Solutions: Chapter 4 Percents
Section A: Multiple Choice Solutions
1. Answer: c) 85%
○ Convert $\frac{17}{20}$ to a denominator of 100.
○ $\frac{17 \times 5}{20 \times 5} = \frac{85}{100} = 85\%$.
2. Answer: b) 0.06
○ To convert percent to decimal, divide by 100 (move decimal 2 places left).
○ $6\% = 0.06$.
3. Answer: a) 9
○ $15\% = 0.15$.
○ $0.15 \times 60 = 9$.
4. Answer: b) 42%, 0.45, 1/2
○ Convert all to decimals:
■ $42\% = 0.42$
■ $0.45 = 0.45$
■ $\frac{1}{2} = 0.50$
○ Order: $0.42 < 0.45 < 0.50$.
5. Answer: c) 40
○ Equation: $0.30 \times x = 12$.
○ $x = 12 \div 0.30 = 40$.
6. Answer: b) 125%
○ To convert decimal to percent, multiply by 100.
○ $1.25 \times 100 = 125\%$.
7. Answer: a) 70%
○ $\frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Whole}} = \frac{35}{50}$.
○ $\frac{35 \times 2}{50 \times 2} = \frac{70}{100} = 70\%$.
8. Answer: b) 9/20
○ $45\% = \frac{45}{100}$.
○ Simplify by dividing by 5: $\frac{9}{20}$.
9. Answer: b) $10
○ $25\%$ of $40$.
○ $0.25 \times 40 = 10$.
10.Answer: c) 0.005
○ Move decimal 2 places left: $0.005$.
11.Answer: a) 2/3
○ $\frac{2}{3} \approx 0.666...$ or $66.6\%$.
○ $60\% = 0.60$.
○ $0.66... > 0.60$.
12.Answer: b) Per 100
13.Answer: c) 10
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○ $200\% = 2$.
○ $2 \times 5 = 10$.
14.Answer: b) 18
○ $0.90 \times 20 = 18$.
15.Answer: c) 25%
○ $\frac{20}{80} = \frac{1}{4}$.
○ $\frac{1}{4} = 0.25 = 25\%$.
Section B: Short Answer Solutions
16. Write 64% as simplified fraction
● $\frac{64}{100}$. Divide both by 4.
● $\frac{16}{25}$.
17. Convert 3/8 to percent
● Divide 3 by 8: $3 \div 8 = 0.375$.
● Convert to percent: $37.5\%$.
18. Find 40% of 120
● $0.40 \times 120 = 48$.
19. 45 is 75% of what number?
● $\text{Part} = 45$, $\text{Percent} = 75\%$ or $0.75$.
● $\text{Whole} = 45 \div 0.75$.
● $4500 \div 75 = 60$.
20. Write 240% as decimal and mixed number
● Decimal: $2.4$.
● Mixed Number: $\frac{240}{100} = 2 \frac{40}{100} = 2 \frac{2}{5}$.
21. Order greatest to least: 1.1, 15%, 4/5
● $1.1 = 1.10$.
● $15\% = 0.15$.
● $\frac{4}{5} = 0.80$.
● Order: $1.1, \frac{4}{5}, 15\%$.
22. 15% tip on $50
● $0.15 \times 50 = 7.5$.
● Tip: $\$7.50$.
23. Percent vowels in SCHOOL
● Vowels: O, O (2 letters).
● Total letters: 6.
● Fraction: $\frac{2}{6} = \frac{1}{3}$.
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● Percent: $33.33...\%$.
24. If 8% is 24, find number
● $0.08 \times n = 24$.
● $n = 24 \div 0.08 = 2400 \div 8 = 300$.
25. Compare 0.09 and 9%
● $9\% = 0.09$.
● Answer: Equal ($=$).
26. Tank 40% full of 50 gallons
● $0.40 \times 50 = 20$ gallons.
27. Write 0.004 as percent
● Move decimal 2 places right: $0.4\%$.
28. 7 is what percent of 20?
● $\frac{7}{20}$. Multiply by 5/5 to get 100 denom.
● $\frac{35}{100} = 35\%$.
29. Marbles (11 red out of 25)
● $\frac{11}{25}$. Multiply by 4/4.
