Transformer Functionality and Types Guide
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ScribdTranslationsStefania Castillo Hernandez 1821388
GUIDE No. 3
What is the functionality of a transformer?
A transformer is an electrical element that allows increasing or
reduce the tension in an alternating current electrical circuit while maintaining
the power. The power that enters the equipment, in the case of
an ideal transformer (that is, without losses), is equal to that obtained at the
exit.
What are the parts, classes, and types that make up a transformer?
PARTS
Primary winding
Core of the magnetic material
Secondary winding
TYPES
By its phase (single-phase, three-phase)
Autotransformer.
Impedance.
Power.
Comunicaciones.
Measurement.
Voltage step-up/step-down.
Isolation.
Do you know where (text, regulations, company code) it talks about the
regulations for transformers?
Retie
Link regulations
NTC 2050
A coil of 100 turns is connected to a 120V, 60Hz source. If the effective value
The magnetization current is 3A, calculate:
the peak value of the flow
ii. The peak value of the magnetomotive force.
iii. The inductive reactance of the coil
E1 = Induced FEM = 4.44 x f x N1 x Maximum Flux.
Maximum flow value (which will also be sinusoidal) = 120 V / 4.44 X 60 x 100 = 0.0045
wB.
Peak magnetomotive force = N1 x magnetizing current x V2 = 100 x 3 A x
1.4142 24.26 A.V.
Inductive reactance of the coil = (0.0045 / 1.4142) Wb / 3A = 1 m Hy.
The primary winding of a 6600V, 60Hz transformer has 1320 turns.
calculate:
The maximum flow
ii. The number of turns in the secondary winding, if it operates at 400V
Maximum flow = Induced EMF / 4.44 x 60 x 1320... = 6600 V / 4.44 x 60 x
1320 = 0.0188 Wb.
If the secondary operates at 400 effective volts, we find the turns by:
E2 = 400 Volts = 4.44 x 60 x N2 x Flujo máximo = 5 N2.....N2 =
400/5 = 80 turns.
A transformer has: 100 turns in the primary winding, 2500 in the secondary.
secondary and is connected to a 120V, 60 Hz source. The current of
magnetization is 3A. Calculate
i. The effective voltage at the terminals of the secondary.
ii. The peak voltage value at the secondary terminals.
iii. The instantaneous voltage across the secondary when the voltage
The instantaneous in the primary is 40V.
Transformation ratio = a = N1 / N2 = 100 / 2500 = 0.04 (It's a step-up transformer)
Secondary effective voltage = Primary voltage / 0.04 = 120 / 0.04 = 3000 Volts.
Peak voltage = 3000 x V2 = 4242.5 Volts.
Instantaneous voltage across the secondary, when instantaneous voltage
primary = 40 volts.
(t) = (40/ 0.04) sin w t = (40/0.04) sin 377 t = 1000( sin 377 t) volts in the
secondary.
Investigate the following questions in the ENEL Codensa regulation.
What voltage levels are used in distribution centers according to the
ENEL Codensa standard.
Level 4: Systems with voltage equal to or greater than 57.5 kV and less than 220 kV.
Level 3: Systems with voltage greater than or equal to 30 kV and less than 57.5 kV.
Level 2: Systems with voltage greater than or equal to 1 kV and less than 30 kV.
Level 1: Systems with a voltage lower than 1 kV.
For a patio-type transformation center, what are the voltage levels and
normalized powers by ENEL Codensa for transformers.
CAPACITY OF URBAN TRANSFORMERS
Transformer Capacity Rural Area
What are the voltage levels and powers for transformers?
public lighting.
The capacities of pedestal transformers for street lighting, used
by CODENSA S.A. ESP are: 30 kVA, 45 kVA, and 75 kVA. They are currently located
installed transformers at 480/277 V with their circuits but the new infrastructure
it will be 380/220 V.
Make a description of the types of transformers in annex 1.
