UNIT 1 WEBSITES BASICS, HTML 5, CSS 3, WEB 2.0 8 Web 2.
1. Differentiate between Internet and Intranet.
Internet Intranet
The Internet is a globally-connected An intranet, on the other hand, is a
network of computers that enables local or restricted network that enables
people to share information and people to store, organize, and share
communicate with each other information within an organization
It forms network with orld wide web It forms network with Local area
network
[Link] are Style Sheets?
A style sheet provides a great deal of control over the presentation of a document.
3. Mention the need for cascading style sheets.
-Allow the information in the document to be presented without change in a variety of
ways
-Relatively easy to give all of the elements on a page consistent appearance
-Both the document author and the person viewing the document can specify aspect of
the document style as it is displayed by the browser
4. What are external style sheets?
The style sheets which has been stored in separate files and included in an HTML
documents through the use of a link element are known as external style sheets.
.
5. What are the two methods of implementing style sheets?
The two methods of implementing styles to HTML elements are
1] Rule Cascading
2] Inheritance
6. What is the syntax of CSS rule?
A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations: The selector
is normally the HTML element you want to style. Each declaration consists of a
property and a value. The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each
property has a value.
7. What is Web 2.0?
Web 2.0 is a second generation world wide web which is enhanced version of
web 1.0. It adds new Features and Functionalities to the web 1.0. It is a
platform that enables multiple users to share and collaborate the information of
the web through social media, blogging, and web based communities.
8. List the various tags added in HTML 5.0
Tags (Elements) Description
<article> Represents an independent piece of content of a document,
such as a blog entry or newspaper article
<aside > Represents a piece of content that is only slightly related to
the rest of the page.
<audio> Defines an audio file.
<canvas> This is used for rendering dynamic bitmap graphics on the
fly, such as graphs or games.
9. Give an example for inline style sheet
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="color:blue;">A Blue Heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">A red paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
10. Mention the difference between Web site and Web server
Website
A collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually connected
together in various ways. Often called a "web site" or a "site."
web server
computer that hosts a website on the Internet. It is also known as Web host.
11. State the uses of Internet protocol
Addressing
Routing
Data Encapsulation
Fragmentation
12. List the advantages of Web 2.0
It is easy to use and understand
It allows creation of Dynamic web pages
It supports wide variety of media tools
It provides enhanced security to information present on web
13. How will you embed the External Style sheet
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="[Link]">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
14. Define CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen,
paper, or in other media
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages
all at once
External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
15. Define Apache Web server
Apache is responsible for accepting directory (HTTP) requests from Internet
users and sending them their desired information in the form of files and Web
pages.
16. Show the structure of HTML5
An HTML 5 document mainly consists of a Head and Body. The Head contains
the data, which informs the browser and even web servers that it is an HTML 5
document. On the other hand, the Body contains content that web browsers
actually display.
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Basic Page Structure</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
[Link] a simple HTML code using Image map
<img src="[Link]" alt="Workplace" usemap="#workmap">
<map name="workmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="34,44,270,350" alt="Computer" href="computer.
htm">
<area shape="rect" coords="290,172,333,250" alt="Phone" href="[Link]"
>
<area shape="circle" coords="337,300,44" alt="Coffee" href="[Link]">
</map>
[Link] the advantages of Internet
Information, knowledge, and learning
Connectivity, communication, and sharing
Address, mapping, and contact information
Banking, bills, and shopping
Selling and making money
Collaboration, work from home, and access to a global workforce
Donations and funding
Entertainment
[Link] any two rich internet applications
AJAX.
Adobe Flash, Flex and Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR)
Microsoft Silverlight.
Curl (an object-oriented language with embedded HTML markup)
Google Gears.
OpenLaszlo and Webtop.
Oracle WebCenter.
[Link] Extranet
Extranet is a private network similar to an intranet, but typically open to
external parties, such as business partners, suppliers, key customers, etc. The
main purpose of an extranet is to allow users to exchange data and applications,
and share information.
PART-B
1 Describe in detail RIA [Link] the merits and demerits also
2 Explain the working principle of web server with a neat sketch.
3 Explain about XHTML DTD with an eample
4 Explain the significance of XHTML with the help of real time
application with code snippets
5 Explain the enhanced features in HTML 5.0 with a neat example
6
Explain the Various types of Cascading style sheet with an example
UNIT 2 CLIENT-SIDE PROGRAMMING
1. What are Interpreted languages?
Programming languages that does not need to be compiled before execution are
known as interpreted languages.
