Pressure Functions ....................... 11
[Link] Remote Control Panels ...................................................................................... 11
[Link] Electrical Power Supplies .................................................................................. 11
2.2.2 Hydraulic Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks ................................................ 11
[Link] ResponseTime ................................................................................................... 11
[Link] Mixing and Storage Equipment ........................................................................ 11
[Link] PumpSystems ................................................................................................... 12
[Link] Accumulators and Manifolds ............................................................................. 12
[Link] Calculated Accumulator Volumetric Capacity Requirements ........................... 12
[Link] Control Manifold ................................................................................................ 12
[Link] Hydraulic Manifold Electric Remote Panel Interfaces ...................................... 13
[Link].1Driller's Panel ................................................................................................ 13
[Link].2 Secondary Remote or Tool Pusher's Panel .................................................... 14
[Link].3Electric Power Supplies .................................................................................. 14
[Link] Hose Reels ......................................................................................................... 14
[Link] HoseReelManifold ........................................................................................... 14
[Link] Subsea Control Pods .......................................................................................... 14
2.2.3 Electro Hydraulic and Multiplex Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks ........... 15
[Link] Electrical Control Unit ...................................................................................... 15
[Link] Electrical Cables ................................................................................................ 15
[Link] Cable Reels ........................................................................................................ 15
[Link] Subsea Control PoddManifolds and Electrical Equipment ............................... 15
[Link] Subsea Electrical Equipment ............................................................................ 15

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 A P I SPEC*LbD 9 3 m 0732290 0504223 591, m

-~~ ._ = " . Spec

16D1Control
". ~

. _for Drilling Well Control

.Systems Equipment . ~~ .__

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Page
2.2.4 Diverter Control Systems ......................................................................................... 16
[Link] ResponseTime .................................................................................................. 16
[Link] StorageEquipment ........................................................................................... 16
[Link] Pump Requirements .......................................................................................... 16
[Link] Accumulator Volumetric Capacity .................................................................... 16
[Link] Diverter Control Manifold ................................................................................ 16
[Link] Control Panels ................................................................................................... 16
2.2.5 Manufacturing Documentation ................................................................................ 16
SECTION 3 INDMDUAI, SYSTEM DESIGN VERIFICATION ......................................... 17
3.1 Documentation ............................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1 Test Procedures ........................................................................................................ 17
3.1.2 Certifications............................................................................................................. 17
[Link] Hydrostatic Test Certificates ............................................................................. 17
[Link] Hazardous AreaIElectrical Certificate ............................................................... 17
[Link] Accumulator Certificates ................................................................................... 17
[Link] ReliefValve certificates .................................................................................... 17
[Link] Certificate of Compliance ................................................................................... 17
3.2 Control System Qualification Test ................................................................................ 17
SECTION 4 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 19
4.1 Pressure Containing Components ................................................................................. 19
4.2 Fabrication Materials .................................................................................................... 19
4.2.1 Structural Steel ........................................................................................................ 19
4.2.2 Steel Groups ............................................................................................................. 19
4.2.3 Structural Shape and PlateSpecifications............................................................... 19
4.3 Commodity Items .......................................................................................................... 19
4.3.1 Pressure Containing Components ............................................................................ 19
[Link] Pressure Vessels General .................................................................................. 19
[Link].1Accumulators .................................................................................................. 19
[Link].2Non-Pressure Compensated Vessels ............................................................... 19
[Link].3Nitrogen Cylinders ......................................................................................... 19
[Link] Pipe Tubing and Connections ........................................................................... 20
[Link].1 Hoses and Connections .................................................................................. 20
[Link].2Flame Tests .................................................................................................... 20
[Link].3 Threaded and Welded Connections................................................................ 20
[Link] Non-ASME Coded Hydraulic Control System Components .............................. 20
4.3.2 Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Installations ........................................... 20
4.3.3 Mechanical Equipment ............................................................................................. 21
4.3.4 Fluids and Lubricants .............................................................................................. 21
4.3.5 Cathodic Protection and Painting ............................................................................ 21
[Link] Cathodic Protection ........................................................................................... 21
[Link] Painting ............................................................................................................. 21
SECTION 5 WELDING REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 22
5.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 22
5.2 Weldment Design and Configuration ............................................................................ 22

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 API S P E C * l b D 9 3 m 0732290 0504224 4 2 8

4 Inetitute Petroleum American

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Page
5.2.1 Pressure Containing Fabrication Weldments .........................................................
22
5.2.2 Load Bearing Weldments .......................................................................................
22
5.2.3 Weld Repairs .......................................................................................................... 22
5.2.4 Weld Surfacing (Overlay) .......................................................................................
22
5.3 Welding Controls ......................................................................................................... 22
5.4 Design of Welds ........................................................................................................... 22
5.5 Preheating .................................................................................................................... 22
5.6 Instrument Calibraton .................................................................................................
22
5.7 Welding Consumables .................................................................................................. 22
5.8 Post Weld Heat Treatment .......................................................................................... 22
5.9 Welding Procedure and Performance Qualifications................................................... 22
5.9.1 Base Materials ........................................................................................................ 22
5.9.2 Heat Treatment Condition ..................................................................................... 23
5.9.3 Procedure Qualification Record .............................................................................. 23
5.10 Other Requirements ....................................................................................................
23
5.10.1 Impact Testing ........................................................................................................ 23
5.10.2 ASME Section M Article II ....................................................................................
23
5.10.3 ASME Section M Article III .................................................................................. 23
5.10.4ASME Section M Article IV ...................................................................................
23
SECTION 6 QUALITY CONTROL ....................................................................................... 24
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 24
6.1.1 Measurement and Testing Equipment..................................................................... 24
6.1.2 Personnel Qualifications ...........................................................................................
24
6.1.3 Quality Control Requirements ................................................................................. 24
[Link] OrganizationRocedures .................................................................................... 24
[Link] Quality Engineering .......................................................................................... 24
[Link] In-process Inspection .........................................................................................
24
[Link] Factory Testing ..................................................................................................
24
[Link] Receiving Inspection .......................................................................................... 24
[Link] Shipping Inspection ........................................................................................... 24
[Link] Vendor Surverys-Critical Components ..............................................................
24
[Link] Reporting ........................................................................................................... 24
6.2 Quality Control Records ................................................................................................ 25
6.2.1 Records Maintained by Manufacturer .................................................................... 25
6.3 Type Certification .......................................................................................................... 25
SECTION 7 MARKING ........................................................................................................ 26
7.1 Temporary Marking ......................................................................................................
26
7.2 Permanent Marking ......................................................................................................
26
7.3 Traceability Marking Methods ......................................................................................
26
7.4 Manufacturers Indentification Markings ...................................................................... 26
7.5 Equipment Name Plate Data ........................................................................................
26
7.6 Other Markings .............................................................................................................
26
SECTION 8 STORING AND SHIPPING ............................................................................. 27
8.1 Protection and Preservation .......................................................................................... 27
8.2 Packing .......................................................................................................................... 27
8.3 Identifkaiton .................................................................................................................. 27
8.4 Installation, Operation and Maintenance Documentation ............................................ 27

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 A P I SPEC*KLhD 9 3 W 0 7 3 2 2 9 00 5 0 4 2 2 53 6 4 HM

Spec 16D: Control Syeteme for hilling

Control
Well Equipment 5
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- . .3

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Page
SECTION 9 REFERENCE DOCUMEJYN .............................................................................. 28
GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................ 29
SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS ....................................................................................................... 32
APPENDIX I CONTROL ...................................................................................................... 38
APPENDIX II CONTROL...................................................................................................... 40

This Standard(supplement) shallbecome effective on the

date printed onthe cover but voluntary conformance to the
revisions may be used in whole or inpart andeither in lieu
of or in conjunction with thecurrent specification from the
date of distribution to constitute conformance with the
edition applicable at the date ofmanufacture.
Attention Users of this Publication: Portions of this
publication have been changed from the previous edition.
"he locations of changes have beenmarked witha bar in
the margin, as shown to the left of this [Link] some
cases the changes are significant, whilein othercases the
changes reflect minor editiorialadjustments. The nota-
bar
tions in themargins areprovided as anaid to users asto
those parts ofthis publication that have been changed from
the previous edition,but API makes no warranty asto the
accuracy of such bar notations.

This is thefirst edition ofAPZSpec16D and wasapproved Requests for interpretations of this specification, pro-
by letterballot. posed revisions, or requests forpermission toreproduce or
translate all or any partof the materialherein should be
addressed tothe Director, Exploration & Production
Department, 1201 Main Street, Suite 2535, Dallas lX
75202-3994

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A P I SPEC*:LbD 73 0732270 0504226 2 T O

6 Petroleum American Institute

POLICY
APIPUBLICATIONSNECESSARILYADDRESS THING CONTAINED IN THE PUBLICATIONBE
PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL [Link] CONSTRUEDAS INSURING ANYONEAGAINST
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 A P I SPEC%LbD 9 3 0 7 3 2 2 9005 0 4 2 2173 7

SpecControl
16D:
Drilling
Systems
for Well Control
Equipment __ 7
-~ . ~ .. "
".

FOREWORD
a. This specification is underthe jurisdiction of the API reconciled composites of these practices are included in
Committee on Standardization of Drilling Well Control this publication. This publication is underjurisdiction of
Systems. the API Exploration & Production Department's Commit-
tee on Standardization of Drill Through Equipment.
b. American Petroleum Institute (API) Specifications
are published as aids to the procurement of standardized h. The goalof these specificationsis to assist theoil and
equipment and materials, as well as instructions to manu- gas industryin promoting personnelsafety, public safety,
facturers of equipment or materials covered by an API integrity of the drilling rig andassociated equipment, and
Specification. These Specifications are not intended to preservation of the environment for land and marine
obviate the need for sound engineering, nor to inhibit in drilling operations.
any way anyone from purchasing or producing products i. Individuals and organizations using these specifica-
to other specifications. tions are cautioned that operations and equipment must
c. The formulation and publication of API Specifica- comply with requirements of federal, state, and/or local
tions and the API monogram program is not intended in laws and regulations. Users should review these legal
any way to inhibit the purchase of products from compa- requirements to ensure compliance therewith.
nies not licensed to use the API monogram. j. Users of specifications set forth herein are reminded
d. API Specifications may be used by anyone desiring that constantly developing technologyand specialized or
to do so, and diligent effort has been made by the Insti- limited operations do not permitcomplete coverageof all
tute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data operations and/or alternatives. Specifications presented
contained therein. However, the Institute makes no rep- herein are not intended to inhibit developing technology
resentation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with and equipment improvements or improved operational
the publication of any API Specification and hereby ex- procedures. These specifications are not intended to ob-
pressly disclaimsany liability or responsibility for loss or viate the need for qualified engineering and operations
damage [Link] from their use, forany violation of any analyses and sound judgements as to where and when
federal, state, or municipalregulation with which an API these specifications should be usedto fit a specific manu-
Specification may conflict, or forthe infringement of any facturing application.
patent resulting from the use of an API Specification. k. This publication includesuse of the verbs "shall"and
e. Any manufacturer producing equipment ormaterials "should" whichever is deemed most applicable for the
represented as conforming with an API Specification is specific situation. For the purposes of this publication, the
responsible for complyingwith all the provisions of that following definitions are applicable:
Specification. The American Petroleum Institutedoes not Shall. Indicates that the specification is a minimum
represent, warrant or guarantee that such productsdo in requirement that hasuniversal applicability to that spe-
fact conform to the applicable API standard or specifica- cific activity.
tion. Should. Denotes a specification (1)where an alterna-
f. These specifications were formulated to serve as an tive specification that is equally safe and/or effective is
aid to procurement of standardized equipment and mate- available; (2) that may be impractical under certain cir-
rials as well as to provide instructions to manufacturers cumstances; or (3)that may be unnecessary under cer-
of control systems for well control equipment. They iden- tain circumstances or applications.
tify requirements for the design, materials, processing Changes in theuses of these verbsare not to be effected
and testing of standardized equipment. without risk of changing intent of specifications set forth
g. These specifications were prepared by the Subcom- herein.
mittee on Control Systems for Well Control Equipment. L Suggested revisions or additions are invited and should
They represent a composite of industry accepted prac- be submitted to: Director, Exploration & Production De-
tices and standard specificationsemployed by various partment, API, 1201 blain Street, Suite 2535,Dallas, TX
equipment manufacturing companies. In some instances, 752023994.

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 0 Institute Petroleum American

SECTION 1
SCOPE
1.0 These specifications establish design standards for 1.3 ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC/MULTIPLEXCON-
systems, subsystems and components usedto control BOPS TROL SYSTEMS FOR SUBSEA BOP STACKS. For
(blowout preventers) and associated valves that control deepwater operations, transmission subsea of electric
well pressureduringdrillingoperations. Although (rather than hydraulic) signals permits short response
diverters are not considered well control devices, their times. Electro-hydraulicsystems employ multi conductor
controls are often incorporatedas partof the BOP control cables, having an individual wire dedicatedto each func-
system. Control systems for drilling well control equip- tion to operate subseasolenoid valves which send hydrau-
ment typically use stored energy in the form of pressur- lic pilot signals to the valves that operate the BOP stack
ized hydraulic fluid (power fluid) to operate (open and functions. Multiplex control systems employ serialized
close) the BOP stack components. Each operation of a electronically coded messages transmitted over shared
BOP or other well control component is referred to as a conductors. Electronic data processing and transmission
control function. The control system equipment and cir- are used to provide the security of codifying and confirm-
cuitry varies generallyin accordance with theapplication ing functional command signals so that a stray signal,
and [Link], the specifications providedherein cross talk or a shortcircuit should not execute a function.
are applicable to six control system categories. 1.4 DIVERTERCONTROLSYSTEMS. Direct hy-
These include: draulic controls are commonly used for operation of the
1.1 CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURFACE surface mounteddiverter unit and anyassociated valves.
MOUNTED BOP [Link] systemsare typically 1.5 EMERGENCY BACKUP BOP CONTROL SYS-
simple closed hydraulic control systems consisting of a TEMS. When the subseacontrol system isinaccessible or
reservoir for storing hydraulic fluid, pump equipment for nonfunctional, an independent control system may be
pressurizing the hydraulic fluid, accumulator banks for used to operate critical well control and/or disconnect
storing power fluid, manifolding, pipingand control valves functions. Thesesystems have their own supply of power
for transmission of control fluid to the BOP stack func- fluid. They include acoustic control systems, ROV (Re-
tions. motely Operated Vehicle) operated control systems and
1.2 HYDRAULICCONTROLSYSTEMSFOR LMRP recovery systems. For surface control systems, a
SUBSEA BOP STACKS. In addition to the equipment reserve supply of pressurized nitrogen gas canserve as
required for surface mounted BOPstacks, subsea control a backup means to operate functions in theevent that the
systems use umbilical hose bundles for transmission of pump system power supply is lost.
hydraulic pilot signals [Link] used are dualsubsea 1.6 AUXILIARYEQUIPMENTCONTROL SYS-
control pods mounted on the LMRP (lower marine riser TEMS AND INTERFACES. For floating drilling opera-
package), housing pilot operated control valves for di- tions, various auxiliary functions such as the telescopic
recting power fluid to the BOP stack functions. Spent joint packer, 30' latch, etc., require operation by the
water-basedhydraulicfluid is usually vented subsea. control system. These auxiliary equipment controls, though
Hose reels are used for storage and deployment of the not specifically described herein, shall be subject to the
umbilical hose bundles. Theuse of dual subsea pods and relevant specifications and requirements for similar equip-
umbilicals afford backup security. ment.

