7/15/25, 10:37 AM SQL UNION Operator
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SQL UNION Operator
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The SQL UNION Operator
The UNION operator is used to combine the result-set of two or more SELECT
statements.
Every SELECT statement within UNION must have the same number of columns
The columns must also have similar data types
The columns in every SELECT statement must also be in the same order
UNION Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
UNION ALL Syntax
The UNION operator selects only distinct values by default. To allow duplicate values, use
UNION ALL :
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column_name(s) FROM table1
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SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
Note: The column names in the result-set are usually equal to the column names in the
first SELECT statement.
Demo Database
In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database.
Below is a selection from the "Customers" table:
CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address City PostalCode
1 Alfreds Maria Anders Obere Str. Berlin 12209
Futterkiste 57
2 Ana Trujillo Ana Trujillo Avda. de la México 05021
Emparedados y Constitución D.F.
helados 2222
3 Antonio Moreno Antonio Mataderos México 05023
Taquería Moreno 2312 D.F.
And a selection from the "Suppliers" table:
SupplierID SupplierName ContactName Address City PostalCode Co
1 Exotic Liquid Charlotte 49 London EC1 4SD UK
Cooper Gilbert
St.
2 New Orleans Shelley Burke P.O. Box New 70117 USA
Cajun Delights 78934 Orleans
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SQL UNION Example
The following SQL statement returns the cities (only distinct values) from both the
"Customers" and the "Suppliers" table:
Example Get your own SQL Server
SELECT City FROM Customers
UNION
SELECT City FROM Suppliers
ORDER BY City;
Try it Yourself »
Note: If some customers or suppliers have the same city, each city will only be listed
once, because UNION selects only distinct values. Use UNION ALL to also select
duplicate values!
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SQL UNION ALL Example
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The following SQL statement returns the cities (duplicate values also) from both the
"Customers" and the "Suppliers" table:
Example
SELECT City FROM Customers
UNION ALL
SELECT City FROM Suppliers
ORDER BY City;
Try it Yourself »
SQL UNION With WHERE
The following SQL statement returns the German cities (only distinct values) from both
the "Customers" and the "Suppliers" table:
Example
SELECT City, Country FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany'
UNION
SELECT City, Country FROM Suppliers
WHERE Country='Germany'
ORDER BY City;
Try it Yourself »
SQL UNION ALL With WHERE
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The following SQL statement returns the German cities (duplicate values also) from both
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the "Suppliers" table: Sign In
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Example
SELECT City, Country FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany'
UNION ALL
SELECT City, Country FROM Suppliers
WHERE Country='Germany'
ORDER BY City;
Try it Yourself »
Another UNION Example
The following SQL statement lists all customers and suppliers:
Example
SELECT 'Customer' AS Type, ContactName, City, Country
FROM Customers
UNION
SELECT 'Supplier', ContactName, City, Country
FROM Suppliers;
Try it Yourself »
Notice the "AS Type" above - it is an alias. SQL Aliases are used to give a table or a
column a temporary name. An alias only exists for the duration of the query. So, here we
have created a temporary column named "Type", that list whether the contact person is
a "Customer" or a "Supplier".
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What is the primary purpose of the SQL UNION operator?
To create a new table with combined columns
To delete duplicate rows in a table
To perform a self join
To combine the result-sets of two or more SELECT statements
Submit Answer »
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