Reference

This course is adapted from Cendrine's course.

THE LOCAT (Brittany Telecommunications)

Speaking in public
[Link]
& teachings
Design presentations
computer-assisted

Public speaking and computer-assisted presentation 2

Exercise Communication primarily addresses emotions.

Quickly indicate a value next to

each word (positive/negative) Rationale
1. Go (to roll)
2. Old Affects
3. Wake up early
4. To leave far away

5. Grand Training objective

6. Slight delay Learning to speak
aux affects
7. Large family as much as to the rational
8. High salary

Public speaking and computer-assisted presentation 3 Public speaking and computer-assisted presentation 4

PLAN PLAN

1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. The 4 components of public speaking 2. The 4 components of public speaking
3. Convincing with a presentation 3. Convincing with a presentation
4. Visual aids 4. Visual aids
5. Everything you should not do!
5. Everything not to do!

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1
The message sent is not the message received. 93% of what we say goes through there.
non-verbal communication
What I have to say 100%
What I mean to say 90% Theacceptance of our ideais only due to 7%
What I can say 80%
to thewordchoice(that is to say verbally)
What I actually say is 70% The important thing is not
what is said... but Thegestures and facial expressionsare holders of the
What he hears 60% what is perceived major part of the impact =55%
What he listens to 50% Theintonations, the rhythm, theflow of the
What he actually understands is 40% voice… = 38%
What he admits is 30%
What he retains 20%
According to Albert Mehrabian, emeritus professor of psychology at
What he will say or achieve 10% the University of Los Angeles (UCLA, 1972)

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Being persuasive The main types of public attitudes

Charismacreate a connection The acceptance

and maintain it
Indifference
Proximity:Physics
vocabulary, posture... Skepticism
Pleasant appearance: The objection
Sobriety
Audience estimate: Reformulation
Positive consideration
Serenity:give trust
You will encounter all these attitudes... so
(self-confident car) Get ready for it!!
Humor

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The first contact PLAN

1. Introduction
It iscapital
It isunique 2. The 4 components of public speaking
He demands theperfection
3. Convincing with a presentation
4. Visual supports
5. What not to do!

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2
The 4 components of public speaking The 4 components of public speaking

The mind The mind

The verbal The vocal The verbal The vocal

The visual The visual

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The mind (1) The mind (1)

Repeat his speechin front of a mirror or Use somerelaxation techniquesin order to manage his anxiety
Example: thediaphragmatic respiration
a friendly audience Stress affects your breathing: feeling of
short breath, tightness in the chest
Exercise: Fill the entire lungs with air, using
Registerorwatch moviesto identify the lower abdomen rather than the chest (thoracic breathing).
Place your hand on your chest to distinguish the 2 types
then work on your flaws breathe and breathe through your nose, slowly...
Objective: decrease the rate of breathing and increase
its amplitude, reduce muscle tension, better
to oxygenate⇒ soothing effect.
Practicing regularlyexercises
articulation [Link]

It's up to you to find the technique that relaxes you!

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The 4 components of public speaking The vocal (2)

Ensure thetimbreof his voice and to hisvolume

Vary theflow, the rhythmand theintonationsbased on:
The mind
the importance of the message
of the type of message conveyed
Use thesilencesto create breaths and facilitate the
The verbal The vocal understanding of the message (even in the middle of a sentence)
Articulate!

Bring your message to life and repeat what is

The visual important!

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3
Exercise: Speak Clearly Exercise: Articulate well
In order to acquire good articulation, repeat by exaggerating the Georges and Jean are playing nicely at the jukebox.
as possible the movements of the mouth, slowly What did the donkey drink at the lake? The donkey at the lake drank water.
first then faster and faster, the following sentences:
Under the tree do your lettuces grow? No, but there my
Are the archduchess's socks dry? Yes turnips are born.
archiseches. Alert! Arlette is breastfeeding.
If six saws saw six pumpkins, six hundred saws will saw six hundred. I want and I demand exquisite apologies.
pumpkins. Is it sixteen dry chairs or sixteen dry chairs?
Did your tea take away your cough? My tea didn't take anything away from me at all. Four very big toads are croaking in four very big holes
Hunters who hunt, know how to hunt without a dog. hollow.
This excessive flat tax, solely dedicated to luxury and This beloved song is whispered tonight endlessly.
the exquisite is specifically set in Aix by the tax authorities. A generous lunch would regenerate degenerated generals.
I demand to ascend the stairs without excessive out of breath. The plump turkey struts with disdain while the
Françoise nervously crumples a sheet of ash. Indocile turkeys skedaddle through the dahlias.
Three big fat rats will rarely last. Conjugate; it's cool, I'm making a log fire.

Public speaking and computer-assisted presentation 19 Public speaking and computer-assisted presentation 20

Exercise: Articulate well Exercise: Articulate well

Poor little postal package that didn't leave for Papeete.

