WRITTEN REPORT
IN
TEACHING SCIENCE IN PRIMARY GRADES
BASIC SCIENCE PROCESSES
(CONTINUATION)
1. MEASURING- Using both non-standard and standard measures or
estimates to describe the dimensions of an object or event. In
measurement, there are always two objects being compared.
- The skill of determining a property of an object or event by
comparing it with a standard unit using tools like rulers, scales,
or thermometer.
7 TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS
• LENGTH- METER (m)
Example: Measuring distance or height (e.g., 5 meters, 10 feet)
•TIME- SECOND (s)
Example: Measuring duration (e.g., 5 seconds, 1 hour)
•AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE- MOLE (mol)
Example: Measuring quantity of a substance (e.g., 2 moles of carbon)
•ELECTRIC CURRENT- AMPERE (a)
Example:Measuring flow of electric charge (e.g., 5 amps)
•TEMPERATURE- KELVIN (k)
Example: Measuring thermal energy (e.g., 25°C, 77°F)
•LUMINOUS INTENSITY- CANDELA (cd)
Example:Measuring light intensity (e.g., 100 candelas)
•MASS- KILOGRAM (kg)
Example:Measuring amount of matter (e.g., 5 kilograms, 10 pounds)
2. PREDICTING- To state the outcomes of a future event based on a
pattern of evidence. First is an observation shall be made.
TYPES OF PREDICTION
• INTERPOLATION: This involves using observed data to make an
educated guess about something that falls between already collected
data points.
EXAMPLE: If you have data on temperatures from 10°C to 30°C,
interpolating the temperature at 20°C.
•EXTRAPOLATION: this involves using patterns to forecast an event or
outcome that goes beyond the observed data.
Example:If you have data on temperatures from 10°C to 30°C,
extrapolating the temperature at 40°C.
HOW PREDICTION WORKS IN SCIENCE:
1. OBSERVATION
2. PATTERN IDENTIFICATION
3. INFERENCE
4. FORECASTING
IMPORTANCE OF PREDICTION
•TESTING HYPOTHESIS
•APPLYING KNOWLEDGE
•CINFIDENCE BUILDING
3. INFERRING- Making an educational guess about an object based on
previously gathered data or information. Inference is also based on
observation.
- The skill of forming a logical interpretation or explanation of an
observation by using prior knowledge and experience.
Example: You walk into a room and see that the lights are on,
and there’s a cup of hot coffee on the table. You *infer* that
someone is likely in the house or was recently there.
HOW INFERRING WORKS:
1. OBSERVATION
2. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
3. INTERPRETATION
*Differences*
1. *Predicting*: Forecasting future events or outcomes based on patterns,
trends, or data.
Example: Predicting tomorrow’s weather based on current trends.
2. *Inferring*: Drawing conclusions or making educated guesses about a
situation based on available evidence or data.
Example: Inferring someone’s occupation based on their attire and behavior.
*Similarities*
1. *Both involve making educated guesses*: Predicting and inferring both
rely on available information to make logical conclusions.
2. *Use of evidence or data*: Both predicting and inferring use evidence or
data to support their conclusions.
3. *Uncertainty involved*: Both predicting and inferring involve some level of
uncertainty, as the conclusions drawn may not always be 100% accurate.
While predicting focuses on future events, inferring focuses on current or
past situations!
SUBMITTED BY: GROUP 3
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