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 A P I SPEC*lbD 93 0732290 0504229 TOT m

Spec 16D: Control Systems

Drilling
Well
for Control Equipment 9-
-
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SECTION 2
DESIGN
2.0 Well control systems and equipment identified in 5. Well Control1 Equipment Specifications - Appen-
paragraph 1.0 and related auxiliary equipmentwhich dices I and II are check lists for use by the purchaser
may be designed and/or supplied by control systemmanu- to provide information describing the BOP stack and
facturers for the intended use on oil well drilling rigs other well controlequipment suchthat thecontrol sys-
shall meet or exceed these specifications. tem may be properly designed.
These specifications do not exempt such systemsfrom 2.1.2 Design Documentation Requirements. A de-
federal, state, or local laws, or fromprudent engineering sign data book shall be retained for each systemdesign
practices and industry accepted standards. type by the manufacturer for a minimum of ten years
Materials selected to accomplish the design intent shall after delivery of the last unitof the subject design.
meet or exceed the requirements of these specifications. The designdata book shall include a Table of Contents
2.1 DESIGNREVIEW. Prior to manufacturing the and be arranged in anorderly and understandable man-
equipment or issuing equipment from stock to fill the ner.
sales order requirements, themanufacturer's responsible Example of Design Data Book Constitution:
engineering authority shall verify that the design satis-
fies all requirements in accordance with these specifica- 1. Title Page
tions. The design review will giveparticular emphasis to 2. Foreword
the following considerations. 3. Table of Contents
2.1.1 Service Conditions 4. Typical SizingKapacity Calculations
1. Sizing and capacity requirements. 5. Rated Design Working Pressure
2. Rated Working Pressure - The pressure at which 6. Rated Design Operating Temperature
the system, subsystem orcomponent is designed to
operate. 7. DrawingdCalculationsto document compliance to
3. Temperature Ratings- The control systemshall be specifications
designed to be operational within the ambient tempera- 8. Utilities Consumption List
tures anticipated or the operational environment must 9. List of Applicable Standards and Specifications
be controlled to within the temperature ratings of the
equipment. 10. Equipment Location Designations
2.2 EQUIPMENT [Link] purchaser
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION shall provide complete description and specification of the
CIIART equipment to be operated, service conditions and any
application details necessary forthe control systemmanu-
Environment Degrees F Degrees C facturer to design and build a cont.ro1 system that com-
Classification High Low High Low plies with these specifications.
Tropical 140 32 60 O Appendix I is aform to be used by the purchaser to specify
Mild 20 120 50 -13 the operating and interface requirements of a surface
Cold 120 4 50 -20 control system. Appendix II is a form to be used by the
Extreme Cold -23 120 50 -30 purchaser to specify the operating andinterface require-
Harsh 120 -40 50 -40 ments of a subsea control system.
Crucial Controlled Environment Appendices I and II serve as checklists forthe purchaser
to specify which functions are to be controlled.
NOTE - The preceding table represents the minimum
acceptable ranges for operating the equipment. The surface and subsea control system manufacturer's
design and component selection processshall ensurethat
4. Location. commodity items, subvendor materials, and the manu-
a. Land facturer's own equipment meet or exceed applicable
industry's standards and these specifications.
b. Offshore
Surface and subseacontrol functioncircuitry shall be self
1. Subsea contained such that a leak or failure in one component or
2. Surface circuit element should not cause the operation of any
other function.

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 A P I SPEC*1bD 9 3 W 0 7 3 2 2 9 00 5 0 4 2 3 07 2 1 W

10 Petroleum American Institute

2.2.1 Control System for Surface Mounted

BOP The same pump system(s) may be used to produce
stacks. power fluid for controlof both the BOP stack and the
diverter system.
[Link] Response Time. Response time between ac-
tivation and complete operationof a function is based Each pump system shall provide a discharge pres-
onBOP or valveclosure and seal off. Forsurface sure at least equivalent to the system working pres-
installations, the BOP control system should be ca- sure. Air driven pumpsystems shall require no more
pable of closing each ram BOP within 30 seconds. than 75 psig air supply pressure to reach ratedwork-
Closing time should not exceed 30 seconds forannular ing pressure.
BOPS smallerthan 18-314inches nominal boreand 45 Each pump system shall be protected from over-
seconds for annular preventers of 18-314inches and pressurization by a minimum of 2 devices designedto
larger. Response time for chokeand kill valves(either limit the pump discharge pressure.
open or close) should not exceed the minimum ob- One device shall limit the pump discharge pressure
served ram close responsetime. Measurement of clos- so that it will not exceedthe design workingpressure
ing response time begins when the close function is of the BOP control system.
activated at any control panel and endswhen the BOP
or valve is closed effecting a seal. A BOPmay be The second device, normally a relief valve, shall be
considered closed whenthe regulated operating pres- sized to relieve at a flow rate at least equal to the
sure hasrecovered to its nominal setting. If confirma- design flow rate of the pump systems and set to re-
tion of seal off is required, pressure testing below the lieve at not more than ten percent over the design
BOP or across the valve is necessary. working pressure.
Devices used to prevent pump over-pressurization
Conformance with response time specifications may shall be installed directly in thecontrol system supply
be demonstrated by manufacturer's calculations, by line to the accumulators and shall not have isolation
simulated physical testing or by interface with the valvesor any other means that coulddefeat their
actual BOP stack. intended purpose.
[Link] Hydraulic Fluid and Reservoir Equip- Electrical and/or air (pneumatic) supply for power-
ment. A suitable control fluid should be selected in ing pumps shall be availableat all timessuch that the
accordance with paragraph 4.3.4. pumps will automaticallystart when the system pres-
Water based hydraulic fluidsare usually a mixture sure hasdecreased to approximately ninety percentof
of potable water and a water soluble lubricant addi- the system working pressure and automaticallystop
tive. Whenambient temperaturesat or belowfreezing within plus zero or minus 100 psi of the system design
are expected, sufficient volume of ethylene glycol or working pressure.
other additive acceptableto the control systemmanu- [Link] Accumulator Bottlesand Manifolds. Ac-
facturer shall be mixed with the waterbased hydrau- cumulators shall meet ASME Section VI11 Division 1
lic fluid to prevent freezing. design requirements and be documented with ASME
UlA certificates.
The hydraulic fluid reservoir capacity shall be at
least twice the usable hydraulic fluid capacity of the "he accumulator systemshall be designed such that
accumulator system. Air vents shall be installed of the loss of an individual accumulator and/orbank will
sufficient sizeto avoid pressurization of the tank during not result in more than twenty-five percent loss of the
hydraulic fluid transfers or nitrogen transfers if a total accumulator system capacity.
nitrogen backup system is installed. Supply pressure isolationvalves and bleeddown
Hydraulic Fluid reservoirs shall be cleaned and valves shall be provided oneach accumulator bank to
flushed of all weld slag, machine cuttings, sand and facilitate checking the precharge pressure or draining
any other contaminantsbefore fluid is introduced. the accumulators back to the control fluid reservoir.
Accumulators shall be precharged only with nitro-
[Link] Pump Requirements. At least two pump gen. Compressed air or oxygen shall not be used to
systems, each having independent dedicated power precharge accumulators.
sources shall be provided. Each pump system shall
have sufficient quantity and pump capacity to satis- The recommended prechargepressures for the BOP
factorily perform the following: components and conditions specifiedshall be stated on
a tag permanently attached to the accumulator or the
With the accumulators isolated from service, the accumulator banks. Precharge pressureshall not ex-
pumpsystem shall have the capacity to closeone ceed working pressure of the accumulator.
annular BOP (excluding the diverter) on open hole
and open the hydraulically operated choke valve(s) [Link] Accumulator VolumetricRequirements.
and provide the minimum system operating pressure The BOP control systemshall have a minimum stored
within two (2) minutes. hydraulic fluid volumeW),with pumps inoperative,
to satisfy the greater of the two following require-
The combined output of all pumps shall be capable ments:
of charging the entire accumulatorsystem from 1. Close from a full open position at zero wellbore
precharge pressure to the maximum rated control pressure, all of the BOP'S in the BOP stack, plus fifiy
system working pressure within 15 minutes. percent reserve.

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 2. The pressure of the remaining stored accumula- 5. The driller's panel shall be equipped with dis-
tor volume after closing all of the BOP'S shall exceed plays for readout of:
the minimum calculated(using the BOP closingratio) 1. Accumulator pressure
operating pressure required to close any ram BOP
(excluding the shear rams) at the maximum rated 2. Manifold regulated pressure
wellbore pressure of the stack. 3. Annular BOP regulated pressure
[Link] Hydraulic ControlManifold. A valve with 4. Rig air pressure (air operated panels only) or
porting sized at least equal to the control manifold low air supply warning (electric panels)
supply piping sizeshall be providedfor supply of con-
trol fluid froman alternate source. This valve should 6,Driller's panels for offshorerigs shall additionally
be plugged when not in use. have audible and visual alarms to indicate:
A minimum of two independent hydraulic pressure 1. Low accumulator pressure
control circuits shall be provided which includes the 2. Low rig air pressure
following:
3. Low hydrauiic fluid reservoir level
[Link].1 Hydraulic Control Manifold Annular
BOP Circuit. A dedicated control circuit on the 4. Panel on stand by power (if applicable)
hydraulic control manifoldshall operate the annular [Link] Electrical Power Supplies. The electrical
BOP(s). The components in this circuit shall include power supply to electro-pneumatic and electro-hy-
a pressure regulator to reduce upstream manifold draulic panels shall automatically switch to an alter-
pressure to the power fluid pressure level that meets nate source of electric supply when primary power is
the BOP manufacturer's recommendations. The regu- interrupted. The alternate source of electric power
lator shall respond to pressure changes onthe down- supply shall be capable of maintaining operation of
stream side with sensitivity sufficient to maintain the remote functions for a minimum of two hours if
the set pressure withinplus or minus one hundred the primary source is lost.
and fifty psi.
2.2.2 Hydraulic Control Systems for Subsea BOP
The annular BOP pressure regulator shall be re- stacks.
motely tontrollable. Direct manual valve and regu-
lator operability shall permit closing the annular [Link] Response Time. The control system for a
BOP and/or maintaining the setregulated pressure subsea BOP stack shall be capableof closing each ram
in theevent of loss of the remote control capability. BOP in 45 seconds or less. Closing responsetime shall
not exceed 60 seconds for annular BOPs. Operating
[Link].2 Hydraulic Manifold Circuit for Com- response time for chokeand kill valves (either open or
mon Pressure Functions. The hydraulic control close) shall not exceed the minimum observed ram
manifold includesa common powerfluid circuitwith close responsetime. The response time to unlatch the
pressure regulation and control valves for operation LMRP shallnot exceed 45 seconds. Conventional
of the ram type BOP'S and choke and kill valves. measurement of response time begins when the func-
This circuit shall be provided with a manifold regu- tion is activated at any control panel and endswhen
lator bypass valve or other means to override the the readback pressure gage recovers to its nominal
manifold regulator to permit switching from regu- setting.
lated pressure to direct accumulator pressure for
operating functions. The manifold shall be designed Conformance with response time specifkations may
to function at full system rated working pressure in be demonstrated by manufacturer's calculations, by
an emergency. simulated physical testing or by interface with the
actual BOP stack.
[Link] Remote Control Panels. A minimum of
one remote controlpanel shall be furnished. This is to [Link] Mixing and Storage [Link] us-
ensure that there are at least two locations from which able control systemfluid reservoir capacity shall be at
all of the system functions can be operated. The re- least equal to the total accumulator stored hydraulic
mote panel shall beaccessible to the driller. The fluid volume. There shall be sufficient space in the
driller's remote control panel display must be physi- reservoir above the upper hydraulic fluid fill valve
cally arranged as a graphic representation of the BOP shut off level to permit draining the largest bank of
stack. Its capability shall include the following: accumulators back into the tank without overflow.
1. Control all the hydraulicfunctions whichoperate The lubricantladditive reservoir shall be sizedusing
the BOPs and choke and kill valves. the maximum anticipated ratio for mixingthe control
system's hydraulic fluid and shall contain sufficient
2. For offshore installations, display the position of lubricantladditive to mix at least ten times the total
the control valvesand indicate whenthe electric pump accumulator stored hydraulic fluid volume capacityof
is running. control system fluid.
3. Providecontrol of the annular BOP regulator The ethylene glycol reservoir if required, shall be
pressure setting. sized using the maximum anticipated ethylene glycol/
4. Provide control of the manifold regulator bypass water ratio for the minimum anticipated ambient
or override valve or alternately provide remote con- temperature to which the control fluid will be ex-
trol of the manifold regulator pressure setting. posed. The reservoir shall contain sufficient ethylene