Tell me: big fat barley grain, when do you de-big-fat- The cap for difficult words!
Will you be harvesting golden grain? I am getting fat-grain-
I will harvest when all the big, large grains of barley are
will be big-fat-large-barley-grains.
Each morning, it is said, from the plump back of a turkey.
Who believed he could crunch a raw shrimp crunched a shrimp.
crunchy.
Look, you're catching a cold too often all the time. You cough all
the weather. Why are you coughing so much?
Having dried wisely, this sensible hunter puts on his shoes.
wisely.

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Exercise: Exercise: the voice flow

Read the following text and time yourself
The previous text contains about 95 words.
To speak well in public, we need to reduce A measured speaking rate allows it to be read in 30/35
our speech rate. The average rate of a conversation
is about 200 words per minute. seconds.
A well-placed voice, with varied intonations, If you took less time or too much time.
brings a feeling of calm and relaxation within time to read it, practice until you arrive
our audience.
at the requested time.
A very simple way to reduce our speaking rate is
to articulate well. We gain in clarity.
Another way is to think about what we say in It is recommended to speak between 150 and 200 words per minute.
at the same time we are saying it to At less than 120 words per minute, the audience disengages.
the audience: we are automatically obliged to and more than 300 words similarly.
reduce our flow.

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4
Exercise: Intonation Exercise: Intonation
Cheesecake

Read this recipe with different tones: Crush the small cookies into large crumbs in a mixing bowl.
angry tone and pour the melted butter over it, mix it
Everything. Add 2 tablespoons of brown sugar and mix.
your lover...
Spread this preparation in a non-stick mold (mold for
journalistic tone Take
Well, it's this Reserve
good). exercise in
home and identify
the fridge it.
in the meantime.
parental tone Mix thewhat
eggare the facial
yolks expressions,
and the sugar (forintonations
me aboutthat
100you
g) until the mixtureassociate
becomeswith a mood.
frothy and clear
..."
electric mixer it's faster...)
Think about it when you want to get across
Add the zest and juice of the 1/2 lemon.
an emotion!
...

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The 4 components of public speaking The visual (3)

look at your interlocutors

the gestures
The mind YES! tall, volunteers, extroverted, open and round,
precise and complete
NO! Just, parasites (self-contact, object...), barriers,
repetitive
the mimics
The verbal The vocal how many people claim to be delighted to be here
with a head 'six feet long'
posture: free the body to free the mind!
the "look"
The visual The slides... See the last part of the course
... are as many key points to take care of.

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The visual (3) The 4 components of oratory

A toolOARRSbefore speaking,
think of: The mind
OUVRIR in gesture to make gestures, not to have self-
contact
During your next presentations, focus on The verbal The vocal
in a single step (e.g. smile) and little by little
integrate all the instructions
SSMILE your "humanity" even more

The visual
A bad speaker would do exactly the opposite!

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5
The verbal (4): Adapt your language to the audience Verbal (4): Adapting one's language to the audience

Employers ofconcrete expressionsandprecise

Use ofpositive words
Use someshort and simple phrases:
Our offices are not far.
subject + verb + complement
between 15 and 20 words per sentence

Choose turns ofactive phrasesand of the

action verbs Our offices are very close
The book is opened by Paul⇒ Paul opens the book.

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Express yourself in positive terms Express yourself in positive terms

Express the sentences below in terms

positives. 9. It won't be long now
10. You have no choice
1. You will not have any worries
11. We will spare you all the steps.
2. With us, it's risk-free
administrative
3. There is no need for additional warranty
12. There is no danger
4. There is never an incident
5. This document is not contractual 13. It's not expensive
6. These prices are not final 14. It's not bothering.
7. No problem! 15. This product is unmatched.

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The verbal (4): Adapt your language to the audience Exercise

Your classmate, who is facing away from the group, is going to

Get involved, say "I" and involve you give instructions verbally so that
the audience, saying 'you' and 'us' to make a drawing.
You must follow his instructions without
Establish abalance between predictability and comment and without the possibility of asking him
the unpredictabilityof the message questions.
Once your colleague assesses his
Use thefeedbacksto know if your work completed, he will come to assess your level
the audience understood your message of success.

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The verbal (4): The registers of expression The verbal (4)

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PLAN What is the target of my communication?

1. Introduction We all have personal motivations

2. The 4 components of public speaking What is it that
What is he about?
need? the motive?

3. Convincing with a presentation

What does he know or
How much What are
of time his interests and does he not know
4. Visual supports Does he dispose? its centers
of the subject?

of interest?
5. What not to do!
One can convince others with one's own reasons; but one does not persuade them.
that by theirs.
Thoughts of Joseph Joubert (1754-1824)

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To not forget any aspect of the topic... The plan!