2. What are native objects?
A built-in object is a native object that is automatically constructed during scripting
engine initialization rather than being constructed during program execution. E.g.
window.
3. What is a Javascript statement? Give an example
A JavaScript statement is a command to a browser. The purpose of the command is to
tell the browser what to do. This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello
Dolly" to the web page:
[Link]["Hello Dolly"];
4. What do you mean by global object?
Global object is named window as global variables declared by your program are
actually stored as properties of this object. All built-in and host objects are also stored
as properties of global object.
5. List out some of the built-in objects of JavaScript?
Built-in objects of JavaScript are STRING, NUMBER, BOOLEAN, DATE,MATH,
REGEXP.
6. What are the six JavaScript data types?
The JavaScript data types are:
Number
String
Boolean
Null
Object
Undefined
7. What are the three types of statements in JavaScript?
Expression statement: that consists entirely of an expression Block statement: that
consists of set of statements enclosed in braces { }
Keyword statement: that begin with keywords such as var, if, for etc
8. What are Servlets?
A small program that runs on a server, the term usually refers to a Java applet that
runs within a Web server environment. This is analogous to a Java applet that runs
within a Web browser environment.
[Link] is Event listener in DOM?
An event listener is a function that takes a single argument that is an instance of
Event. A call to the addEventListener [] method on a node object associates an event
listener with a type of event occurring on that node.
[Link] is DOM?
DOM [Document Object Model] is an API that defines how JavaScript programs can
access and manipulate the HTML document currently displayed by a browser. It
includes the definition of the properties of document object, many of which are
themselves objects with their own properties.
[Link] out the properties of a Node object?
Properties of a Node object are
nodeType
nodeName
parentNode
childNodes
previousSibling
nextSibling
attributes
12. What do you mean by document node?
The document object itself is considered to be DOM tree node with node type 9 and
symbolic constant DOCUMENT_NODE and it has its own properties and methods.
[Link] are the 2 traditional ways of assigning event handlers in DOM ?
Via HTML, using attributes
Via scripting
14. How to change an HTML Element with the help of DOM.
The following example changes the background colour of the <body> element:
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
[Link]="lavender";
</script>
</body>
</html>
[Link] is DOM?
Document Object Model (DOM) is a set of platform independent and language
neutral application interface (API)which describes how to access and manipulate the
information stored in XML, XHTML and javascript documents.
16. List any four mouse events.
The MouseEvent are-mousedown, mouseup, mouseover, mousemove, mouseout.
[Link] to create arrays in Javascript?
We can declare an array like this Var scripts = new Array();
We can add elements to this array like this
scripts[0] = "PHP";
scripts[1] = "ASP";
scripts[2] = "JavaScript";
scripts[3] = "HTML";
[Link] short notes on JDBC.
JDBC standard is intented for people developing industrial-strength database
[Link] makes java effective for developing enterprise information
[Link] is the JDBC package that contains classes &interfaces that enable a
java program to interact with a database.
[Link] is JSP?
JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a technology for developing web pages that support
dynamic content which helpsdevelopers insert java code in HTML pages by making
use of special JSP tags, most of which start with <% andend with %>.
[Link] are the types of directive tags?
The types directive tags are as follows:
<%@ page ... %> : Defines page-dependent attributes, such as scripting language,
error page, and
buffering requirements.
<%@ include ... %> : Includes a file during the translation phase.
<%@ taglib ... %> : Declares a tag library, containing custom actions, used in the
page.
PART-B
1. Explain any two validation functions in java script
2. Explain the states of threads in [Link] an example explain the ways to create
threads
3. Explain about DOM with XML data processing.
4. Explain the concept of JSON with an example
5. Discuss the structure of the HTTP request message
6. Write a DHTML program to handle the user click event
UNIT -3 SERVER SIDE PROGRAMMING
1. Define − Servlet
A servlet is a java class that a web server instantiates when the server is started. A
particular method is called in this instance when the server receives certain HTTP
requests.
2. What are servlet life cycle methods?
The methods of servlet life cycle are
INIT[], SERVICE[] AND DESTROY[]
3. What are servlet listener classes?
Listener classes is used to initialize a web application consisting of multiple servlets
rather than a single servlet and can be created and registered with the server so that
they will be called when certain event occurs, including life-cycle events.