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 glycol to mix at least one and one halftimes thetotal The secondary pump system's controls must provide
accumulator stored hydraulic fluid volume of control operation similar to the primary system except that
system fluid. the setpoint to s t a r t the pump maybe aqjusted slightly
An audible and visible alarm shall be provided to lower so that both pump systems do not start simul-
indicate low fluid level in each of the individual res- taneously. The secondary pump controlshall not stop
ervoirs. The alarm control should be set to activate the pump at less than ninety-five percent of the BOP
aRer 75% of the reservoir usable volume has been control system design working pressure and must start
drained. The alarmshall sound and illuminate at the the pump automatically prior to the system pressure
master, driller's and auxiliary remote panels. decreasing below eighty-five percent of the design
working pressure.
Cleanout portshatches shall be provided for each
reservoir to facilitate cleaning. To prevent over- See Section [Link] for information regarding over-
pressurization, each reservoir shall have suitable pressurization protection.
venta that have flow capacity in excess of the incoming [Link] Accumulators and Manifolds. Accumula-
flow capacity (including flow from accumulators for tors and manifolds for hydraulic control systems for
the mixed fluid reservoir). Thesevents shall not lend subsea BOP stacks should meet the guidelines of
themselves to being mechanically plugged, or capped. Section [Link].
Cleanout porta shall be a minimumfour inch diameter. [Link] Calculated Accumulator Volumetric
The hydraulic fluid mixing system shall be designed Capacity Requirements. The hydrauliccontrol sys-
for automatic operation. The system must automati- tem for a subsea BOP stack shall have a minimum
cally stop whenthe mixed fluid reservoir reachesthe total stored hydraulic fluid volume, with the pumps
upper hydraulic fluid fill valve shut off [Link] inoperative, to satisfy the greater of the following
mixing system must automatically restart when the requirements:
fluid level decreases not morethan tenpercent (10%) 1. Open and close, at zero wellbore pressure, all of
below the fill valve shut off level. the ramtype BOPS and one annular BOP in theBOP
The mixing system shall be capable of mixing the stack, with a fifty percent reserve.
fluids at a mixture ratio suitable to combat Geezingat 2. The pressure of the remaining stored accumula-
anticipated ambient temperature and supply an out- tor volume after opening and closing all of the ram
put flow rate at least equalto the combined discharge BOP'S and one annular BOP, shall exceed the calcu-
flow rate of the pump systems. lated minimum system operatingpressure. The calcu-
Reservoirs shall be cleaned of all weld slag, machine lated minimum system operating pressure shall ex-
cuttings, sand or any other contaminants before fluid ceed the greater of the following minimumstack com-
is introduced. ponent operating pressures:
[Link] Pump Systems. The subsea BOP control 1. Theminimum calculated operating pressure
system shall have a minimum of two independent required (using the closing ratio) to close any ram
pump systems (primary and secondary). The combina- BOP (excludingshearing pipe) at the maximum rated
tion of all pumps shall be capable of charging the wellbore pressure of the stack.
entire accumulatorsystemvolumefromprecharge 2. The mínimum calculated operating pressure
pressure to the maximum rated system workingpres- required to open and hold open any choke or kill
sure within fifteen minutes. valve in the stack at the maximum rated wellbore
Isolated accumulatorsshall be provided forthe pilot pressure of the stack.
control system which may be supplied by a separate Accumulators may be mounted on the subsea BOP
pump. The dedicated pump,if used, can be either air stack to reduce response time and/or to serve as a
powered or electric powered. backup supply of power fluid.
Air pumps should be capable of charging the accu- Means shall be provided to prevent flow of the fluid
mulators to the system working pressure with75 psi stored in the subsea accumulators back to the surface.
minimum air pressure supply. Provisionshall be made This is to prevent loss of the backup power fluid sup-
to supply hydraulic fluid t o the pilot accumulators ply if the supply line(s) shouldbe severed. The subsea
from the main accumulator system if the pilot pump accumulator capacity calculations shall compensate
becomes [Link], a standby pilot for subsea hydrostatic pressure gradientat the rate of
system pump shall be provided. .445 psi per foot of true vertical water depth. The
The pump systemsshall have controls forautomatic compensated nitrogen precharge pressure shall not
operation. exceed the ratedworking pressure of the accumulator.
The primary pump system's controls shall be set so Accumulators mounted subsea shall have a subsea
that thepump(s) will automatically stopat the maxi- mounted, surface controlled valve to allow blocking
mum design working pressure of the BOPcontrol the supply pressure to the accumulators so that the
system. Theprimary pump system controlmust start pumpsystempressuremay be directed straight
the pump(s) automatically ifthe control system accu- through to a selected BOP stack function.
mulator pressure decreases to ninety percent of the [Link] Control [Link] control manifold is
design working pressure. an assemblage of valves, gages,regulators, and aflow

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

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 A P I SPEC*:LbD 73 I0732270 0504233 430 W

-~ - Spec 16D:Control Systems for Drilling Well Equipment

Control
13 -
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"
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meter for operating andmonitoring all of the system nector and connector secondaries shall be provided
functions. The manifold has a power fluid supply,pod with hinged covers or other means to prevent inad-
selector valve and a separate pilot fluid manifold for vertent operation. The covers must notinterfere with
operating subsea cont.ro1 valves. The pilot manifold remote operatingcapability. Each valve, regulator and
contains the necessary valves to send pilot signals to gage shall be clearly labelled to indicate its function.
all of the subsea pilot operated valves. When a valve Each control valveshall additionally indicate its posi-
on the control manifold is operated, a pilot signal is tion status.
sent to a subsea control valve which, when operated, [Link] Hydraulic Manifold Electric Remote
allows flowof powerfluid to operate a BOP or another Panel Interfaces. The control manifold functions as
stack function. described in [Link] shall be operable from and/orin-
The surface manifold regulator section employs dicated at one of more additional remote panelscon-
hydraulicpressureregulators to provide the hy- nected in parallel to the driller's panel.
draulic pilot signals to the subseahydraulic pressure All panels shall be designed and connected in such
regulators. Provisions shall be made such that any rig a way that a component failure in one panel should not
service failures to the system will not cause the loss affect the operation or indication at the other panel(s)
of the subsea pressureregulator setting nor cause the or the manifold. To prevent inadvertent operationof
loss of remote controlof the subsea regulators. Provi- any function,each panelshall have a dedicated 'push
sions shall be made formanual intervention and con- and hold" switch such that to operate a critical func-
trol of the surface regulators at thecontrol manifold. tion, it is necessary to depress the 'push and hold"
An isolated pilot supply (pneumatic or hydraulic) button and the specific button for that function.
shall be provided forthe remote operation of the sur- To confirm the integrity of all pilot lights, a lamp
face manifold mounted control valves. Loss of pilot test switch shall be provided.
supply shall not affect the manual operation of the
control system. Switches controllingcritical functions, such as shear
rams, stack(wellhead connector,riser connector, con-
The remotecontrol systemshall permit operation of nector secondariesand pod latches) shall have protec-
all the surface control valvesat least two times after tive hinged covers or other meansto prevent inadvert-
the loss of rig air and electric power. This backup ent operation.
equipment maybe providedat the rig site by the user.
[Link].1 Driller's Panel. The driller's panel display
The pilot system shall include components to indi- shall be physically arranged as a graphic represen-
cate the selected position of the BOP'S at theremote tation of the BOP stacwL?rlRP. Its capability shall
panels by sensing pilot signals. include at least the following:
The hydraulic control manifold shall beequipped 1. Control all functions associatedwith BOP stack
with a flowmeter which measures the volume of flow and LhIRP including stack/LMRP mounted choke
supplied subsea from the pumps and surface accumu- and kill line valves.
lators.
2. Display the current position status of all func-
The hydraulic cont.ro1 manifold shall include pres- tions and last position status when functions are
sure gages to indicate the accumulator pressure, pilot placed in the center (block) position.
system pressure, main hydraulic subsea supply pres-
sure, subsea manifold regulator pilot pressure, subsea 3. Provide control of annular BOP regulator and
manifold regulated (readback) pressure, subsea annu- manifold regulator remotely. This control shall be
lar BOP regulator pilot pressure, subsea annularBOP capable of being overridden at thecontrol manifold
regulated (readback) pressures andrig air pressure. described in [Link]. As specified in [Link], any fail-
The hydraulic control manifoldshall contain a visible ure of remote operation shall not cause the loss of
and audible alarm for low accumulator pressure, low subsea regulator pressure setting.
rig air pressure, low mixed fluid reservoir level, loss 4. The following pressure readout displays shall
of primary electrical power supply and low pilot sup- be provided
ply pressure. 1. Accumulator Pressure
All functions onthe hydraulic control manifold shall 2. Surface manifold pilot pressure
beremotelyoperablefrom the driller's panel (see
paragraph [Link].1). 3. Subsea Annular BOP regulator pilot pressure
The control manifoldinterface shall be designed so 4. Subsea Annular BOP regulated (readback)
that all control signals and power fluid supplies have pressure
redundant access (two separate jumpers, umbilical 5. Subsea manifold regulator pilot pressure
hose bundles, reels and control pods) to the shuttle
valves on the BOP stack functions. Each retrievable 6. Subsea manifold regulated (readback) pres-
pod shall be individually retrievable to the surface sure
without loss of operability of any of the BOP stack 7. Rig air supply pressure
functions through the other pod. 5. A resettable flowmeter readout shall be pro-
The valve handles or push buttonsto controlcritical vided to indicate the total volume used to operate
[Link] suchas shear rams, wellhead and riser con- subsea functions.

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 6. The followingindicating or warning lights with Thesecondary power source shall be an un-
audible alarm shall be provided: interruptible power supply or a battery pack and
1. Low accumulator pressure shall be capable of maintaining operation of the
remote functions for a minimum of two hours follow-
2. Low manifold pilot pressure ing lossof primary electric power. This standby power
3. Low rig air pressure source will not supply power to the pump systems,
4. Low mixed fluid level [Link] Hose Reels. The hosereel drum radius shall
be equal to or greater than theminimum bendradius
5. Low lubricant fluid level recommended by the manufacturer of the subsea
6. Low glycol level (if applicable) umbilical.
7. Primary power/standby power in use indicat- The hose reel drive shall have a minimum torque
ing light capacity of 1.5 times the maximum anticipated tor-
8. Pump running light (if electric motor driven
sional load which is typically the load applied by the
unsupported length of deployed hose. Consideration
pumps are provided) shall be made to the fluid weight inside the hose and
[Link].2 Secondary Remote or Tool Pusher's the effect of buoyancy on any submerged section.
Panel. The secondary-remote panelshall be located The hose reel shall be equipped with a device that
at a place away from the drill floor. The preferred prevents rotation of the drum when the jumper hose
locationfor the panel shall be either at the tool assembly is connected at the reel.
pusher's office or at a location close to the life boat
station. "his panel shall be physicallyarranged as a The hose reel drum shall be equipped with a brake
graphic representationof the BOP stacWLMRP. capable of overriding and stalling the motor. The brake
should be capable of supportingthe weight of the fully
Its capability shall include at least the following: deployed subsea umbilical when it is suspended in
1. Control all functions associatedwith BOP stack water.
and LMRP including stacWLMRP mounted choke The hose reeldrum shall have a mechanical locking
and kill line valves except wellhead (stack connec- device that positions the hose reel manifold and junc-
tor, wellhead (stack) connector secondary and POD tion box in an accessible position when parked.
latches.
The hose reel assembly shall be prepared andcoated
2. Display the position status of all functions. to withstand direct exposure to salt water spray (see
3. The followingindicating or alarm lights shall be paragraph [Link]).
provided: T w o independent hose reels shall be [Link]
1. Low accumulator pressure alarm reel shall be clearly identifiedas to the subsea control
2. Low manifold pilot pressure alarm pod to which it is connected by hose [Link] reels
and corresponding pods shall be color coded yellow
3. Low rig air pressure alarm and blue.
4. Low mixed fluid level alarm [Link] Hose Reel Manifold. All functions required
5. Low lubricant fluid level alarm to run, land and retrieve the LMRP and/or the BOP
stack shall remain fully active during running, land-
6. Low glycol level (if applicable) ing and retrieval. A list of these functions shall be
7. Primary power/standby power in use indicat- included in the operator's manual.
ing light [Link] Subsea Control Pods. T w o control pods
8. Pump running light (if electric motor driven shall be usedto provide redundant control of all subsea
pumps are provided) functions. The surface control manifold directs pilot
4. The secondary remote panel shall display the command signals to operate the pressure regulators,
following pressure readings: control valves, and straight-through functions in the
Pod.
1. Accumulator pressure
Each controlpod shall contain allthe pressure regu-
2. Subsea annular BOP regulated (readback) pres- lators, valves and straight-throughfunctions required
sure to operate all subsea functions.
3. Subsea manifold regulated (readback) pres- An umbilical strain relieuradius guard shall be
sure employed at the pod/umbilical interface to prevent
5. The secondaryremote panel shall display a the umbilical from being bent on a radius less than
resettable flowmeter totalizer readout to indicate the umbilical manufacturer's minimum recommended
the volume used to operate subsea functions. bend radius.
[Link].3 Electric Power Supplies. The primary Isolation means shall be providedso that, if one pod
electric power supply connected for remote control or umbilical is disabled, it shall not affect the opera-
of the control manifoldshall automatically switchto tion of the other pod or the subsea functions.
an alternate source of electric supply whenthe pri- The subsea pressure regulators in each pod shall
mary power is interrupted. provide regulated pressures to ensure proper opera-

