Empirical-analytical method

Nidia Carolina Martínez Velasco

YumiraYaneth Garcia Peña
 Agenda
• Activity
• What is it?
• Theories that stand out most according to Aristotle's analytical method.
• Characteristics
• How is it classified?
• General steps of the Empirical-Analytical method.
• HISTORICAL-DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
• CAUSAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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 What is it?

It is a model of scientific research, which is based on experimentation and

empirical logic, which along with the observation of phenomena and their analysis

statistical, is the most used in the field of social sciences and in the
sciences.

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Aristotle
I used analytical reflection and the
empirical method as methods for
build knowledge.
Among the theories that stand out
come out according to the analytical method of
Aristotle's son:
The theory of man: he is just another natural being.
Matter is identified with the body and the
shape with the soul. This union of the body and the
the soul is a substantial union the soul will not be able to
exist separate from the body.

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 Theory of Knowledge
Knowledge has its origin in experience (method
inductive).
The first faculty of this is sensitivity. The senses are
they capture the qualities of things.
The second faculty of knowledge is understanding.
patient, allows the mental reproduction of the objectives when
they are not, it consists of the formation of general images of the
realities linked to sensitivity.

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The third faculty is the agent intellect, it acts on the
image peeling it off the characteristics and keeping it with
universal concept this whole process is known as
abstraction.

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 Features
It is a factual method: it deals with the facts that actually
happen.
- It relies on empirical verification: it does not put to the test the
hypothesis through mere common sense or dogmatism
philosophical or religious, but through careful
contradiction through perception.
- It is self-correcting and progressive. Science is built from
the gradual overcoming of its mistakes. The method is open to
the incorporation of new knowledge and procedures
in order to ENSURE a better approach to the truth.

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- Sampling is an important part of the method
analytical since if the sample is taken incorrectly the results will be
useless erroneous.

How is it classified?
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD: it is the most complex and
effective of empirical methods, which is why sometimes
it is mistakenly used as a synonym for empirical method.
Some consider it such an elaborate branch that it has
charged strength as another independent scientific method
with its own logic, called experimental logic.

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METHOD OF SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION: It was the
first method used by scientists and in the
current affairs continues to be your universal instrument.
It allows one to know reality through sensory perception.
directly from before and processes, for which it must possess
some qualities that give it a distinctive character. It is the
more characteristic in descriptive sciences.

MEASUREMENT METHOD: It is the empirical method

that is developed with the aim of obtaining information
numeric about a property or quality of the object,
process or phenomenon, where magnitudes are compared
known mediables.
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 General steps of the method
empirical-analytical.
- Identification of a research problem.
- Formulation of hypotheses.
- Hypothesis testing.
- Results.

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 What is historical research?
It is the type of research that seeks to reconstruct the past of the
in the most objective and accurate way possible, for which, in a ...
Systematic collects, evaluates, verifies, and synthesizes valid evidence.
often derived from the hypothesis.

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 Characteristics of the research
1.- it depends on the data observed by others, rather than on those of
researcher.
2.- The data is of two types: primary sources, derived from the
observation and records of the author's knowledge, these must
preferably used and the secondary sources whose author
presents observations made by other people.
3.- sources must be subjected to two types of criticism: criticism
external that determines the authenticity of the document and criticizes
internal that identifies possible reasons, damages and
limitations of the author of the document.

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 Stages of historical research
- Define the problem (what type of historical research is it)
appropriate?)
- Formulate the hypothesis or objectives
- Collect information
- Evaluate the information (internal or external)
- Inform the results, research, and conclusions
(bibliography).

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 What is descriptive research?
This type of research involves getting to know the
situations, customs, and prevailing attitudes through
exact description of activities, objects, processes, and people.
Systematically describe the characteristics of a population,
situation or of interest.

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 Characteristics of research
descriptive
This study seeks to solely describe situations or
events, he is not interested in checking explanations or
hypotheses nor make predictions; they are mainly made by
surveys.

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 Stages of research
descriptive
- Define clear and specific terms
- Express how the observations will be conducted
- Collect the data.
- Report the results appropriately.

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 Quasi-experimental research
The quasi-experimental method is particularly useful for studying
problems in which one cannot have absolute control over
situations. But the aim is to have as much control as possible, even
when using already formed groups.

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 which can be collected
information in a study
quasi-experimental are:
Standardized tests.
- The interviews
- The observations
- It is recommended to use the test as much as possible, it is
to say, a measurement prior to the application of the treatment, in order to
to analyze the equivalence between the groups.

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 Types of quasi-experimental designs
- Natural experiments
- Studies with historical controls
- Intervention studies
- Studies before/after.

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 What advantages and uses does this have?
design?
They allow conducting research within a framework of
restrictions, particularly the lack of randomization.
• They facilitate the development of studies in natural environments.
• Through quasi-experiments, it is possible to infer relationships.
causal relationships between the independent variable and the variable
dependent, but its probability of being true is
relatively low compared to the designs
true experiments.

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 Quasi-experimental examples
- Investigate the effect of two methods of nutritional education on
two groups of mothers selected at random, in a situation in
that the instructors have voluntarily chosen method a
continue.
- Study the effects of a program for driving a car
correctly, in that the subjects of the experimental group and of
controls are not assigned randomly.

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 Experiment
1.- Definitions and concepts:
Test unit
Dependent variables
2.- definitions and concepts:
independent variables
Strange variables

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 classification of designs
experimental
Pre-experimental:
Quasi-experimental
Statisticians
True experiments

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Thank you