4. What are the functions of doGet[] and doPost[] methods?
doGet[]-Browser will append the query string it constructs to the form’s action URL
and performs an HTTP GET using the resulting URL.
DOPOST[] – Same query string will be constructed , but it will be passed to the
server via the body of the HTTP request rather than as part of the URL.
[Link] is the important feature of dynamic positioning?
Dynamic positioning allows to tell the browser exactly where to put a block of
content without using tables.
6. List the possible opacity attributes of dynamic positioning.
HTML: The basic building block.
Document Object Model: The objects that make up the contents of any Web page.
JavaScript: A scripting language that can manipulate the within the document
7. Define ─ Session
Collection of HTTP requests, all associated with a single session ID, is known as a
session. Sessions are maintained by communication between clients and servers.
8. How the session is terminated?
By default the time interval for a session is 20 minutes. The session can also be forced
to terminate by calling invalidate[] method. The time interval for the session can be
set using setMaxInactiveInterval[] method.
9. Define ─ Cookie
A cookie is a name-value pair that a web server sends to a client machine as part of an
HTTP response, specifically through the Set-cookie header field.
10. Write the code to return the full URL of a document.
<html>
<head>
<title>Javascript get url</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
[Link][[Link]]
</script>
</body>
</html>
11. How is session tracking achieved by URL rewriting?
In URL rewriting the server passes a session ID by adding it to every servlet URL
appearing in any page sent to the client. It involves rewriting every URL referencing
the servlet in the href attribute of any anchor and the action attribute of any form
output by the servlet.
12. List out the methods of HTTP.
doGet[]
doPost[]
doOptions[]
doPut[]
doTrace[]
doDelete[]
doHead[]
[Link] are advantages of using JSP?
Performance is significantly better because JSP allows embedding Dynamic
Elements in HTML Pages itself.
JSP are always compiled before it's processed by the server unlike CGI/Perl
which requires the server to load an interpreter and the target script each time the
page is requested.
[Link] are JSP actions?
JSP actions use constructs in XML syntax to control the behavior of the servlet
engine. You can dynamically insert a file, reuse JavaBeans components, forward the
user to another page, or generate HTML for the Java plugin.
[Link] is the difference between CGI and servlets?
Performance is significantly better, servlet execute within the address space of a
web server.
Servlets are platform independent
The java security manager on the server enforces a set of restrictions to protect the
resources on a server
machine.
The full functionality of java class libraries is available to a servlet.
[Link] a simple program in JavaScript to validate the email-id.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function validateForm() {
var x = [Link]["myForm"]["email"].value;
var atpos = [Link]("@");
var dotpos = [Link](".");
if (atpos<1 || dotpos<atpos+2 || dotpos+2>=[Link]) {
alert("Not a valid e-mail address");
return false;}}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="myForm" action="demo_form.asp" onsubmit="return validateForm();"
method="post">
Email: <input type="text" name="email">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
[Link] event bubbling.
Suppose, there is an element present inside another element. Then during the event
handling, if the event which is present in the inner element is handled and then the
event of the outer element is handled. This process of event handling is called event
bubbling
[Link] is the use of pop up boxes in java script?
There are three types of popup boxes used in javascript. Using these popup boxes the
user can interact with the web application.
[Link] “JavaScript” is an event-driven programming”
Javascript supports event driven programming. when user clicks the mouse or hit the
keys on the keyboard or if user submits the form then these events and response to
them can be handled using javascript. Hence javascript is mainly used in web
programming for validating the data provided by the user.
[Link] Scripting Language Is Differs from HTML?
HTML is used for simple web page design, HTML with FORM is used for both form
design and Reading input values from user, Scripting Language is used for Validating
the given input values weather it is correct or not, if the input value is incorrect, the
user can pass an error message to the user, Using form concept various controls like
Text box, Radio Button, Command Button, Text Area control and List box can be
created.
PART-B
[Link] the Servlet architecture and explain its working
[Link] cookies with suitable examples
3. Develop a JSP program to display the grade of a student by accepting the marks of
five subjects
4. Describe in detail the session handling in server side programming
[Link] the procedure for installing and configuring Apache Tomcat
[Link] ith suitable example for SQL and XML tags in JSTL
UNIT IV PHP and XML
1. What is PHP?
PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor -one of the most popular server-side scripting
languages for creating dynamic Webpages.