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 APL S P E C r l b D 93 m 0732290 0504235 203

~~~~ ~ ~~~ __ "___l_l

~- S - m l G D : Control Systems for-*llingEquipment
"
Control
Well ~~-~~ - _ _ _ 15

tion of the designated function(s). The valves and [Link] Cable Reels. The cable reels shall be de-
regulators shall be sized to supply the volume re- signed to run and retrieve the cable without damaging
quired to operate each function within its specified or kinking the cable.
response time. All electrical control functions and electrical power
Pods shall be color coded, striped or otherwise dis- required to run, land and retrieve the LMRP and/or
tinguished so that identification by subsea cameras is the stack shall remain fully active during running,
easily discernible. landing and retrieval.
21.3 Electro Hydraulic and Multiplex Electro The cable reel brake shall have sufficient capacityto
Hydraulic Control Systems Subsea for BOP Stacks. stall the cable reel at full torque output.
Electro hydraulic and multiplexcontrol systems for A mechanical locking mechanismshall be available
subsea BOP stacks must meetthe same response time, to lock the drum in position.
mixing and storage, pumprequirements andaccumula-
tor manifolding and capacity requirementslisted in 2.2.2 All cable reel components shall have an environmen-
for subsea control systems. tal rating suitable for the areaclassification related to
explosion hazard in which the reel is installed.
Electrical power for these control systems (excluding
the pump systems) shall be supplied from one or more All electrical terminations, slip rings, etc. shall be
unintermptible power supplies with battery capacities protected against moisture and shall be suitable for
to operate the controls for at least two hours. the classification of the areas where installed. These
items and theirinstallation shall have the approvals,
[Link] Electrical Control Unit. One electrical where required, of the certifying agencies specified.
control unit shall be located in a safe dry area.
Slip ring contact assembliesshall be of a non-oxidiz-
All control functionsand readbacks shall be operable ing materialsuitable for the surrounding atmosphere.
and monitored at the panel on the drill floor. Contacts shall be designed to minimize the possibility
The electrical control unit(s) shall maintain a non- of flash over between the contacts.
violative function memory in the event of a power Slip ring contact material shall be designed to mini-
interruption to the unit. Upon restoration of power, mize wear and the formation of resulting conductive
the unit willautomaticallyre-configure all subsea dust which could cause signal degradation and short
functions as they were prior to loss of power. circuits.
[Link] Electrical Cables. " w o complete indepen- [Link] Subsea ControlPods/Manifolds and Elec-
dent subseacables shall be used. The severing, open- trical Equipment. Two sets of electronic and or
ing, or shorting of one cable assembly should not dis- electro hydraulic control pods and manifolds shall be
able the surface equipment andthe pod connected to provided forthe redundant control of all subsea func-
the other cable should remain fully functional. tions.
Shipboard cabling from the electrical controlunits to A cable strain reliefkadius guard shall be employed
the cable reels should be routed along separate paths, at the cabldpod interface.
where practical,to reduce the possibility of both cables
being simultaneously damaged. In theevent of failure of one podlmanifold, the dis-
abled pod shall not affect the operation of the other
Each electrical cable shall contain all communica- poumanifold or the subsea functions.
tions and/or power conductors required to control all
the subsea functions through one pod. The subsea pressure regulators in each Mmanifold
shall provide regulated pressures to ensure proper
The cablemust be torque balanced to prevent kink- operation of the designated function. The valves and
ing and twisting. The cable shall be designed to be regulators should be sized to supply the volume re-
capable of supporting at least, two times the antici- quired to operate each function within the specified
pated load which is typically the load applied by the response time.
unsupported length of deployed cable. The electrical
conductors and electrical insulation shall not be used [Link] Subsea Electrical [Link] electri-
as load bearing components in the cable assembly. cal connections which may be inadvertantly exposed
to seawater shall be protected from excessiveelectri-
All underwater electrical umbilical cable termina- cal current to prevent overloading the subsea electri-
tions shall prevent water migrationup the cable in the cal supply system in theevent of water intrusion into
event of connector failure or leakageand prevent water the connection.
migration from the cable into the subsea connector
termination in the event of water intrusion into the All electrical apparatus to be used subsea is to be
cable. Conductor terminations shall ensure that sea- temperature rated to be fully operational on a con-
water intrusion does not cause electrical shorting. A tinuous basis while exposed to surface ambient condi-
pressure compensated junction box containing dielec- tions without the use of auxiliary cooling or heating.
tric fluid may be used to accomplish this. All subsea electrical equipment shall be designed to
Underwater connectors shall be providedwith pres- be suitable for use subsea with particular attention
sure test ports to verify the seal integrity of mated paid to mechanical vibration and shock induced while
plug-receptacles. drilling. Plug-in devices shall be mechanically secured.

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

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 .~ . ~~~

A P I SPEC*LbD 9 3 W 0732290 O504236 L 4 T m

16 Petroleum American Institute

Auxiliary subsea electrical equipment which is not charging pressure. Relief valves must be designed to
directly related to the BOP control system shall be automatically reseat and shut off within twenty five
connected in such a manner to avoid disabling the percent below the pressure setting,
BOP control system in the event of a failure in the The pump system(s) must be capable of recharging
auxiliary equipment. the diverter control system accumulators to full sys-
All subsea electrical equipment shall be insulated tem within five minutes after onecomplete divert
from any surface exposed to seawater. mode operation of the diverter control system.
All electricaland electronic chambersshall be double [Link] Accumulator Volumetric Capacity. The
sealed at all areasexposed to seawater or hydrostatic diverter control system shall have sufficient accumu-
pressure and should have a provision for atest port. lator capacity to provide the usable hydraulic fluid
A chamber containingelectrical components whichis volume (with pumps inoperative) required to operate
filled with dielectric fluid and pressure compensated all of the divert modefunctionsplus fifty percent
to the ambient pressure surroundingthe stack maybe reserve.
sealed using a single seal. [Link] Diverter Control Manifold. The diverter
2.2.4 Diverter Control Systems. control manifoldconsists of control valves, regulators
-
General The diverter control system shall be de- and gages. The control valves shall be arranged so
that they represent the actual diverter equipment
signed to preclude closing-in of the well withthe diverter.
This requires opening one or more vent lines prior to arrangement and be clearly identified as to their
closing the diverter annular sealing device as well as purpose and functional position.
closing normally open mud system valves. Operation to The diverter control system shall be designed to
open the vent valve and close the mud line (return) prohibit closing the diverter packer unless a vent line
valve shall occur before the diverter packer is closed. has been opened. If the diverter in use is equipped
The pumps and/or accumulators used to operate the with an insert packer and/or pressure energized flow
diverter system shall either be common to the BOP line seals, the control system sequencing circuitry shall
control system or dedicated t o the diverter system. additionally prevent closingthe diverter packer ifthe
An alternate means (back-up fluid supply) shall be insert packer is unlocked or ifthe flow line seals and/
employed to permitsequencing the diverter system or overshot packer are not energized.
should the primary closing system becomeinoperative. Where applicable, the control system, shall be ca-
This can be accomplished by alternative pump system pable of switching the diverted flow from one vent line
capacity, separate isolated accumulator capacity, nitro- to the other (for example, portto starboard) while the
gen backup capacity orother means. The back-up sys- diverter packer is closed withoutshutting-in the well.
tem shall be capable of meeting the recommendations Regulators usedin thediverter control system must
of Section [Link].The back-up system shall be automati- reduce operating pressure to within the manufacturer's
cally or selectively available on demand. limits for the components being operated and be ca-
[Link] Response Time. A diverter control system pable of adjustment to within the recommended oper-
shall be capable of operating the vent line and flow ating parameters. If relief valves are used to limit
line valves (if any) and closing the annular packing maximum pressure, they shall be of the self-reseating
element on pipe or open hole withinthirty seconds of type and must reseat within twenty five percent below
actuation if the packing element has a nominal bore the relief setting. An air storage or nitrogen backup
of twenty inches or less. For elements of more than system shall be providedwith capability to operate all
twenty inches nominal bore,the diverter control sys- of the pneumatic functions a t least twice in the event
tem must be capable of operating the vent line and of loss of rig air pressure,
flow line valves (if any) and closing on pipe in use [Link] Control Panels. All of the diverter control
within forty-five seconds. functions shall be remotely operable from the rig floor.
[Link] Control Fluid Reservoir. A diverter con- The main hydrauliccontrol panel shall be provided in
trol system shall have a control fluid reservoir sized an area remote from the rig floor. Loss of remote
to hold a minimumof two times the usable hydraulic control capability should not interrupt or alter the
fluid of the accumulator system capacity required to automatic sequencing from the main control unit.
operate the diverter equipment.
2.2.6 Manufacturing Documentation.A system to
[Link] Pump [Link] pumpsystem(s) assemble and keep documentationto ensure that equip-
for diverter system control systems shall be designed ment specifications are met during the purchasing and
to automatically stop the pump(s) whenthe full design manufacturing processes shall be established and em-
accumulator charging pressure is reached and to au- ployed by the control system manufacturer. The docu-
tomatically re-start the pump(s) when the pressure mentation shall include:
decreases to not morethan 90 percent of the charging 1. Purchase control specifications.
pressure. The automatic pressure control system should
additionally include a secondary overpressurization 2. Engineering specifications.
protection device such as a relief valve. The relief 3. Manufacturing standards.
valve shall be set to relieve overpressurization a t not
more than 110percent of the designaccumulator 4. Quality control procedures.

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

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 . ". - Spec 16D Control
Systems for Drilling
Well
Control
Equipment ~. 17
-~ _____ ____
~~

~~ ""
l_i ~ "~
~"

SECTION 3
INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM DESIGN VERIFICATION
3.0 Documentation and testing required to verify the pressure shall be 5 minutes after stabilization. Test
design of each control system to these specifications shall recorder charta shall be available, dated, witnessed,
include: and identified to the particular equipment to [Link]
3.1 DOCUMENTATION. All documentation shall be manufacturer's certifications.
dated. Revision status if applicable will be indicatedand [Link] Hazardous AreaElectrical Certificates.
each documentshall be signed by a person having respon- Manufacturer'scertificates of compliance to applicable
sibility for its completeness, accuracy and proper distri- electrical codes shall be required for all electrical
bution. equipment and apparatusfor installation in explosive
3.1.1 Test Procedures. Test procedures shall be writ- environments as defined in API RP500.
ten, dated andsigned by an engineering authority hav- [Link] Accumulator Certificates. Seamlessaccu-
ing responsibility for ensuring that the product meets mulators furnished withASME-U-1A reports are ac-
the intended application specifications. The procedure ceptable. Welded accumulators shall be documented
shall at least include: with weld and NDE reporta as well as hydrostatic test
1. Reference documentation list. reports and manufacturer'scertification to acceptable
design and manufacturer requirements meeting ASME
2. Test equipment and apparatus list. Section VI11 Division I design criteria.
3. Personnel safety [Link].
[Link] Relief Valve Certificates. Relief valves
4. Pre-test inspection, servicingand assembly require- shall be separately tested and adjusted using a low
ments. flow rate tester comparable to a dead weight tester.
5. Detailed instructions (as applicable) for: A certificate of the relief valve setting and operation
shall be provided by the valve manufacturer indicat-
5.1 Flushing and Fluid cleanliness requirements. ing the accuracy of the set point and the pressure at
5.2 Utilities verification. which the relief valvereseats. Relief valves foruse in
accumulator systems shall reseat within twenty five
5.2.1 Electric motor voltage, frequency,phase bal- percent of the set pressure. Relief valves shall addi-
ance, amperage and insulation resistance. tionally be tested to determine the maximum flow
5.2.2 Air supply pressure and operational pres- rate through the relief valve without exceeding the
sure drop. relief valve'sset pressure. The systemshall be verified
5.3 Hydrostatic test requirements. to have sufficient relief valves to meet [Link] flow
capability.
5.4 Operational limit settings.
[Link] Certificate of [Link]'s
5.5 Functional requirements. certificate of compliance shall certify that all specifi-
5.6 Records and data requirements. cations set forth in this document forthe design, manu-
facturing, testing, and corrosion protectionhave been
5.7 Post test procedures, preservation and protec- met for the intendedservice. All records pertaining to
tion requirements. the design, manufacture, and testing shall be duly
6. Quality witness and acceptance. filed and retained by the manufacturer.
7. Special considerations. 3.2 CONTROL WS" QUALIFICATIONTESTS
7.1 Requirements to ensure proper interface of sys- Qualification testing shall be required for prototype con-
tem components permitted when delivery of compo- trol systems. A prototype control system is a first time
nents precludes availability of all components during system of a new manufacturer or a system using major
factory tests. components of a type not previously proven. An in-plant
test shall be performed to demonstrate that theprototype
7.2 Calculations acceptable to ensure design speci- control system meetsclosing time requirements set forth
fications are met where actual measurement of per- to be used
in this specification (see2.2). For units that are
formance is not practical. subsea,calculatedvolumes for stackmounted ac-
3.1.2 Certifications. The following certificates shall cumlulators (at the rig design water depth) shall be
be available: applied to a bank of surface accumulators to simulate
[Link] Hydrostatic Test Certificates. Hydrostatic subsea accumulator delivered volumes. The pressuredrop
test certificates shall be provided by the control sys- in riser mounted rigid conduitsshall be calculated for the
tem manufacturerfor piping and component systems maximum flow required (at maximum designdepth), and
subjected to internal pressure of 250 psi or more. a hose with equivalent pressure drop may be used forthe
Pressure measurement and transmitting devices shall in-plant tests.
