SLAB CULVERT DESIGN EXAMPLE

-MT25CE001 (H Vanlalthlani)
-MT25CE002 (C Lalchhanchhuaha)
-MT25CE003 (C Lalrinmawia)
Q. Design a reinforced concrete slab culvert for the following requirements:

 Clear span= 5 m  Thickness of wearing coat= 80 mm

 Width of supports= 400 mm  Load= Class A vehicle
 Clear width of roadways= 6.8 m  Grade of concrete = M20
 Width of kerbs= 600 mm  Grade of Steel= Fe415

Soln.

I. DATA
 Clear span= 5 m  Thickness of wearing coat= 0.08 mm
 Width of supports= 0.4 mm  fck= 20 N/mm2
 Clear width of roadways= 6.8 m  fy= 415 N/mm2
 Width of kerbs= 0.6 mm

II. DIMENSIONS
Overall width of culvert = Clear width + 2(kerb width)
= 6.8 + 2 × 0.6
=8m
Assume overall thickness = 450 mm
Effec ve cover = 50 mm
Effec ve depth = 450 - 50 = 400 mm

Effec ve span will be lesser value of:

(a) Clear span + effec ve depth = 5 + 0.4 = 5.4 m
(b) Centre to centre distance between supports = 5 + 0.4 = 5.4

Therefore, effec ve span = 5.4 m

III. STRESS PARAMETERS

𝜎 = 7 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝜎 = 190 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
280 280
𝑚= = = 13
3𝜎 3×7
𝑚𝜎 13 × 7
𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝐴, 𝑛= = = 0.32
𝑚𝜎 + 𝜎 13 × 7 + 190
.
𝑗 =1− = 1− = 0.89

1 1
𝐾= 𝜎 𝑛𝑗 = × 7 × 0.32 × 0.89 = 0.997 = 1
2 2
 IV. DEAD LOADS
(i) DL of slab = 0.4 × 25 = 10 kN/m2
(ii) DL of wearing coat = 0.08 × 22 = 1.76 kN/m2
Total DL = 10+ 1.76 = 11.76 kN/m2
Factored DL= 1.5 × 11.76 = 17.64 kN/m2
. ×( . )
Bending Moment due to DL, MDL = = = 64.29 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏

V. LIVE LOADS
Our carriageway width is 6.8 m. It is more than 1.8×2+3 = 6.6 m. Therefore, it is a two-lane culvert.
Minimum clearance ‘g’ for carriageway widths more than 6.1 m is 1.2 m. Therefore, g=1.2 m
Width of contact area of wheels, w = 0.5 m
Distance between wheels = g + w = 1.2 + 0.5 = 1.7 m
Minimum distance of wheel from curb should be 0.15 m (as per IRC-6)
.
Therefore, minimum distance of centre of wheel from kerb = 0.15 + = 0.4 m

Effec ve width calcula on

𝑏 = 𝛼𝑎 1 − + 𝑏

𝑙 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 5.4 𝑚

𝑎 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑑 = 2.7 − 0.6 = 2.1 𝑚

= .
= 1.5

α = 2.84 (𝐼𝑅𝐶 21, 𝑃𝑔 53)

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑦𝑟𝑒 + 2 × 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑡
= 0.5 + 2 × 0.08 = 0.66 𝑚
.
Therefore, 𝑏 = 2.84 × 2.1 1 − .
+ 0.66 = 4.3 𝑚

Hence, effec ve width for heavy vehicles overlaps and all four wheel loads will be considered as ac ng on
effec ve width = 0.6 + 0.4 + 1.8 + 1.7 + 1.8 + 1.1 + 0.6 = 8 m
 × .
Load per m width of slab = = 2.85 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑠 = 28.5 𝑘𝑁

Along the span, effec ve length on which load acts = tyre contact area + 2 × (thickness of wearing coat +
thickness of slab)

