Running head: VARYING DEFINITIONS OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION 1
Green text boxes
contain explanations
The running
of APA style
head is a
The title guidelines.
shortened
should
version of the
summarize
paper’s full title,
the paper’s Blue boxes contain
and it is used to
main idea and directions for writing
help readers
identify the and citing in APA
identify the
variables style.
titles for
under
published
discussion
articles (even if
and the
your paper is
relationship Varying Definitions of Online Communication and not intended for
between
publication, your
them.
Their Effects on Relationship Research paper should
still have a
The title running head).
should be Elizabeth L. Angeli
centered on
the page, The author’s The running
typed in 12- name and State University head cannot
point Times institution exceed 50
New Roman should be characters,
Font. It double- including spaces
spaced and and
should not be
bolded, centered. punctuation.
underlined, or The running
italicized. head’s title
Author Note should be in
capital letters.
Elizabeth L. Angeli, Department of Psychology, State University. The running
head should be
flush left, and
Elizabeth Angeli is now at Department of English, Purdue University. page numbers
should be flush
right. On the
This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant title page, the
running head
Program. should include
the words
“Running head.”
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Elizabeth For pages
following the
Angeli, Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 55555. title page,
repeat the
running head in
Contact: author@[Link] all caps without
“Running head.”
The author note should appear on printed articles and identifies each author’s
department and institution affiliation and any changes in affiliation, contains
acknowledgements and any financial support received, and provides contact
information. For more information, see the APA manual, 2.03, page 24-25.
Note: An author note is optional for students writing class papers, theses, and
dissertations..
An author note should appear as follows:
First paragraph: Complete departmental and institutional affiliation
Second paragraph: Changes in affiliation (if any)
Third paragraph: Acknowledgments, funding sources, special circumstances
Fourth paragraph: Contact information (mailing address and e-mail)
VARYING DEFINITIONS OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION 2
The word
“Abstract”
Abstract should be
centered
The This paper explores four published articles that report on results from research conducted and typed
in 12 point
abstract is
Times New
a brief on online (Internet) and offline (non-Internet) relationships and their relationship to Roman. Do
summary of
not indent
the paper,
computer-mediated communication (CMC). The articles, however, vary in their the first
allowing
line of the
readers to
abstract
quickly
definitions and uses of CMC. Butler and Kraut (2002) suggest that face-to-face (FtF) paragraph.
review the
All other
main points
paragraphs
and interactions are more effective than CMC, defined and used as “email,” in creating in the
purpose of
paper
the paper.
feelings of closeness or intimacy. Other articles define CMC differently and, therefore, should be
indented.
The
abstract offer different results. This paper examines Cummings, Butler, and Kraut’s (2002)
should be
between
150-250
research in relation to three other research articles to suggest that all forms of CMC
words.
Abbre- should be studied in order to fully understand how CMC influences online and offline
viations and
acronyms
used in the relationships.
paper
should be Keywords: computer-mediated communication, face-to-face communication
defined in
the
abstract.
The title
should be
VARYING DEFINITIONS OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION 3
centered on
the page,
typed in 12- Varying Definitions of Online Communication and
point Times
New Roman The title of
Font. It
Their Effects on Relationship Research the paper is
should not be centered
bolded, Numerous studies have been conducted on various facets of Internet relationships, and not
underlined, or bolded.
italicized.
focusing on the levels of intimacy, closeness, different communication modalities, and
The introduc- the frequency of use of computer-mediated communication (CMC). However,
tion presents
the problem
that the
contradictory results are suggested within this research because only certain aspects of
If an article
paper
has three
addresses. CMC are investigated, for example, email only. Cummings, Butler, and Kraut (2002) to five
See the OWL
authors,
resources on
introduc- suggest that face-to-face (FtF) interactions are more effective than CMC (read: email) in write out all
of the
tions:
authors’
[Link] creating feelings of closeness or intimacy, while other studies suggest the opposite. To names the
[Link].e
first time
du/owl/resou
they
rce/724/01/ understand how both online (Internet) and offline (non-Internet) relationships are affected
appear.
Then use
by CMC, all forms of CMC should be studied. This paper examines Cummings et al.’s the first
author’s
last name
research against other CMC research to propose that additional research be conducted to followed by
“et al.”
In-text better understand how online communication affects relationships.
citations
that are
direct Literature Review
quotes
should
include the
In Cummings et al.’s (2002) summary article reviewing three empirical studies on APA
author’s/ requires
authors’ online social relationships, it was found that CMC, especially email, was less effective you to
name/s, include the
the publication
publication than FtF contact in creating and maintaining close social relationships. Two of the three year
year, and because
page reviewed studies focusing on communication in non-Internet and Internet relationships APA users
number/s. are
If you are concerned
para- mediated by FtF, phone, or email modalities found that the frequency of each modality’s with the
phrasing a date of the
source, article (the
use was significantly linked to the strength of the particular relationship (Cummings et more
APA
encourages current the
you to al., 2002). The strength of the relationship was predicted best by FtF and phone better).
include
page
numbers:
(Smith,
2009, p.
76).
VARYING DEFINITIONS OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION 9
References
Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social
relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103-108.
Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V., & Westbrook, N. (2004). Friendships through IM:
Examining the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 10, 38-48.
Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on
disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one
another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317-348.
Underwood, H., & Findlay, B. (2004). Internet relationships and their impact on primary
relationships. Behaviour Change, 21(2), 127-140.
Start the reference list on a new page, center the title “References,” and
alphabetize the entries. Do not underline or italicize the title. Double-space all
entries. Every source mentioned in the paper should have an entry.