be tested to full design workingpressure. Piping and Warning accumulators shall not be precharged to pres-
containment devices shall be tested to 1-1/2 times the sures exceeding the design workingpressure of the vessel
design workingpressure in plant [Link] to full design when compensatingfor subsea hydrostatic pressure gra-
working pressure in the field. Holding time for test dient.

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A P I S P E C * l b D 9 3 m 0732290 0504238 T L 2 m

18 Petroleum American Institute

-.

The accumulator system shall be tested to verify that an S. The accumulator pressure should decline steadily to
accumulator discharge valve does not inadvertently close the approximate precharge pressure, then drop to zero
by performing the following: psi. (Flowmeter reading is an alternate indication).
1. With a leastfifty percent (50%) of the accumulators 4. Close the flow path thencheck precharge pressureof
isolated from service and the remainder fully charged, each accumulatorto ensure no loss of precharge pressure
shut the pump systems off. or trapped pressure has occurred caused by improper
2. Free flow the hydraulic accumulator supplythrough operation of an accumulator discharge valve. Close the
the largest regulator and control valve while recording flow path and wait at least 15 minutes for temperature
the accumulator system pressure. Simulation of control stabilization.
line losses by restricting the flow rate may be employed 5. Repeat test for the remaining accumulators.
to compensate for control line size and length.

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 API SPEC*lbD 9 3 0732290 0504239 959 m

Spec 16D Contr$S_yatems for Drilling

Control
Well Equipment 19
______
"~ -~

SECTION 4
MA'IERIAI, REQuIRElMENTs
4.1 PRESSURE CONTAINING [Link] 1. Pressure containing components.
pressure containing (15 psi or greater) or pressure con- 2. Electrical and electronic equipment and installations.
trolling components shall require documented
a standard
material specification (i.e., AIS1 or SAE specification) or 3. Mechanical equipment.
the manufacturer's written requirementsfor the metallic 4. Fluids and Lubricants.
materials to be used.
5. Protective Finishes.
4.2 FABRICATION MATERIALS.
4.3.1 Pressure Containing Components.
4.2.1 Structural Steel. Structural steel shall con-
form to the manufacturer's specification. The minimum [Link] Pressure Vessel&
strength level, group,and class shall be specified bythe
manufacturer's specification. Unidentifiedsteel shall not
-
General Pressure vessels having internal or ex-
ternal operating pressures above 15 psi (103 KPa)
be used. shall meet or exceed the mandatory appendices of
4.2.2 Steel Groups. Steel can be grouped according ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, Section VIII,
to strength level and welding characteristicsas follows: Division I, Rules forConstruction of Pressure Vessels.
a. Group I designates mild steels with specified mini- [Link].1 Accumulators. Accumulator shells shall
mum yieldstrengths of 40 ksi (280MPa) orless. Carbon be hydrostatically tested to one and one-half (l-l/2)
equivalent is generally 0.40% or less, and these steels times their maximum intended working pressure.
may be welded by any of the welding processesas de- Certification of hydrostatic test witnessed by the
scribed in AWS D1.l. ASME inspector shall be evident by the appropriate
code inspection stamp permanently affixed to each
b. Group II designates intermediate strength steels accumulator shell. Accumulator shells shallinclude
with specified minimum yield strengths of over 40 ksi a permanently affixed serial number. Written test
(280MPa) through 52 ksi (360MPa). Carbonequivalent reports certifying acceptanceof the accumulator shell
ranges upto 0.45% and higher, and these steelsrequire test shallbe maintained by the control system manu-
the use of low hydrogen welding processes. facturer for each serial numbered unit. Traceability
c. Group III designateshigh strength steels with speci- to the original accumulator shell manufacturer shall
fied minimum yield strengths in excess of 52 ksi (360 be maintained.
MPa).Such steels maybe used, provided that each Each precharged accumulator bottle inclusive of
application is investigated with regard to: all components in the final configuration assembly
(1) Weldability and special welding procedures which item shallbe hydrostatically tested to the maximum
may be required. rated working pressure.
(2) Fatigue problems which may result from the use The control system manufacturer shall maintain a
of higher working stresses. Quality History File including Hydrostatic Test
Charts to insure proof that each serial numbered
(3) Notch toughness in relation to other elements of unit successfully heldthe test pressure (within 1.5%)
fracture control, such as fabrication, inspection proce- for a minimum of five minutes after stabilization
dures, service stress, and temperature environment. (see [Link]). Sufficient time for pressure stabiliza-
4.2.3 Structural Shape a n d Plate Specifications. tionshould be allowed t o compensatefor the
Unless otherwise specified by the designer, structural temperature effect on the nitrogen precharge.
shapes and platesshould conform to one of the specifi- [Link].2 Non pressure compensated vessels sub-
cations listed in ASTM standards. jected to external pressureabove 15 psi and vessels
4.3 COMMODITY ITEMS. (housing) for use subsea and subjected to subsea
-
General For the purpose of this specification, com- hydrostatic pressure externallywhere internal pres-
sure is not compensated in a manner to prevent a
modity items are defined as manufacturedproducts differential pressure less than 15 psi shall be de-
purchased by the control system manufacturer for use in signed in accordance with ASME Section VIU,
the construction of control systems for drilling well con- Division I rules.
trol equipment. Commodity items are items which are
manufactured to specifications and documentation estab- Such vessels shall be permanently marked in a
lished by subvendors rather than by the control system conspicuous manner to indicate the maximum water
manufacturer andinclude such items as may be commer- depth the vessel is designed for.
cially available for other industrial applications. The vessel shall be tested and certified to ensure
Commodity items shallmeet or exceed acceptedappli- seal and structural integritya t the simulateddesign
cable industry standards for the intended usein control water depth identified on the vessel.
systems governed by this specification. [Link].3 Nitrogen cylinders used in conjunction
Commodity items for the purpose of this specification with blowout preventer and diverter control systems
are divided into five classifications: for emergency backup systems shall meet the De-

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API SPEC*KLbD 73 W 0732270 0504240 670 W

20 Petroleum American Institute

partment of transportation Specification's 3AA2015 connections using teflon tape or non-soluble thread
as a minimum. Nitrogen cylinders shall physically preparations shall require care in use and shall be
bear the [Link] mark,registered identi- subjected to subsequentflushing to avoid plugging or
fying symbol, test date and supplier's mark. malfunction of control system components.
[Link] Pipe, Tubing and Connections. Pipe, tub- Design of threaded piping connections shall be in
ing and connections used in hydraulic or pneumatic accordance with ANSI B31.3 latest edition.
circuits subjected to internal pressure exceeding 15 psi Welding of connections shall be accomplished by
shall be compatible with the fluid or
gas lading and have certified weldersin accordance with applicable codes
a minimum burst pressure rating at least three (3) and manufacturers written procedures.
times greater than the maximum pressure to which the
component may be subjected. All piping and tubinginstallations shall be hydro-
statically tested to one and one-half (l-ll2) times
For specific piping design requirements (including design working pressure by the control system manu-
appropriate material stress level, pressure reduction facturer during factory acceptance testing. Air supply
for joints or attachments, and operational consider- piping and instrument air systems shall be bubble
ations) see ANSVASME B31.1 and B31.3, latest edi- tested (soap solutionon each connection).Air receiv-
tion. ers shall be ASME coded, where applicable, and shall
[Link].1 Hoses and Hose Connections. Burst be protected fromoverpressurization.
pressure forhoses shall be determined by actual [Link] NonASMECodedHydraulicControlSys-
pressure test conducted onlot samples and certified temComponents. Componentsinthiscategoryinclude
by the hose manufacturer. This testing shall include control valves, check valves, pressure reducinglregu-
end connections if permanently attached. The hose lating valves, solenoid valves, pressure switches,
assembly shall be tested to 1.5 times the rateddesign pressure transducers, gages, relief valves, pump fluid
working pressure. ends and othercomponents in the hydraulicsystem.
[Link].2 Flame Tests. The control lines,and any Components usedin thehydraulic circuits of control
component of the control lines to a surface mounted systems complying with this specificationshall be rated
BOP stack or diverter located in a division (1) one by the component manufacturer for design working
area, as defined by API 500 (area classification)shall pressures equalto or greater than themaximum sys-
be capable of containingthe normal operating pres- tem pressure to which they may be subjected. The
sure in aflame temperature of 2000 degrees F for a burst pressure rating shall be at least two (2) times
period of three minutes without a leakage (includes the design workingpressure ratingof the components.
end connections),
All components in thisgroup shall be hydrostatically
Where hosesare used to connect the control system tested during factory acceptance testing to system
to the well control equipment, flame resistance tests design working pressure. Additionally, hydraulic and
shall be conducted on a typical specimenin the follow- pneumaticcomponents integral withelectridelectronic
ing manner: devices are also subjectto the electrical and electronic
1. The test specimen shall be fitted with pressure equipment and installation specifications presented in
end couplingsand installed in a testfacility capableof Section 4.3.2 of this specification.
maintaining a 2,000 degrees F (+/-loo) flame tem- All components used in the construction of control
perature over at least 180 angle degrees of the test systems shall be newequipment. Component selection
specimen inclusiveof approximately 12 inches of the shall be based on a minimum history of two years of
specimen length, including one end connection. acceptable performance in asimilar environment and
2. The specimen is to be connected to a regulated application, or simulated
on cycle testing of a minimum
water pressure source equal to normal operating 1,000 cycles at theworking pressure. Components not
pressure. normally cycled shall be qualified foran equivalenttwo
years of service. Components used for qualification
3. Thermocouples shall be located within the flame tests shall not be usedin the construction ofdeliverable
area to ensure that the test temperature is main- equipment.
tained at the endcoupling, the coupling to hose
transition and at a point along the hose at least six 4.3.2 Electrical and Electronic Equipment and
inches fromthe hose to coupling transition. Installation,
4. Deliverable hoses typical of successful test speci- [Link] All electrical components shall be rated at
mens shall be permanently identified in a mannerto 100%duty cycle foruse in the full ambient temperature
permit tracing of the testspecimen and test facility. range to which they will be exposed.
The control system manufacturers shall be respon- [Link] All electrical apparatus designed foruse in a
sible for maintaining hose compliance certifications hazardous atmosphere as defined by (API RP 500)
on hoses which they supply in accordance with this shall be tested and approved as suitable for such useby
specification. a recognized third party testingagency. (i.e. FM, UL,
[Link].3 Threaded and Welded Connections. CSA< BASEFFA, etc.)
Piping and hose metal components shall be burr free [Link] All electrical components shall be capable of
and clean and free of loose scale and other foreign operating within specificationsat avoltage range of + or
material prior to assembly. Assembly of threaded -10%nominal rated voltage.

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 [Link] All electrical conductor insulation shall be 4.3.3 Mechanical Equipment.
ratedat1.5timesthepeakoperatingvoltageor50volts, Pod Valves - Pod valves shall be designed to mini-
which everis greater. mize interflow. Consideration should be givento effec-
[Link] All electrical copper conductors routed exter- tive spring closure in the absence of pressure assist
nal to an enclosure shall be strandedwire of aminimum [Link] springs should be tested to 1,000
of 18 AWG. No solid wireshall be used external to an cycles and retain theminimum designspring constant.
enclosure orin areas of high vibration. All pod valve prototypes shall be cycled a minimum of
[Link] hfinimumbendradiiofflexibleelectricalcables 1,000times at normal operating pressure. Cap screws
shall notbe less than cable manufacturers recommen- holding valvesand regulators together shouldbe corro-
dations overthe expected ambienttemperature range sion resistant.
of the equipment. Tubing restraints shall be employedwhere failure
[Link] Electrical components shouldbe designed or may cause personnel injury. Hoses, cables and other
packaged in such a manner so as to prevent corrosion umbilical restraints shallnot cause bending radius ta be
caused by condensation and exposure to a salt laden less than theminimum specified by the umbilical manu-
atmosphere. All electrical apparatus exposed to un- facturer.
controlled atmospheric conditions (i.e. deck-mounted Clamps forcontrol hoses and cables shall be designed
equipment) should be of NEhU 4X construction. and tested to hold maximum loads inducedby hose or
[Link] Printedcircuit cards shall be constructed and cableweight, current and wave action. Materials of
mounted in such amanner so as to minimize the flexing construction should be corrosion resistant.
effects of vibration and shock. Operator guards shall beprovided for all rotating
[Link] All socket mounted components shall be me- equipment.
chanically restrained in their sockets. All plugged ports shall be provided with plugs rated
[Link] Allcontrolsystemcabinets,skids, andexter- to the pressure to be blanked off and be engaged to
nally mounted componentsshall be grounded through sufficient thread depth to contain the rated pressure.
dedicated ground conductors to a common ground sys- All checkvalves and shuttlevalves shall becycled and
tem. All electrical control and power circuits shall be pressure and flow tested to ensure proper function under
isolated from the above described ground system. All all anticipated conditions.
groundconductorsintheabovesystemshallbesizedfor On-site Assembly Checklists shall be prepared to as-
the maximum expected groundfault currentin accor- sist service personnelin assembly of the control systems
dance with the National Electrical Code. such that repairs and corrections are minimized during
[Link] Semiconductor devices are not to be used system checkout and acceptance tests.
singularly as a means to electrically isolate circuits After any factory repairs, function tests from all sta-
which may be exposed to Class I Div. I hazardous tions shall be repeated to ensure that therepair did not
atmospheres per API RP 500 (i.e. air purge system
failure). adversely affectthe operation of any function fromany
one control point.
[Link] All enclosures which contain more than one ControlSystemLayout and Access - The control
power sourceshall include a door or cover mounted tag system components shall be assembled in such a man-
stating the number ofpower sources and voltages
ner that repairs can be madein a timely manner. Con-
present. All enclosures which may contain voltages in trol panels and valves should be ventedin such a man-
excess of 5OV shall include a door or cover mounted tag
ner to prevent actuation of other functions.
stating themaximum voltage which may present. be
4.3.4 Fluids and Lubricants. Control fluids and lu-
