Testing of Hypothesis
Q1-Match the items of List - II with the items of List - I
List – I List – II
(a) Chi-square Test- (i) Testing the significance of the differences of the mean values among more than
two sample groups.
(b) ANOVA (F-test) - (ii) Testing the goodness of fit of a distribution
(c) Z-test- (iii) Testing the significance of the difference of the mean values between two large sized
samples
(d) t – test- (iv) Testing the significance of the difference of the mean values between two small sized
samples when population standard deviation is not available
(A) (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
(B) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (d) - (i)
(C) (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
(D) (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
Solution: (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
Q2-. Consider a hypothesis H0 where φ0 = 5 against H1 where φ1 > 5. The test is?
(a) Right tailed (b) Left tailed (c) Two tailed (d) Cross tailed
Solution: Right tailed
Q3-. Type 1 error occurs when?
(a) We reject H0 if it is True (b) We reject H0 if it is False (c) We accept H0 if it is True (d) We accept H0 if
it is False
Solution: We reject H0 if it is True
Q4-. The probability of Type 1 error is referred as?
(a) 1- α (b) β (c) α (d) Variance
Solution: α
Q5-. What is the assumption made for performing the hypothesis test with T-distribution?
(a) the distribution is non-symmetric (b) the distribution has more than one modal class
(c) the distribution has a constant variance (d) the distribution follows a normal distribution
Solution: the distribution follows a normal distribution
Q6-. If a hypothesis is rejected at 0.6 Level of Significance then
(a) it will be rejected at any level (b) it must be rejected at 0.5 level
(c) it may be rejected at 0.5 level (d) it cannot be rejected at 0.5 level
Solution: it may be rejected at 0.5 level
Q7-. In a two-tailed test when a Null Hypothesis is rejected for a True Alternative Hypothesis then it has
(a) Type 1 error (b) Type 2 error (c) No error (d) Many errors
Solution: No error
Q8-. In a hypothesis test, what does the p value signify?
(a) smallest level of significance for rejection of Null Hypothesis.
(b) largest level of significance for rejection of Null Hypothesis.
(c) smallest level of significance for acceptance of Null Hypothesis.
(d) smallest level of significance for acceptance of Null Hypothesis.
Solution: smallest level of significance for rejection of Null Hypothesis.
Q9-. The choice of one-tailed test and two-tailed test depends upon
(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternative hypothesis (c) Composite hypothesis (d) none of these
Solution: Alternative hypothesis
Q10-. Arrange the following steps in the process of hypothesis testing in proper sequence:
(A) Select the level of significance (B) Setup null and alternative hypothesis
(C) Establish the decision rule (D) Performance computations
(E) Select test statistics (F) Draw conclusion
Choose the correct answer from the options given below (a) A, B, C, D, E, F (b) A, B, E, D, C, F
(c) B, A, C, D, E, F (d) B, A, E, C, D, F
Solution(d) B, A, E, C, D, F
NOTE
(1)-There are many problems in which, rather then estimating the value of a parameter, we need to
decide whether to accept or reject statement about the parameter.
This statement is called hypothesis and the decision making procedure about the hypothesis is called
Hypothesis-Testing.
For e.g. a) The teaching method in both the institutes are effective b) The average IQ of normal human
being is 113
(2)- Type of Hypothesis
a) NULL HYPOTHESIS b) ALTERNATIVE (or Research) HYPOTHESIS
Null Hypothesis H0 It is a statistical hypothesis that contains a statement of equality such as
Alternate Hypothesis H1 It is a statement that must be true when H0 is false and it contains a statement
of inequality such as not equal to
(3)- Example:
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the following problem. A university publicizes that
proportion of its students who graduate in 4 years is 82%.
Ans: The proportion 82% can be written as
p = 0.82 contains the statement of equality and it becomes the null hypotheses.
So H0 : p = 0.82 H1 : p≠ 0.82
(4)- When we perform a hypothesis testing we make one of the two decisions
: i) Reject the null hypothesis or ii) Accept the null hypothesis
(5) Type I error: The error is made when the null hypothesis rejected even it is true.
Type II error: The error is made when the null hypothesis (H0 ) accepted when it false (or H1 is true).
Size of the test / Level of significance of the test / Alpha (α):
α = Probability of committing Type-I error
. = P(Rejecting H0 when H0 is true)
(6)- Terminology
Beta (β): β = Probability of committing Type-II error. = P(Accepting H0 when H1 is true)
Power of the Test (1-β): 1−β = P(Rejecting H0 when H1 is true)
Test Statistic: The decision is made based on the value of some statistic and the corresponding
statistic is called test statistic.
Critical or Rejection region: The values of the test statistic on which the null hypothesis is rejected.