Effec ve length = 250 + 2 (80+450) = 1310 mm = 1.31 m

But distance between wheels = 1.2 m

. ×
𝑅 = = 28.5 𝑘𝑁
. .
𝑈𝐷𝐿 = . .
= 23.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
. .
Max. Moment at centre of span = 𝑅 × − 23.75 × 1.2 × = 59.85 𝑘𝑁𝑚
. .
Impact factor = = .
= 0.4 (IRC 6, Pg 31)

BM due to impact = 0.4 × 59.86 = 23.94 kNm

Therefore, total BM = MDL + MLL + Mimpact

= 63.11 + 59.85 + 23.94 = 148.08 kNm

VI. DESIGN OF SECTION

(a) Main steel
𝑀 = 𝐾𝑏𝑑
148.08 × 10 = 1 × 1000 × 𝑑
𝑑 = 384 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑑

Hence, it is safe.
. ×
𝐴 = = × . ×
= 2189.24 𝑚𝑚

Provide 20 mm dia. bars,

( )
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = .
× 1000 = 143.5 𝑚𝑚

Therefore, provide 20 mm ɸ bars @ 140 mm c/c.

(b) Distribu on steel

As per IRC, 𝑀 = 30% 𝑀 + 20% 𝑀
𝑀 = 0.3 (59.85 + 23.94) + 0.2(64.29) = 38 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀 38 × 10
𝐴 = = = 561.79 𝑚𝑚
𝜎 𝑗𝑑 190 × 0.89 × 400
 Use 12 mm ɸ bars,
𝜋
(12)
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 × 1000 = 201.32 𝑚𝑚
561.79
Therefore, provide 12 mm ɸ bars @ 200 mm c/c.

VII. CHECK FOR SHEAR

. × .
SF due to DL, VDL = = = 47.63 𝑘𝑁
Maximum SF due to LL will be when load is near support.

Σ𝑀 = 0
𝑅 × 5.4 − 23.75 × 2.4 × (5.4 − 1.2) = 0
𝑅 = 44.33 𝑘𝑁
Maximum SF due to impact = 0.4 × 44.33 = 17.73 kN

So, total SF, Vu= 47.63 + 44.33 + 17.73 = 109.69 kN

. ×
𝜏 = = ×
= 0.27𝑁/𝑚𝑚

× ×
Pt = 100 = ×
= 0.56

From IS 456, Table 19, τc = 0.49 N/mm2

Since 𝜏 < 𝜏 design is safe in shear. No shear reinforcement required.

VIII. DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT

Cross-sec on
 Longitudinal sec on

IX. DESIGN OF KERBS

Let height of kerb above road surface be 250 mm.

Total height of kerb = 450 + 80 + 250 = 780 mm

Taking effec ve cover to be 50 mm, effec ve depth = 730 mm

Loads on kerb

(i) Self-weight of kerb = 25 × 0.78 × 0.6 = 11.7 kN/m

(ii) Live load = 4 × 0.6 = 2.4 kN/m2 (LL assumed to be 4 kN/m2)
(iii) Weight of railing = 0.6 kN/m (assump on)
Total load = 14.7 kN/m
. × . × .
BM = = = 53.58 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀 53.58 × 10
𝐴 = = = 434.05 𝑚𝑚
𝜎 𝑗𝑑 190 × 0.89 × 730

Use 16 mm dia. bars,

.
Number of bars = = 2.16 = 3 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
×( )
Therefore, provide 3- 16 mm ɸ bars at the bo om of the kerb.

Design for horizontal force

Assume a horizontal load of 7.5 kN/m.

Can lever span = 780 – 450 = 330 mm

Therefore, moment = 7.5 × 0.33 = 2.475 kNm

Effec ve depth = 600 – 50 = 550 mm

𝑀 2.475 × 10
𝐴 = = = 26.61 𝑚𝑚
𝜎 𝑗𝑑 190 × 0.89 × 550

Provide 8 mm ɸ ver cal s rrups @ 200 mm c/c.

Also, to hold/support the s rrups, place two 12 mm ɸ bars at the top.