An electrical enclosure maybe used in a hazardous bricants are user responsibilities. However, manufac-
location as defined in APIRP 500 to housenon-
explosion proofelectrical components. The enclosure, turers shall recommend minimum requirements for their
including conduitandor cable gland penetrationsinto equipment related to cleanliness, lubricity, tempera-
the enclosure,shall be designed and certifiedto meet or ture and environmental safety.
exceed the specific requirements for the area in which 4.3.5 Cathodic Protection and Painting.
it is installed. Cable gland penetrationsinto the enclo- [Link] Cathodic Protection - Equipment to be
sure and electricalenclosures meeting this specification deployed subsea shall be cathodically protected in ac-
shall be appropriately labeledby an independent certi- cordance with applicable recommendations of NACE
fying authority to show zone classifications. Standard RP-01-76 uCorrosion Controlof Steel Fixed
[Link] All intrinsically safe circuits shall use blue Offshore Platforms Associated with Petroleum Pro-
terminals, blue wire, and be tagged with blue tags duction". Manufacturer shall specifymaterials, sizes,
indicating the presence of intrinsically safe circuits. In locations and method of installation of cathodic pro-
addition, all intrinsically safe circuits shall be physi- tectors in accordance with these NACE standards.
[Link] bymeansofseparate [Link] Painting. Abrasive blast cleaning methods,
enclosures or insulating barriers. painting materialsand standardsof measurement shall
[Link] Allelectricalconductormaximumampacities meet the applicable recommendations of SSPC (Steel
shall be sized using the edition of the National Electric Structures Painting Council) guidelines for the in-
Code in effect at thetime of equipment manufacture tended environmentof installation. Manufacturer shall
and/or installation. specify materials, application and verification in writ-
[Link] Aluminum wireshall not be used. ten procedures.

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A P ÏS P E C v L b D 93 m 0732290 0504242 443 W

22 Petroleum American Institute

SECTION 5
WELDING REQULREMENTS
6.1 GENERAL. 6.4 DESIGN OF WELDS.
6.1.1 Allweldingof external or internal pressure 6.4.1 All welds that areconsidered part of the design
[Link] components shall comply with the welding of a production part shall be specified by the manufac-
requirements of the ASME Boiler and PressureVessel turer to describe the requirements for the intended
Code SectionM.(Ref. 4.3.1.)Verification of compliance weld.
shall be established through the implementation of the 6.4.2 Dimensions of groove and fillet welds with tol-
manufacturer's Welding Procedure Specification (WS) erances shall be documented in the manufacturer's
andthesupporting ProcedureQualificationRecord
specification. Weld typesand symbols are listed in AWS
(PQR). DI.l Charts, A2.4-86.
6.1.2 When welding pressure containing (15 psi or
greater) components require impact testing, verifica- 6.6 PREHEATING. Preheating of assemblies orparts,
tion of compliance shall be established through the when required, shall beperformed to manufacturer's
implementation of the manufacturer's WPS and sup- written procedures.
porting PRQ. 6.6 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION. Instruments to
6.2 WELDMENT DESIGN AND CONFIGURATION. verify temperature, voltage, and amperage shall be ser-
viced andcalibrated in accordance with the written
62.1 PressureContaining Fabrication Weldments. specification of the manufacturer performing the weld-
Pressure containing fabrication weldmentsdescribed ing.
here pertain to primary pressure containing members.
6.7 WELDING CONSUMABLES. Welding consumables
Full penetration welds maybe used for pressure con- shall conform to American Welding Society or consum-
taining [Link] examplesare listed in AWS able manufacturer's approved specifications.
DL1 Charts, A2.4-86.
The manufacturer shall have a written procedure for
6.2.2 Load Bearing Weldments. Load bearing storage and control of weldconsumables. Materialsof low
weldments are essential to the operation orinstallation hydrogen type shall be stored and used as recommended
of equipment and which are not in contact with the by the consumable manufacturer to retain their original
contained fluid. These include, but are not limited to, low hydrogen.
lifting points and equipment mounting supports.
Joint designforloadbearingweldmounts shall be
6.8 POST WELD HEAT "REAT".
defined by the manufacturer. Welding and completed 6.8.1 Post weld heat treatment of components shall
welds shall meet the quality control requirements of be performed to the manufacturer's written procedures.
Section 6 of this specification. 6.8.2 Furnace post weld heat treatment shallbe per-
6.2.3. Weld repairs to manufacturer's designated pri- formed in equipment meetingthe requirements specified
mary pressure continuing membersshall be performed by the manufacturer.
in accordance with the manufacturer's written welding 6.8.3 Local post weld heat treatment shallconsist of
procedure. heating a band around the weld a t a temperature within
Welding and completed welds shall meet the require- the range specified in the qualified welding procedure
ment of Section 6 of this specification. specification."he minimum widthof the controlled band
adjacent to the weld, on the face of the greatest weld
6.2.4 Weld Surfacing (Overlay) (other than ring width, shall be the thickness of the [Link]
grooves) is intended for corrosion resistance and wear flame heating ispermitted providedthe flame is bamed
[Link] manufacturer shall use a written proce- to prevent direct impingement on the weld and base
dure that provides controls for consistently meeting the material.
manufacturer specified material surface properties in
the final machined condition. As a minimum this shall 6.9 WELDING PROCEDURE AND PERFOR-
includeinspectionmethods and acceptance criteria. MANCE [Link] weld procedures, weld-
Qualification shall be in accordance with ArticleII and ers andwelding operatorsshall be qualified in accordance
III ofASME Section M for corrosion resistant weld with the qualification and test methods of Section M,
metal overlay or hardfacing weldmetal overlay as ap- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code as amended be-
plicable. low.
6.3 WELDING [Link] shall be per- 6.9.1 Base Materials.
formed in accordancewith the WPS, qualified in the [Link] The manufacturer may use ASME Section
accordance with ArticleII of ASME Section M. The WPS M P number materials.
shall describe all theessential, non-essential and supple-
mentaryessentialvariables (see ASME Section IX). [Link] The manufacturer may establish an equiva-
Welders and welding operators shall have access to and lent P number (EP) grouping for low alloysteels not
shall comply with the welding parameters as defined in listed in ASME Section M with nominal carbon con-
the WPS. tent equal to or less than 0.35%.
Weld joint types and sizes shall meet the manufacturer's [Link] Low alloy steels not listed in ASME Section
design requirements. IX with a nominal carbon contentgreater than 0.35%

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 A P I SPEC*LbD 9 3 m 0732290 0504243 38T m

__ - Spec _ Control
~ 16D: . for D
_ Systems rilling Well
Control
Equipment 23
~ ~-
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~ " _
___
_

shall be specifically qualified for the manufacturer's rial Heat Affected Zone (HAZ).The root of the notch
specified base material. shall be oriented normal to the surface of the test
[Link] Qualification of a base material at a speci- weldment and located as follows:
fied strength level shall also qualifythat base material [Link].1 Weld Metal Specimens(3 each) shall be
at all lower strength levels. 100% weld metal.
5.9.2 Heat Treat Condition. All testing shall be [Link].2 HAZ Specimens (3 each) shall include
performed withthe testweldment in thepost weldheat as much HAZ material as possible.
treated condition. Post weldheat treatmentof the test [Link].3 When weld thickness of the product ie
weldment shall be according to the manufacturer's equal to or greater than 2 inches, impact testing as
written specifications. defined in 1.2.2 shall be performed on weld metal
6.9.3 Procedure Qualification Record. The PQR and HAZ material removedwithin V4 thickness from
shall record all essential and supplementary essential the root.
variables of the weld procedureused for the qualifica- 5.10.2 ASME Section M,Article II. Article II of ASME
tion test([Link] the WPS and the PQR shall be Section M applies with additions shown in this section.
maintained as records in accordance with the require-
ments of Section 6 of this specification. [Link] Heat Treatment. The post-weldheat treat-
ment of the test weldment and the production weld-
5.10 OTHER REQUIFtEMENTS. Article I of ASME ment shall be in the same range as that specified on
Section M applies with an optional addition in this sec- the W S .Allowable range for the post weldheat treat-
tion for impact testing. ment onthe WPS shall be a nominal temperature
5.10.1 Impact Testing. Fahrenheit degrees. The stress relieving heat treat-
ment($, time(s), at temperaturds) of production parta
[Link] When impacttesting is required by the base shall be equal to or greater than that of the test
material specification, the testing shallbe performed weldment.
in accordance withASTM A-370using the Charpy V-
Notch technique. Results of testing in the weld and [Link] Chemical Analysis. Chemical analysis of
base material HAZ shall meet the minimum require- the base materials for the test weldment shall be
ments of the base material. Records of results shall obtained fromthe supplier or by testing, and shall be
become part of the PQR. a part of the PQR.
[Link] When impacttesting is required of the base 5.10.3 ASME Section M,Article III, applies as writ-
material, one set of three (3) test specimens eachshall ten.
be removed at the U4 thickness location of the test 5.10.4 ASME Section M,Article IV, applies as writ-
weldment for eachof the weld metal and base mate- ten.

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 A PSI P E C * L b D 93 m 0732290 0504244 2Lb m

24 American Petroleum Institute

-

SECTION 6
QUALITY CONTROL
6.1 GENERAL. ”his specification covers the control [Link] Factory [Link] system subsystems
systems for drilling well control equipment. such as control panels, pumping systems, electrical
6.1.1 Measurement andTestingEquipment. Mea- power supplies, hese reels, etc., shall be individually
surement and testingequipment shall be identified with factory tested for compliance with these specifications.
the dateof calibration name, numberof identificationof A system factory test should be conducted using as
calibrator, and the expiration date of calibration or many of the integrated subsystems as practical.
calibration cycle. Quality control personnel shall witness all aspects of
Personnel using measurementand testingequipment the testing process. The test shall be conducted in
must be qualified to properly use such equipment and accordance with written procedures and shall verify
must apply its use in accordance with written proce- compliance to applicable API RP 16E Recommended
dures that require recording of the test results against Practices.
predetermined standards. When a subsystem is to be integrated with other
Damaged, defective and/or equipment which does not equipment whichis not suppliedby the manufacturer,
meet the calibration requirements shall not be used for or if other equipment is supplied at a different time,
verification of the quality requirements. the testprocedures shall specify all parameterswhich
can be measured in partial testto verify conformance
6.1.2 Personnel Qualifications. Quality assurancd to the specifications. The test shall be considered “in-
control personnelshall be qualifiedby relevant training process” and documentation shall be supplied to the
and experience. Verification of qualification in written purchaser which spells out final integrated test re-
record shall be maintained and available as audit may quirements.
demand.
Subsystems may be marked only if factory testing
Quality assurancdcontrol personnel shall have addi- ensures conformance to these specifications.
tionally received training and shall have demonstrated NOTE: Integrated “on site” tests shall be the respon-
a thorough understanding of the requirements and speci-
fications of the equipment,processes, and functions sibility of the purchaser andlor user and shall ensure
under their jurisdiction. performance complying with AF’I 16E Recommended
Practices.
6.1.3 Quality Control Requirements.
[Link] Receiving Inspection. Materials received
[Link] Organizatioflrocedures. Thequality into the manufacturing facility shall be inspected by
program shall adhere to procedures and guidelines quality control personnel to ensure conformance to
which shall be available in written form to all quality appropriate receiving documents and specifications.
personnel. Thequality program shall include aquality
manual approved by a responsibleofficer ofthe manu- Non-conforming materials shall be dispositioned in
facturing company. accordance with the manufacturer’s quality manual.
6.1.3.2QualityEngineering. Qualityassurance [Link] Shipping Inspection. Prior to any preser-
shall be involved with reviewingthe design, material vation, protection, or packing forstorage or shipment,
selection, specificationand documentation requirement the equipment shall be final inspected to ensurecom-
prior to issuance of engineering releases to manufac- pleteness and conformance to the requirements of the
turing. purchase specification. Particular attention shall en-
sure:
Quality assurance shall be on distribution list for
engineering releases and changeordersissued to 1. Correct finish
manufacturing. 2. Installation of tags, markings and/or instruction
Quality assuranceshall be onthe distribution list for plates
request for engineering changes. 3. Record of all serial numbered units
Quality assurance shall approve all standards, shop. 4. Correct configuration
procedures or processes which are stated and/or im-
plied as applicable to products being manufactured. 6. Installation dimensions and specifications
[Link] In-Process Inspection. Hold points shall 6. Weight
be established for various stages of fabrication and [Link] Vendor Surveys, Critical Components.
assembly during the manufacturing process, where Suppliers of critical materials shall be evaluated,
further fabricatiodassembly would preclude adequate selectedand controlled in accordance with the
inspection. In-process inspectionhold points shall not manufacturer’s quality manual.
be waived or violated.
[Link] Reporting. Quality Assurance shall inter-
Disassembly for inspection shall be considered re- nallyauditthemanufacturersengineeringand
work and subject to non-conformance reporting as a manufacturing process, procedures and activities to
procesdprocedure violation which shall be reported to ensure compliance with the requirements of the
a responsible officer of the manufacturing company. manufacturer‘s quality manual.

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 A P I SPEC*lbD 93 m 0732290 0504245 1 5 2 a

.~~~
~~ ~
~ -~
~- Spec 16D:Control Systeme for Drilling Well Control Equipment 25

6 2 QUALITY CONTROL RECORDS. API monogram (if applicable)

62.1 Records Maintainedby the Manufacturer. Manufacturera identificatiodmodel numbers
The following lista the minimum requirements for ap- 8. Design Data Book (if applicable)
plicable recordsto be maintained for a period of not less
than five years. 6.3 TYPE CERTIFICATION. Type certifications may
be used for commodity items, manufactured equipment
1. Material specifications and certifications andor components when the conformance to applicable
2 Hazardous area certifications specifications has been confirmed on a t least one unit of
the type and where other unita of the same type are
3. Hydrostatic test charts produced in the same manner, and in accordance with the
4. Performance test and measurements same specifications. Subsequent units of the accepted
type shall be periodically audited to ensure complianceto
6. Materialdcomponents list specifications.
6. Certificate of complianceto API 16D Specifications The intent of type certification is to reduce per item
7. Contract information including: documentation and testingfor high usage items and items
supplied for maintenance spares.
Customer name and purchase order number