Technique of QQOQCCP One must have aplanprecise and written,

even if we improvise... even if we don't
Who?
he didn't read his text...
What?
Where?
When?
Each of the parties will be priorly
How?
time sidethe only way to
How much? master an improvisation!)
Why?

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7
 The introduction The conclusion

Think HOOK
Objective:make you want to listen She must fallbrutally
manage the element of surprise
the suite
Call back theplan and make a
For example, you can: synthesis
Cite a statistic Respond explicitly to
Tell a story or cite a case myinitial objective
Then, announce theplan… Open(aux questions, to
the action...)

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The development of the presentation Argue with facts!

Teaching something to my audience Here is a list of sentences. Some express an opinion,

Others present facts. You must recognize them:
Demonstratewhat I say and explain
Emit someshort messages, simple, airy, 1. This book is very interesting
living (examples, anecdotes...) 2. I read this book in two hours.
3. This boy is impossible to live with
Use someknown wordsof all or explain
4. His behavior particularly annoyed me during the
To be sureof what I announce meeting
Make someexplicit transitionsbetween the different 5. My warehouse is too small
parties 6. The engine of this used car is in good condition.
7. His presentation was truly authentic; it really impressed me.
packed
A prerequisite:to know the content perfectly
Two certainties:follow the plan and respect the timing

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Argue with facts! PLAN

I find that prices are often squeezed at the expense of
the quality
This engine was completely overhauled last month; it is 1. Introduction
sold with a warranty certificate
2. The 4 components of public speaking
This new machine breaks down very often.
I don't have enough people. We need to hire staff. 3. Convince with a presentation
Customers do not want this product
There is a lot of waste this month
4. Visual supports
This courier works well. He deserves a raise.
This guy is not at all suited for a precision job.
In the past, workers were more serious. 5. What not to do!
Today, for a yes or a no, we don't come.
to work.

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The importance of visual aids The importance of visual aids

We perceive by: We retain from what we:

The taste 1% Let's read 10%
The touch 1.5% Let's understand 20%

The smell 3.5% Let's see 30%

Hearing 11% Let's say 80%
The view 83% Let's say by doing something 90%

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Basic rules of a slideshow Basic rules of a slideshow

Only the essential must be highlighted To have visual assistance and not an inconvenience
Author(institution, logo...), date and signature
visual, thetransparentsmust be asupport to our
Atitleon each slide: promotes memorization
propos and not a substitute
Try, as much as possible, to have amaximum idea
by transparent Avoid reading the slides to keep attention
Few texts(25 to 30 words max.) written in large letters from the audience:Read a sentence and comment on it.
characters with a sans serif font (sticks): Arial
(avoid serif fonts) Keep your gaze directed towards the audienceand not towards
Of theschemas, of thedrawingsof thepaintingsmore explicit the transparents
some sentences Try to havea transparent one for 1-2 minutesof
Apply itgraphic charterwhen there is one, otherwise
pay attention to the choice of colors and to the layout speech
Use theanimationsthe slideshow wisely

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PLAN Basic rules of a slideshow

(continued)
1 People tend...
to first
writeslide.
1. Introduction every word they will say about their
2. The 4 components of public speaking PPT slides. Although this
3. Convincing with a presentation Only:
saves us from having to memorize everything
4. Visual supports
.ourKeywords
speech, in the end it makes our
5. What not to do! . Mainslides,
loaded ideasverbose,
boring. You lose the attention of
.your
7 lines
entiremaximum
audience before even having
.reaches
7 words maximum
the bottom per... line
of your

Public speaking and computer-assisted presentation 53

Montpellier
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PHOTES.... :-(( Too many fleas...

Many people do not use the • Avoid • fleas • and

spell checker - GROSE • the use • important, you
ERROR – Nothing is more embarrassing for • excessive • the • messages
the audience that has spelling mistakes • of • keywords. • important
on your slides. • fleas. • Too much • not
• Only • of • will come out
The spell checker is here • the • fleas • not!
for that!

Montpellier
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No mobile text... Attention to the fonts

The use of extravagant fonts often makes

Keep your text fixed the reading of your presentation is very difficult, even
There is nothing more nauseating than some impossible.
text in motion ...
Moreover, the use of serif font (such as
Blinking text is not better. that Times New Roman) makes reading less
easy.
Text that goes round, even less!
Prefer a sans serif font instead that
it will be easier to read.
Montpellier
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Bad color combination... The animations ...

A presentation
Background and font colors computer-assisted

distracting can lead to: The plan

To not get lost

Too many animations

•distraction ="
•confusion Entertaining presentation
="
•reading difficulties More person
u
co
ethe
ét n' espeaker
•headaches
• …" Documents
intended for assistance

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The transitions...

Avoid transitions that distract the audience, And now... a bit of technique!
It adds nothing to your speech.

Montpellier
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