Voltage transformers for measurement 11.4, 13.2 and 34.5 Kv
TERMS OF USE
2.1 SERVICE
I continue
2.2 ELECTRICS
- Tensionservice 11.4, 13.2 and 34.5 kV
- TensionService Maximum 12.5, 14.5 and 36 kV
- SystemThree-phase three-wire
Frequency 60 Hz
Class 0.5 according to IEC standard
Interior Installation
- Número de núcleos 1
Altitude above sea level 2640 m
Rigid Neutral toearthin thesubstationAT-MT
2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL
Maximum Temperature 30 ºC
Normal temperature 20 ºC
Minimum for indoor use 5 ºC
2.4 INSTALLATION LOCATION
Thematerialit is intended to be used in interior installations or inside cells, it
you must take into account the position when choosing the transformer,
heightmaintenanceplanned etc. The transformers oftensionthey are connected in
in parallel with the power lines.
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
NOMINAL TENSIONS
Tensionservice 11.4, 13.2 and 34.5 kV
Nominal voltage15kV and 36kV
Tensionprimary 12 kV, 13.2 kV, 34.5 kV
Thetensionsecondary of the TP's that connect between phases of thesystemhas the
following values according to norms:
120 V to 11.4 kV and 13.2 kV
115 V to 34.5 kV
CLASS OF PRECISION
The precision class is 0.5
ISOLATION
According to IEC 71-1 and IEC 186 TABLE III A and IIIB, the insulations
atensionmaximum, to atensionindustrial andBILLthey are the ones indicated in annex 1.
POWERNOMINAL
The selected value is 25 VA
Compact measuring transformers
TERMS OF USE
3.1. SERVICE
I continue
3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL
The compact measuring transformers will be designed to operate at
Outdoors under the following environmental conditions:
Maximum Temperature 30°C
Normal Temperature 20°C
Minimum Temperature -5°C
Height above Sea Level 2,640 m
3.3. NOMINAL CHARACTERISTICS
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS
Relationship of
12,000/sqrt(3) - 200/sqrt(3) V or 35,000 - 200/sqrt(3) V
transformation
Connection: In 'Y' in high and low voltage.
An accuracy class of 0.3 will be required for Burden 'x' of ANSI.
Class of Precision:
C. 57.13
When a permanent load of 500 VA is applied, the increase
Increase in temperature: average temperature in the winding, measured by
resistance should not exceed 65°C
System frequency: 60 Hz
Test Tension of
95 kV to 11.4 kV and 13.2 kV and 170 kV to 34.5 kV
Impulse:
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
2.5-5/5; 5-10/5; 7.5-15/5; 20-40/5; 25-50/5; 30-60/5 for 11.4 kV and
13.2 kV.
•Relationship of
transformation
5-10/5; 12.5-25/5; 30-60/5; 50-100/5 for 34.5 kV
To obtain the two transformation ratios, you will have
Connection:
low voltage derivations.
Class of A precision class of 0.3 will be required for burden B-0.5 of ANSI C.
Accuracy: 57.13 (15 VA)
It must withstand the thermal effect of a current without deterioration.
ofshort circuitsymmetric of 6,000 A maintained for a
Thermal Limit
second in the primary winding, with the secondary
inshort circuit.
Limit The coils should not deform with an asymmetric current.
mechanic snapshot of 15,000 A
Frequency
60 Hz
of theSystem:
GENERAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Between high andlow tension10,000 megohms;
Betweenhigh tensionyearth10,000 megohms;
Resistance of
Isolation of
the coils: Betweenlow tensionyearth3,000 megohms.
These values are referenced to 20°C and relative humidity of the air of
50%.
Polarity: It must be subtractive and be marked on the terminals.
Theerrorcombined potential transformers and
Precision: current should not be greater than 0.3% between 10 and 100% of the
currentnominal.
What information should the nameplate data of transformers contain?
according to the RETIE
The characteristic plate must be made of stainless steel, not alterable by the
action of the particles contained in the atmosphere and that can be deposited on the
device.
.Brand or legal name of the producer or supplier.
. Serial number given by the producer.
. Year of manufacture.
. Transformer class.
. Number of phases.
. Nominal frequency.
. Nominal power, according to the type of refrigeration.
. Nominal voltages, number of derivations.
. Nominal currents.
. Short-circuit impedance.
. Total weight in kilograms.
. Connection group.
. Connection diagram.
What companies are in the national market that manufacture
transformadores mencione al menos 5 .