Failure of a type certified item to conform to specifica-
Manufacturers serial number tions during periodic audit shall require the manufacturer
Ex-works delivery date to inform the known users of like equipment subsequent
to the lastaudit (inwriting), of the failure andof neces-
Destinationhtig name sary action to insure the integrity of the equipment.

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

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 26 Petroleum American Institute

SECTION 7
lMARKING
7.1 TEMPORARY MARRING. Materials received in 7.3 TRACEABILITY MARKING METHODS. Tem-
the manufacturer's facilities for use in products to be porary marking may bea f h e d by tags, adhesivelabels or
manufactured to AP1 16D specifications shall be tempo- painted on. Wheremarkings may interfere with machin-
rarily marked to identify them to traceable documenta ing, welding, etc., the operator may temporarily remove
when required. These markings shall be removed only the marking for the procedure providing the marking is
after a level of manufacturinghas been reached whereby afExed immediately upon completion of the procedure.
a permanentidentification can be a f i e d . A manufactur- Permanent markings maybe engraving, stamping,etch-
ing record shall be maintained by the permanent ing, castings, or metal deposit. These markings mustbe
identification listing all temporary markings that have permanentand visible after completeassembly. The
been removed. method of marking must takeinto consideration the in-
Materials that have been found to be non-conforming tegrity of the part inita intended application.
shall be temporarily marked with identification to the 7.4 MANUFACTURER'S IDENTIFICATION
non-conformancereport until such timethat thematerial MARKINGS. Manufacturers shalla f i at least one per-
has been dispostioned in accordance with an approved manent marking on each final assembly. Manufacturera
procedure. may affix other markings at their discretion.
7.2 PERMANENT MARKING. Permanent markings 7.5. EQUIPMENT NAME PLATE DATA The name
shall be aftixed in a manner to prevent them from being plate shall include informationas to model no.,name, and
covered byfurther assembly. Material which has been the volume requirements that the equipment is designed to
subject of non-conformance reporting shall be marked provide.
conspicuously showing identity of the non-conformance
report. Material requiring in-process inspectionand non- 7.6 OTHER MARKINGS. Marking requiredby certi-
destructive inspection shall be permanently marked and fication authorities shall be in accordancewith the
traceable to the inspection records. specifications of such authority.

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 A P I SPEC*LbD 9 3 m 07322900504247T25 m

~ ~ . ~ -- " .., SpeccD: Control Systems for Drilling Well Control

" Equipment 27

SECTION 8
STORING AND SHIPPING
8.1 PROTECTIONAND PRESERVATION. Prior to Content - (Sequence of presentation is optional.)
shipment, units and assemblies shall be substantially 1. Index - Table of Contents andlocation of infor-
drained of test fluid. As an exception, hydraulic umbili- mation.
cals may remain filled with fluid provided the contained
fluid description and anywarning of hazard or tempera- 2. Contract information consisting of:
ture isconspicuously displayedto shippers andhandlers.
The painting and color of finished surfaces shall be the
- Buyer's purchase order number
option of the manufacturer unless specified on the pur- - Supplier's identification number
chase order. All reasonable precautions shall be taken to - Supplier's contract information
prevent damagein transitto transparent surfaces, threads - Calendar month of delivery
or service entries, and operating parts. Exposed porta
shall be plugged. If extendedstorage of units and assem- - Warranty information
blies is anticipated, themanufacturer shall be consulted - scope of supply
for preservation measures to be employed.
3. Technical data (as applicable) consisting of:
8.2 PACKING. All lifting points or instructions shall
-Design calculationsin accordancewith Paragraph
be conspicuously displayed to shippers and handlers. 2.2.
Forexport shipment, units and assemblies shall be - Temperature ratings in accordance with Para-
securely crated or mounted on skids so as to prevent graph [Link].
damage and facilitate sling handling. All enclosedelectri-
cal and electronic housings shall have desiccant (or -Area classification,zone and gasgroup of electric
alternative) protection for a minimum of four months equipment in accordance with Paragraph3.1.4.3.
storage from date of shipment. 4. Safety precautions
8.3 IDENTIFICATION. Unit manufacturer's assem- 5. Installation, interface and testing data.
bly or serial number shall be displayed on weather-proof 6. Operating characteristics.
material rigidly attached to the unit. If the unit is en-
closed in sealed crating, the same information shall be 7. General maintenance data consisting of:
permanently painted on the exterior of the crate inaddi- -Recommended preventive maintenance and sched-
tion to attachment on the unit. ules.
8.4 INSTAUATION,OPERATIONAND MAINTE- - Recomended fluids, lubricants and capacities.
NANCE [Link] manufacturer of each - Recommended list of maintenance and critical
control system or subsystem shall furnishdocumentation spare parts.
essential to the installation,operation, and maintenance
of the equipment within themanufacturer's scope of sup- - Trouble shooting methods.
Ply. 8. Product specific maintenance data consisting of:
tL4.1 Form of Deliverable Documentation. The in- - Assembly drawings and Bills of Materials show-
stallation, operation and maintenance documentation ingidentificationandgenerallocation of
to meet this specification may include general product replaceable commodity items.
data and manuals aswell as product specific documen- - Electric, hydraulic and pneumatic schematics
tation. showing point-to-point connectionidentifications.
8.4.2 Content of Deliverable Documentation. A -Interconnect diagrams showing point-to-pointin-
minimum of two sets of the installation,operation and terconnections.
maintenance documentation shall be provided. One set 9. Glossary/Appendix listing general definitions of
shall be maintained by the manufacturer for a minimum terms used in the text and schematic symbols usedin
of one year after delivery. the support documentation.

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 A P I S P E C * I b D 9 3 W 0732290 0 5 0 4 2 4 8 961 M

28 American Petroleum Institute

SECTION 9
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
e
1. APIRP16ERecommended Practice forDesign of 4. AWS (American Welding Society) A2.4-86 Welding
Control Systems for Well Control Equipment, October 1, Symbols Chart.
1990.
5. ABS Standard.
2. API W14F Design and Installation of Electrical
Systems for Offshore ProductionPlatforms, July 1,1985. 6. ANSI Y32.10.
3. API RP 500 Recommended Practice for Classification
of Locationsfor Electrical Installations at Petroleum
Facilities, June 1, 1991.

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 A P I S P E C M L b D 9 3 W 0732290 0504249 & T B W

~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ____ -.
" .~ ControlEems for DrillingControl
Spec 16D:
I Well
Equipment 29

GLOSSARY
Accumulator. A pressure vessel chargedwith nitrogen Choke and Kill Valves. BOP stack mounted valves
gas and usedto store hydraulic fluid under pressurefor which are connected below the BOP'S to allow access to
operation of blowout preventers. the wellbore to either choke or kill the well.
Accumulator [Link] assemblage of multiple accu- Closed Loop Circuit. A hydraulic control circuit in
mulators sharing a common manifold. which spent fluid is returned to the reservoir.
Accumulator Recharge. An initial nitrogen charge Closing Unit (Closing System). See BOP ControlSya-
in anaccumulator whichis further compressed whenthe tem.
hydraulic fluid is pumped into the accumulator storing
potential energy. Commodity Item.A manufacturedproduct purchased
by the control system manufacturer for use in the con-
Acoustic Control System. A subsea control system struction of control systems for drilling well control
that uses coded acoustic signals for communications. An equipment.
acoustic control system is normally usedas an emergency
backup having control of a few selected critical functions. Control Fluid. Hydraulic oil or water based fluid which,
under pressure, pilota the operation of control valves or
Air Pump/Air Powered Pump. Air driven hydraulic directly operates functions.
piston pump.
Control Hose Bundle. A group of pilot andlor supply
Annular BOP (Blowout Preventer).A device with a and/orcontrolhosesassembled into a bundle usually
generally toroidalshaped steel-reinforced elastomer pack- covered with an outer protective sheath.
ing element that is hydraulically operated to close and
seal around anydrill pipe size or to provide full closure Control Line. A flexible hose or rigid line that trans-
of the wellbore. mits the hydraulic power fluid to a function.
Blind Ram BOP(Blowout Preventer). A BOP hav- Control Manifold. The assemblage of valves, regula-
ing rams which sealagainst each otherto close the wellbore tors, gages and piping used to regulate pressures and
in the absence of any pipe. control the flow of hydraulic power fluid to operate sys-
tem functions.
Block [Link] center position of a three-position
control valve Control Panel. An enclosure displaying an array of
Blowout. An uncontrolled flow of pressurized wellbore switches, push buttons, lights andlor valves and various
fluids. pressure gages ormeters to control or monitor functions.
Control paneltypes include: diverter panel; driller's panel;
BOP (Blowout Preventer). A device attached to the master panel; and mini or auxiliary remote panel. AU of
casing head that allows the well to be sealed to confine these panels are remote from the main hydraulic mani-
the well fluids in the wellbore. fold and canbe pneumatic, electricor hydraulicpowered.
BOP Closing Ratio (RamBOP). A dimensionless factor (a) Diverter Panel - A panel that isdedicated to the
equal to the area of the piston operator divided by area diverter and flowline system functions.
of the ram shaft.
(b) Driller's Panel - The BOP controlpanel mounted
BOP Control System. The system of pumps, valves,
lines, accumulators, fluidstorage and mixing equipment, near the driller's position on the rig floor.
manifold, piping, control panels and other items neces- (c) Master Panel (Hydraulic or Electric) - The panel
sary to hydraulically operated the BOP equipment. mounted in close proximity to the main accumulator
BOP Stack. The assembly of well control equipment unit. All control functions are operable from this panel
including BOPS, spools, valves,and nipples connected to including all regulators and gages.
the top of the casing head. (d) Mini or Auxiliary Remote Panel - A limited func-
BOP Stack Illaximum Rated Working Pressure. tion panel mounted in a remote location for use as an
The pressure containment ratingof the ram BOPS ina emergency backup. On an offshore rig it is normally
stack. In the event that the rams are rated at different located in thetool pusher's office, and on a land rig, at
pressures, the BOP Stack Maximum Rated Working Pres- least 100 feet from the well center on the leeward side
sure is considered equal to the lowest rated ram BOP of the prevailing wind.
pressure. In stacks which do not contain any ram BOP, Control Pod. The assemblage of valves and pressure
the BOP stack maximum rated wellbore pressure iscon- regulators which respond to control signals to direct
sidered equal to the lowest rated BOP pressure. hydraulicpower fluidthrough assigned porting to operate
Bumpless [Link] transfer from main electrical functions.
supplypower to an alternate electricalpowersupply Control Valve (Surface Control System). A valve
without losing signal and/ormemorycircuitnormally mounted onthe hydraulic manifold whichditects hydrau-
associated with power interruption. lic power fluid to the selected function (such as annular
Check Valve. A valve that allows flowthrough it inone BOPclose)while simultaneously venting the opposite
direction only. function (annular BOP open).
Choke Line. A high pressure line connected below a Control Valve (Subsea Control System). A pilot
BOP to transmit fluid flow to the choke manifold during operated valve in the subsea control pod that directa
well control operations. power fluid to operate a function.

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 A P I SPEC*LbD 93 W 0732290 0504250 5 L T W

30 American Petroleum Institute

Diverter. A device attached to the wellhead or marine Mixing System. A system that mixes a measured
riser to close the vertical flow path anddirect flow (typi- amount of water soluble lubricant and, optionally, glycol
cally shallow gas) into a vent line away from the rig. to feed water and delivers it to a storage tank or reser-
Electric Pump. An electrically drivenhydraulic pump, voir.
usually a 3 piston (triplex) pump. Multiplex. A system that uses electronic signals that
Electro Hydraulic (EH)System. A control system are coded and transmitted through conductor
a pair. This
that uses an electrical signal to activate a solenoid piloted eliminates the requirementof a dedicated conductorpair
hydraulic valve to operate a functionor to operate a for each required signal.
control valve which in turn operates a function. Non-Retrievable Control Pod.A pod that is fixed in
Factory Acceptance [Link] by a manufac- place on the LMRP and not retrievable.
turer of a particular product to validate ita conformance Pilot Fluid. Hydraulic controlfluid that isdedicated to
to performance specifications and ratings. the pilot supply system.
Function. Operation of a BOP, choke or kill valve or Pilot Line. A hydraulicline that transmits pilot fluid
other component, in one direction (example, closing the to a control valve. Pilot lines are normally grouped in a
blind rams is a function, opening the blind rams is a common bundle or umbilical.
separate function). Pilot Response Time. The time required to transmit
HAZ. Heat Mected Zone (pertains to welding). a step pressure change from oneend of a pilot line to the
Hose Bundle. See control hose bundle. other.
Hydraulic Connector.A mechanical connectorthat is Pipe Ram BOP. A hydraulically operated assembly
activated hydraulicallyand connect,sthe BOP stack t o the typically having two opposed ram assemblies that move
wellhead or the LMRP to the BOP stack. radially inward to close on pipe in thewellbore and seal
the annulus.
Hydraulic Supply Line. An auxiliary lineon a marine
drilling riser used for supplyof control system operating Pipe Rams. Rams whose ends are contoured to seal
fluid from the surface to the subsea BOP stack. around pipe to close the annular space.
Hydrophone. An underwater listening device that Pod. See Control Pod.
converts acoustic energy to electric signals. Potable Water. A watersupply that isacceptably pure
Interflow. The power control fluid lost (vented to the for human consumption. On an offshore rig, it is usually
sea) during the travel of the piston in acontrol pod valve. produced by watermakers and used as supply water for
mixing control fluid for a subsea control system.
Jumper. A segment of hose or cable used to make a
connection'such as a hose reel junctionbox to the control Power [Link] fluid dedicatedto the direct
manifold. operation of functions.
Junction Box (J-Box)(Electrical).An enclosure used PQR. Procedure Qualification Record (pertains to weld-
to house the termination points of electrical cables and ing).
components. May also contain electrical components re- Precharge. See Accumulator Precharge.
quired for system operation. Pressure Vessel. For BOP control systems, a pressure
Junction Box (J-Box)(Hydraulic or Pneumatic). A vessel is acontainer forthe containment of internal fluid
bolt-on plate having multiple stab-type terminal fittings pressure.
used for quick connection of the multi-hose bundle to a Ram BOP. A blowout preventer that uses ramsta seal
pod, hose reel or manifold. off pressure in the wellbore.
Kill Line.A high pressure line between the mud pumps Readback. An indication of a remote condition.
to a connection below a BOP. This line allows fluid to be
pumped into the well or annulus with the BOP closed Reel (Hose or Cable). A reel, usually power driven,
during well control operations. that stores, pays-out and takes-upumbilicals, either con-
