FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS & FUNCTIONS
Internal Organs
Ovaries– Produce eggs (ova) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
Fallopian Tubes– Passageway for the egg; site of fertilization.
Uterus– Holds, nourishes, and supports the developing fetus.
Endometrium– Lining of the uterus that thickens and sheds during menstruation.
Cervix– Lower part of the uterus; allows passage of sperm and menstrual blood.
Vagina – Birth canal; receives the penis during intercourse.
External Organs
Mons Pubis– Fatty pad that protects the pubic bone.
Labia Majora – Outer folds that protect external genital organs.
Labia Minora– Inner folds protecting the vaginal and urethral openings.
Clitoris– Organ for female sexual arousal.
Hymen– Thin tissue partially covering the vaginal opening.
Vestibule– Area containing openings of the vagina and urethra.
Bartholin’s Glands– Provide lubrication.
Skene’s Glands– Lubricate the urethral opening.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS & FUNCTIONS
Internal Organs
Testes – Produce sperm and testosterone.
Epididymis– Stores and matures sperm.
Vas Deferens– Transports sperm from epididymis to urethra.
Seminal Vesicles – Produce fluid that nourishes sperm.
Prostate Gland– Produces fluid that enhances sperm mobility.
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands– Produce pre-ejaculate for lubrication.
Ejaculatory Ducts– Pathway for semen before exiting the body.
External Organs
Penis– Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.
Scrotum– Holds and protects the testes and regulates their temperature.
Contraceptives and Their Functions
1. Male Condom
- Prevents sperm from entering the vagina.
2. Female Condom
- Blocks sperm from reaching the cervix.
3. Oral Contraceptive Pills (Combined Pills)
- Prevent ovulation; thicken cervical mucus; thin the uterine lining.
4. Progestin-Only Pills
- Thicken cervical mucus; prevent ovulation.
5. Injectable Contraceptives
- Prevent ovulation; thicken cervical mucus.
6. Contraceptive Patch
- Releases hormones to prevent ovulation.
7. Vaginal Ring
- Releases hormones to prevent ovulation.
8. Intrauterine Device (IUD) – Copper
- Releases copper to stop sperm movement and fertilization.
9. Intrauterine System (IUS) – Hormonal
- Releases progestin to thicken cervical mucus and thin the uterine lining.
10. Implant (Subdermal Rod)
- Releases progestin to prevent ovulation.
11. Emergency Contraceptive Pills
- Prevent or delay ovulation after unprotected sex.
12. Spermicides
- Kill or immobilize sperm.
13. Diaphragm
- Covers the cervix to block sperm.
14. Cervical Cap
- Fits tightly on the cervix to block sperm entry.
15. Tubal Ligation (Female Sterilization)
- Blocks the fallopian tubes to prevent the egg and sperm from meeting.
16. Vasectomy (Male Sterilization)
- Cuts or blocks the vas deferens to stop sperm from mixing with semen.
17. Withdrawal Method
- Penis is withdrawn before ejaculation to avoid sperm entering the vagina.
18. Fertility Awareness Methods
- Track ovulation to avoid sex during fertile days.