● $\frac{44}{100} = 44\%$.
30. Ratio 15:100
● Fraction: $\frac{15}{100} = \frac{3}{20}$.
● Percent: $15\%$.
Section C: Long Answer Solutions
31. Shopping ($80 jacket, 20% off)
● a) Discount: $0.20 \times 80 = \$16$.
● b) Sale Price: $80 - 16 = \$64$.
32. Test Scores
● Liam: $\frac{21}{25} = \frac{84}{100} = 84\%$.
● Emma: $82\%$.
● Noah: $0.86 = 86\%$.
● Highest Score: Noah ($86\%$).
33. Reverse Percentage (Savings)
● $40\%$ of Savings = $\$24$.
● Original Savings = $24 \div 0.40 = \$60$.
● Amount Left = $60 - 24 = \$36$.
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34. Comparison Shopping
● Store A: Discount is flat $\$15$.
○ Price = $60 - 15 = \$45$.
● Store B: Discount is $20\%$.
○ $0.20 \times 60 = \$12$ discount.
○ Price = $60 - 12 = \$48$.
● Conclusion: Store A is the better deal ($\$45$ vs $\$48$).
35. Survey Analysis (400 students)
● a) Pizza: $45\%$ of 400.
○ $0.45 \times 400 = 180$ students.
● b) Tacos:
○ Percent for Tacos = $100\% - 45\% - 30\% = 25\%$.
○ $0.25 \times 400 = 100$ students.
36. Sales Tax ($150 bike, 7% tax)
● a) Tax: $0.07 \times 150 = \$10.50$.
● b) Total: $150 + 10.50 = \$160.50$.
37. Mixtures (250 ml, 12% juice)
● Real Juice: $0.12 \times 250 = 30$ ml.
● Not Juice: $250 - 30 = 220$ ml.
38. Percent Increase (4kg to 5kg)
● a) Gain: $5 - 4 = 1$ kg.
● b) Percent: $\frac{\text{Gain}}{\text{Original}} = \frac{1}{4}$.
○ $\frac{1}{4} = 25\%$.
39. Budgeting ($2000)
● Spent Percentages: $30\% + 25\% + 15\% = 70\%$.
● Saved Percent: $100\% - 70\% = 30\%$.
● Amount Saved: $30\%$ of $2000$.
○ $0.30 \times 2000 = \$600$.
40. Multi-Step Percent
● Section A: $80\%$ of 20 = $0.8 \times 20 = 16$ correct.
● Section B: $90\%$ of 30 = $0.9 \times 30 = 27$ correct.
● Total Correct: $16 + 27 = 43$.
● Total Percentage: $\frac{43}{50}$.
○ $\frac{43 \times 2}{50 \times 2} = \frac{86}{100} = 86\%$.
41. Commission (5% rate)
● Total Sales = $800 + 200 + 100 = \$1100$.
● Commission = $5\%$ of $1100$.
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● $0.05 \times 1100 = \$55$.
42. Comparing Populations
● Town A: $\frac{400}{1000} = \frac{40}{100} = 40\%$.
● Town B: $\frac{1500}{5000} = \frac{15}{50} = \frac{30}{100} = 30\%$.
● Comparison: Town A ($40\%$) has the higher percentage.
43. Geometry (100 squares)
● Colored squares: $25 (\text{Red}) + 40 (\text{Blue}) = 65$.
● Green squares: $100 - 65 = 35$.
● Fraction: $\frac{35}{100} = \frac{7}{20}$.
● Decimal: $0.35$.
● Percent: $35\%$.
44. Goal Progress ($5000 goal)
● a) Raised So Far: $1500 + 2000 = \$3500$.
● b) Percent Reached: $\frac{3500}{5000} = \frac{35}{50} = \frac{70}{100} = 70\%$.
● c) Percent Needed: $100\% - 70\% = 30\%$.
45. Advanced Discount
● Cost: $\$40$.
● a) Selling Price (50% markup):
○ Markup amount = $0.50 \times 40 = \$20$.
○ Selling Price = $40 + 20 = \$60$.
● b) Clearance Price (20% off selling price):
○ Discount = $0.20 \times 60 = \$12$.
○ Final Price = $60 - 12 = \$48$.
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