trol hose bundles or electrical cables.
LMRP (Lower Marine Riser Package). The upper
section of a two-section subsea BOP stack consisting of Regulator (Pressure).A hydraulic devicethat reduces
the hydraulic connector,annular BOP, flexhall joint, riser upstream supply pressure to a desired (regulated) pres-
adapter, flexible choke and kill lines, and subsea control sure. It may be manual or remotely operated and, once
pods. This interfaces with the lower subsea BOP stack. set, will automatically maintain the regulated output
pressure unless reset to a different pressure.
Limit Switch. A hydraulic pneumatic or electrical
switch that indicates the motion or position of a device. Relief Valve.A device that isbuilt into a hydraulic or
pneumatic systemto relieve (dump) anyexcess pressure.
Manifold. An assemblage of pipe, valves, and fittings
by which fluid from one or more sources is selectively Remote Panel. See Control Panel.
directed to various systems or components. Reservoir. A storage tank for the BOP control system
Manipulator Valve.A three position directional con- fluid.
trol valve that has the pressure inlet port blockedand the Response [Link] time elapsed between activation
operator ports vented in the center position. of a function at any control panel andcomplete operation

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 A P I SPEC*LbD 93 W 0732290 0504251 456 W

~ ~ Spec 16D:Control Systems forWell

Equipment
Control
Drilling 31
~ ~"-__I""_

of the function. For subsea BOP stacks, a function is Stored Hydraulic Fluid Volume. The fluid volume
considered completed when the readback pressure gage recoverable from the accumulator system between the
recovers to ita nominal setting. maximum designed accumulatoroperating pressure and
Retrievable Control Pod. A subsea pod that is re- the precharge pressure.
trievable remotely on a wire line. Straight-Through Function. A subsea function that
Riser Connector (LMRPConnector). A hydrauli- is directly operated by a pilot signal without interface
cally operated connector that joins the LMRP to the top with a pod mounted pilotoperated control [Link]-
of the lower BOP stack. through functions typicallyrequire a low fluid volume to
operate and its response time is not critical.
Selector Valve. A three position directional control
valve that has the pressure inlet port blocked and the Qpe Certification Testing. Testing by a manufac-
operator ports blocked in the center position. turer of a representative specimen (or prototype) of a
Shear Ram BOP (Blowout h v e n t e r ) (Bhd/Shear product which qualifies the design and, therefore, vali-
Rams). R a m s having cutting blades that will shear dates the integrity of other productsof the same design,
tubulars that may be in the wellbore, whilethe ramsclose materials and manufacture.
and seal against the pressure below. Umbilical. A control hose bundle or electrical cable
Sheave. A wheel or rollers with a cross-section de- used to control subsea functions.
signed to allow a specific size of rope, cable, wire line or Usable Hydraulic [Link] hydraulicfluid volume
hose bundleto be routed aroundit at a fixed bendradius. recoverable h m the accumulator system between the
Normally used to change the direction of, and support, maximum designed accumulatoroperating pressure and
the line. the minimum operating pressure.
Shutoff Valve.A valve with two or more supply pres- Water Based Hydraulic fluid. A control liquid mix-
sure ports and only one outlet port. When fluid is flowing ture composed mainlyof water withadditives to provide
through one of the supply ports the internal shuttle seals lubricity, anti-foaming, anti-freeze,
antianasion and anti-
off the other inletport and allows flowto the outlet port bacterial characteristics.
only.
Solenoid Valve. An electrical coil operated valve which Wellhead Connector(Stack Connector). A hydrau-
controls a hydraulic or pneumatic function or signal. lically operated connector that joins the BOP stack to the
subsea wellhead.
Spent Fluid. Hydraulic control fluid that is vented
from a function control port when the opposite function (pertains to weld-
WPS. Welding Procedure Specification
is operated. ing)

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 A P I S P E C * l b D 9 3 H 0732290 0 5 0 4 2 5 2 392

32 Petroleum American Institute

SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS
Y. 32.10
NOTE: GRAPHIC SYMBOLS FOR FLUID POWER DIAGRAMS BASED ON ANSI

: MainLines Check Valve (freeflow is from

left to right)
: HydraulicLines
Pilot OperatedCheck Valve
>-S-, : Pneumatic
Lines (pilot to open)

---

+
: PilotLines (dashes)
Pilot OperatedCheck Valve
(pilot to close)
""9
: Drain Lines (dotted)

+
: Lines Crossing (not Connected)

8 Compressor, FixedDisplace-
ment, Pneumatic

8
: Lines Crossing (alternate)

Motor, Uni-Directional,
Pneumatic

: Lines Connected

x-
I
U

L L
: Connected to Reservoir (above
fluid level)

: Connected to Reservoir (below

fluid level)
8 lol
Motor, Bi-Directional,
Pneumatic

+
: Plugged
Port Internal Combustion Engine

: Filter or Strainer

o Pressure Gauge

U : Lubricator Without Drain

o
W
Temperature Gauge

Flow Rate Flowmeter

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 A P I SPEC*:LbD 9 3 m 0732290 0504253 229 m

--~-
-
-- -_
-_
--
- Spec
--
- 16D: Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment
- 33

o
m _

: Receiver. Air or Gas

+i+
o
: Shuttle Valve

++ : QuickDisconnect,Connected
: Pump, Hydraulic, Uni-
Directional, Fixed
Displacement

Q
: QuickDisconnect,
Disconnected
: Pump, Hydraulic, Bi-
Directional, Fixed

-ò>+<m- Displacement

"I*
Quick Disconnect,with Check
Valve, Connected

: Quick Disconnect. with Check : VariableDisplacement

Valve, Disconnected Hydraulic Pump,
Uni-Directional

--W- : Manual
Shut Off Valve,
Normally Open

"M" : Manual
Shut Off Valve.

4
Normally Closed
W
: Orifice, Fixed : Variable Displacement, Bi-
n Directional Hydraulic Pump

* : AdjustableOrifice

4
3 : Electrichlotor

o : Hydraulic Motor Fixed Dis-

placement, Uni-Directional

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 .- -

API S P E C * l b D 93 0732290 0504254 Lb5 W

o
34 Petroleum American Institute

: Hydraulic Motor, Fixed Dis-

placement Bi-Directional
D : PushButtonOperator

3 : Foot Pedal Operator

: Hydraulic Motor Variable Dis-

placement, Uni-Directional

x : MechanicalOperator

m
1
: Hydraulic Motor, Variable : Two Position Detent
Displacement, Bi-Directional

1
I+ : PneumaticPilot

: Air Operated Variable Dis

placement Uni-Directional
Hydraulic Pump 1
$- : Hydraulic
Pilot

: Electric Motor
Driven, Fixed
Displacement Uni-
D : Solenoid Operator

Directional
Hydraulic Pump

3 : Spring

LI : ManualOperator

77” : Lever Operator

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 API S P E C a l b D 93 0732290 0504255 OT1 m

Spec 16D Control Syatama for hilling Well Control Equipment 35

: 3 Position, Double Air Pilot Operated, Spring Centered

: 3 Position, Manual Operated, Spring Centered

: 3 Position, Double Air PilcIt Oper2tted, with Manual Override,

Detented, Valve

: Relief Valve, Remote Pilot Set, Vented to Atmosphere

: 4 Way, 3 Position, Manual Operated, Spring Centered, Center

Position, All ports Blocked

: 4 Way, 3 Position, Pilot Cylinder Operated with Manual Over-

ride, Detented, Pressure Blocked, Cylinders Ventedto
Ambient In The CenterPosition, Valve

: 4 Way, 3 Position, Solenoid Operated, Spring Centered,Pres-

sure Connected To Return, Cylinder PortsBlocked, Valve

: Two Way Manual Operated, Detented Valve (shown in the

closed position)

: Two Way, Push Button Operated, Spring Return, Normalb

Close Valve

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 API SPECvlbD 93 0732290 0504256 T38 m

36 Petroleum American Institute

: Two Way, Manual Operated, Spring Return NormallyOpen

Valve

: 3 Way, Pneumatic Pilot Operated, Spring Return, Normally

Closed Valve (fluid vents to ambient)

: 3 Way Solenoid Operated, Spring Return, Normally Open

Valve (fluid ventis connected to reservoir)

: 4 Way, Two Position, Hydraulic Pilot Operated with Manual

Override, Detented Valve (fluid vent is connected to reservoir)

: Regulator, Manual Set, Non-Relieving

: Regulator, Manual Set, Relieving Type(fluid vented to ambient

: Regulator, Air Pilot Operated, Relieving (fluid vent connected to reservoir)

: Regulator, Hydraulic Pilot Operated, Relieving (fluid vented to ambient)

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 A P I S P E C * l b D 9 3 W 0732290 0504257 974 m

-"
.. " Spec 16D: Control
~"
Control
Well
Drilling
Systems for Equipment 37

: Relief Valve. Non Adjustable, (vent connected to reservoir)

: Relief Valve, Adjustable (vented to ambient)

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 A P I SPEC*KLbD 9 3 m 0732290 0504258 800 m

38 Petroleum American Institute

APPENDIX I
CONTROL SYSTEM OPERATING AND INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS
FORSURFACEBOPSTACK

REGULATORY AGENCY COMPLIANCE REQUIRED YES NO

REGULATORY
AGENCY@) MMS DEN- NPD OTHER

STACK BOP
PRESSURE - SIZE
WORKING
STACK BOP - RAMS ANNULARS VALVES
- VALVES FAILSAFE
FAILSAFE
OPEN
CLOSE
ANNULAR BOI
-QUANTITY- SIZE WORKING PRESSURE
MANUFACTURER MODEL

RAM BOPS PRESSURE

WORKING
QUANTITY
SIZE
RAM LOCKS YES-NO TYPE
CLOSING RATIO
SHEAR
GRADE RAM SIZE,
TYPE, OPERATING
PRESSURE
PIPE TO S H E A R
MANUFACTURER MODEL

CHOKE VALVE(S) REQUIRED-SIZE WORKING

PRESSURE
OPERATING
PRESSURE
(AGAINST
WORKING
PRESSURE):
OPENCLOSE
MANUFACTURER MODEL

KILL VALVE(S) WORKING

PRESSURE
QUANTITY
SIZE
MANUFACTURER MODEL

HYDRAULIC PUMP SYSTEMS

ELECTRIC
POWERED
QUANTITY
WORKING
SIZE
PRESSURE

AIR POWERED QUANTITY- SIZE WORKING

PRESSURE

REMOTE PANEUS) QUANTITY AREA CLASSIFICATION

LOCATION OF CHOKE CONNECTION(S) (To Show on Panel Graphic)

LOCATION OF KILL CONNECTION(S) (To Show on Panel Graphic)

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 A P I S P E C * l b D 73 0732270 0504257 7g7 W

~~ ~ - ~. ~~ "
Spec 16D: Control Systems forWell
Equipment
Control
Drilling 39

SURFACE STACK HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROL FUNCTION LIST

(SELECT AS APPLICABLE)

NO. CONTROL FUNCTION 2 POS.

GALLONS REQUIRED

1 ANNULARBOP CLOSE OPEN "

2 UPPER PIPE RAMS CLOSE OPEN "

3 MIDDLE PIPE RAMS CLOSE OPEN "

4 LOWER PIPE RAMS CLOSE OPEN "

5 CHOKF,
VALVE CLOSE OPEN "

6 KILLVALVE CLOSE OPEN "

DIVERTER SYSTEM HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROL FUNCTION LIST

(SELECT AS APPLICABLE)

DIVERTER MODEL SIZE WOFWING PRESSURE

NO. CONTROL FUNCTION 2 POS.

GALLONS REQUIRED

EN UNIT
1 DIVERTER "

STARBOARD 2 PORTFLOW SELECTOR

OPEN 3 VENTVALVE "

4
OVERBOARD
VALVEPORT CLOSEOPEN "

5 STARBOARD
OVERBOARD
VALVE CLOSE
OPEN "

6 I ? L O I ~ I mVALVE CLOSE OPEN "

7 DIVERTER LOCKDOWN DOGS UNLATCH LATCH

8 INSERT PACKER LOCKDOWN DOGS
UNLATCH LATCH
9 FLOWLINE SEAL VENT
ENERGIZE "

OPEN VALVE 10
LINE FILLING "

11 OVERSHOT
PACKf3R SEAL ENERGIZE
VENT "

12 OTHER (SPECIFY) (SPECIFY)

(SPECIFY) --

NOTE WHICH FUNCTIONS (IF Ah

V ARE TO BE INTERCONNECTED FOR SEQUENCING.

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 . - ~~

A P I S P E C * l b D 73 m 0732290 0 5 0 4 2 b 0 469 m

40 Petroleum American Institute

APPENDIX II
CONTROL OPERATING AND INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS
SUBSEA BOP STACK

REGULATORY AGENCY COMPLIANCE REQUIRED YES NO

REGULATORY
AGENCY(S) S
" DEN NPD OTHER

CONTROL
TYPE
SYSTEM - HYDRAULIC EH MUX
"UM HYDRAULIC
DEPTH
WATER
OPERATING
PRESSURE

STACK
BOP - SIZE WORKING
PRESSURE
-
RAMBOP'S ANNULAR
VALVES
FAILSAFE
BOP'S
-
VALVES ARE FSO , FSC , FA0 ,FAC
SUBSEA UMBILICAIS
MANUFACTURER

SUBSEA HYDRAULIC SUPPLY LINES

UMBILICAL
HOSE QUANTITY- WORKING
PRESSURE
SIZE
HOSE
SUPPLY QUANTITY-PRESSURE
WORKING
SIZE
CONDUIT
RIGID QUANTITY- WORKING
PRESSURE
SIZE

ANNULAR BORS) QUANTITY

PRESSURE
WORKING
SIZE
MANUFACTURER MODEL
RAM BOPS QUANTITY-SIZE PRESSURE
WORKING
RAM LOCKS TYPE
YES NO
CLOSING RATIO
MANUFACTURER MODEL

RISER CONNECTOR SIZE PRESSURE

WORKING
MANUFACTURER MODEL .
WELLHEAD CONNECTOR SIZE PRESSURE
WORKING
MANUFACTURER MODEL

CHOKE VALVE(S) QUANTITY- WORKING

PRESSURE
SIZE
MANUFACTURER MODEL
CHOKE OUTLET LOCATION(S)

VALVE(S)
KILL QUANTITY- SIZE WORKING
PRESSURE
MANUFACTURER MODEL
KILL OUTLET LOCATION(S)
LMRP ACCUMULATORS
QUANTITY SIZEBANKS
PRESSURE
WORKING

BOP ACCUMULATORS
SIZE QUANTITY BANKS
PRESSURE
WORKING
HYDRAULIC PUMP SYSTEMS
ELECTRIC
POWERED QUANTI'IY-
SIZE WORKING
PRESSURE
AIR POWERED QUANTITY- SIZE PRESSURE
WORKING

REMOTE PANELS
HAZARDOUS LOCATION QUANTITY AREA CLASSIFICATION
SAFE LOCATION QUANTITY

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 A P I S P E C r l b D 9 3 W 0732290 0504263 3T5 W

-
-~____ Spec 16D:ControlSyskms for Drilling Well Control Equipment 41
-~ ~ ~~ -. ~

SUBSEA STACK HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROL FUNCTION LIST

(SELECT AS APPLICABLE)

NO. CONTROL FUNCTION GALLDNS POS

1 POD SELECT BLUE YELLOW 3

2 UPPER ANNULAR BOP OPEN CLOSE 3
3 LOWER ANNCTLAR BOP OPEN CLOSE 3
4 RISER CONNECTOR UNLOCK LOCK 3
5 RISER CONNECTOR
SECONDARY UNLOCK VENT 2
6 UPPER PIPE RAMS OPEN CLOSE 3
7 SHEAR RAMS OPEN CLOSE 3
8 HIGH PRESSURE SHEAR RAMS CLOSE 1
9 UPPER MIDDLE PIPE W l S OPEN CLOSE 3
10 LOWER MIDDLE PIPE RAMS OPEN CLOSE 3
11 BOTTOM PIPE RAMS OPEN CLOSE 3
12 WELTAIEAD CONNECTOR UfTOCK TACK 3
13 WELLHEAD CONNECTOR
SECONDARY UNLOCK VENT 2
14 POD LATCH LATCH UNLATCH 2
15 BLUE HYDRAULIC STABS EXTEND RETRACT 3

16 YELLOW HYDRAULIC STABS EXTEND RETRAm 3

17 CHOKE & KILL STABS EXTEND RETRAm 3
18 ANNULAR BOP OUTER CHOKE OPEN CLOSE 2
19 ANNULAR BOP INNER CHOKE OPEN CLOSE 2
20 LMRP CHOKE &
KILL TEST VALVE CLOSE OPEN 2
21 UPPER OUTER CHOKE OPEN CLOSE 2
22 UPPER INNER CHOKE OPEN CLOSE 2
23 LOWER OUTER CHOKE OPEN CLOSE 2
24 LOWER INNER CHOKE OPEN CLOSE 2
25 UPPER OUTER KILL OPEN CLOSE 2
26 UPPER INNXR KILL OPEN CLOSE 2
27 LOWER OUTER KILL OPEN CLOSE 2
28 LOWER INNER KILL OPEN CLOSE 2

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 42 American Petroleum Institute

SUBSEA STACK HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROL FUNCTION LIST

(SELECT As APPLICABLE)

NO. CONTROL FUNCTION POS

29 SHEAR RAMS WEDGELOCKS LOCK UNLOCK 2

30 UPPER RAMS WEDGELOCKS LOCK UNLOCK 2
31 UPPER MIDDLE RAMS
WEDGELOCKS LOCK UNLOCK 2
32 LOWER MIDDLE RAMS
WEDGELOCKS LOCK UNLOCK 2
33 BOTTOM RAMS WEDGELOCKS LOCK UNLOCK 2
34 BLUE SUPPLY PILOT CHECK VENT CHECK 2
35 YELLOW SUPPLY PILOT
CHECK VENT CHECK 2
36 LMRP ACCUM ISOLATOR OPEN CLOSE 2
37 LOWER STACK ACCUM
ISOLATOR OPEN CLOSE 2
38 LMRP FAILSAFE SUPPLY OPEN CLOSE 2
39 LOWER STACK FALSAFE
SUPPLY OPEN CLOSE 2
40 ACOUSTIC ACCUM ISOLATOR OPEN CLOSE 2
41 SUBSEA MANIFOLD
REGULATOR INCR DECR 2
42 FAILSAFE ASSIST
REGULATOR INCR DECR 2
43 UPPER ANNULAR BOP
REGULATOR INCR DECR 2
44 LOWER ANNULAR BOP
REGULATOR INCR DECR 2

HOSE REEL "LIVE" FUNCTIONS

1
2
3

ACOUSTIC FUNCTIONS

1
2
3
4

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 API S P E C * l b D 9 3 m 0732290 0504263 L78 m

Spec 16D:Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment 43

- ~~ - I." . .

SUBSEA STACK HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM READBACK FUNCTION LIST

(SELECT AS APPLICABLE)

NO. READBACK FUNCTION REQ-

1 SURFACE ACCUMULATOR SUPPLY PRESSURE
2 SURFACE PILOT SUPPLY PRESSURE
3 RIG AIR SUPPLY PRESSURE
4 SUBSEA MANIFOLD REGULATOR PILOT PRESS
5 SUBSEA MANIFOLD REGULATED PRESSURE
6 FAILSAFE ASSIST REGULATOR PILQT PRESS
7 FAIISAFE ASSIST REGULA'I'ED PRESSURE
8 UPPER ANNULAR BOP REGULATOR PILOTPRESS
9 UPPER ANNULAR BOP REGULATED PRESSURE
10 LOWER ANNULAR BOP REGULATOR PILOT PRESS
11 LOWER ANNULAR BOP REGULATED PRESSURE

NO. CONTROL FUNCTION 2 POS.

1 DJYERTER UNIT OPEN CLOSE

2 FLOW SELECTOR PORT STARBOARD
3 DJYERTER LOCKDOWN LATCH UNUTCH
4 VENTVALVE OPEN CLOSE
5 PORT OVERBOARD VALVE OPEN CLOSE
6 STARBOARD OVERBOARD
VALVE OPEN CLOSE
7 FLOWLINT VALVE OPEN CLOSE
8 INSERT PACKER
LOCKDOWN DOGS LATCH UNLATCH
9 FLO\vLINE SEAL ENERGIZE VENT
10 FILLING LINE VALVE OPEN CLOSE
11 BALL JOINT PRESSURE RANGE
12 OVERSHOP PACKER Eh'ERGIZE VENT
13 "RIP TANK OPEN CLOSE
14 SUPPORT RING OPEN CLOSE
15 OTHER (SPECIFY)

NOTE WHICH FUNCTIONS (IF ANY) ARE TO BE INTERCONNECTED FOR SEQUENCING.

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 A P I SPECSKLbD 9 3 0732290 0504264 O04

Order No. 811-07243

Additional copies availablefrom

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
Publications and Distribution Section
1220 L Street, NW
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 682-8375

COPYRIGHT American Petroleum Institute

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