- an open-source technology
- platform independent
2. List the data types used in PHP.
Data types Description
Integer Whole numbers (i.e., numbers without a decimal point)
Double Real numbers (i.e., numbers containing a decimal point)
String Text enclosed in either single ('') or double ("") quotes.
Boolean True or false
Array Group of elements of the same type
Object Group of associated data and methods
Resource An external data source
3. How type conversion is done in PHP?
In PHP, data-type conversion can be performed by passing the data type as an
argument to function [Link] set type takes two arguments: The
variable whose data type is to be changed and the variable ’s new data
type.
E. g., settype( $testString, "double" );
4. Write the uses of text manipulation with regular expression in PHP.
PHP processes text data easily and efficiently, enabling straightforward
searching, substitution, extraction and concatenation of strings.
Text manipulation in PHP is usually done with regular expressions — a
series of characters that serve pattern-matching templates (or search
criteria) in strings, text files and databases.
This feature allows complex searching and string processing to be
performed using relatively simple expressions
5. List the important characteristics of PHP.
The main characteristics of PHP are:
PHP is web-specific and open source
Scripts are embedded into static HTML files
Fast execution of scripts
Fast access to the database tier of applications
6. How to Include PHP in a Web Page?
There are 4 ways of including PHP in a web page
1. <?php echo("Hello world"); ?>
2<script language = "php"> echo("Hello world");
</script>
3. <? echo("Hello world"); ?>
4. <% echo("Hello world"); %>
we can also use print instead of echo
• Method (1) is clear and unambiguous
• Method (2) is useful in environments supporting mixed scripting languages in
the same HTML file
• Methods (3) and (4) depend on the server configuration
7. Write a simple PHP Script.
Here is PHP script which is embedded in HTML using level one header with
the PHP output text. The name of this file is called [Link].
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello world</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><?php echo("Hello world"); ?></h1>
<h1><?php print("This prints the same thing!");?></h1>
</body>
<html>
8. How do you include comments in PHP?
PHP supports three types of comments:
1. Shell style comments - denoted #THIS IS A COMMENT
2. C++ style comments - denoted THIS IS A COMMENT—
3. C style comments - denoted /* ALL THIS COMMENTED! */
9. What are variables in PHP?
Variables start with the $ symbol.
E.g.:
$myInteger = 3;
$myString = "Hello world";What is the scope of variables in PHP?
Once PHP variables have been defined they are known for the rest of the Web
page:
• Obeying standard scoping rules of course.
• Variables can be local to functions etc, much like any languages.
[Link] some built in functions in PHP.
Mathematical functions:- abs, ceil, cos, log, min, rand, sqrt
File handling:- fopen, flock, feof, fgets, fputs, fcloseList the functions to create
a pattern.
Preg_match,
Preg_matchall,
Preg_replace,
Preg_split
11. Write a PHP script to set the background colour to blue on Tuesday in
a given date.
<?php
if(date("D") == "Tue") $colour = "blue";
else $colour = "red";
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor = <?php echo($colour) ?>>
<h1>Welcome</h1>
</body>
</html>
[Link] is cookie? Give example in PHP
A cookie is a text string stored on the client machine by your script (to track
users and manage transactions).
Cookies are automatically returned (by the client), and can be accessed using a
variable of the same name
• The following script reads and displays a cookie, and sets it with a new value
(string) that was passed to the script
as a parameter.
• The cookie will expire after 20 minutes (1200 seconds)
<?php setCookie("CookieTest", $val, time()+1200); ?>
<html>
<head><title>Welcome</title></head>
<body>
<?php echo("<h2>The cookie is: $CookieTest</h1>
</body>
</html>
13. What is XML ?
Extensible markup language. It offer a standard, flexible and inherently
extensible data format, XML significantly reduces the burden of deploying the
many technologies needed to ensure the success of Web services.
14. Define XML attributes
• XML elements can have attributes in the start tag, just like HTML.
• Attributes are used to provide additional information about elements.
• Attributes cannot contain multiple values (child elements can)
• Attributes are not easily expandable (for future changes)
15. Write the main difference between XML and HTML.
XML was designed to carry data.
XML is not a replacement for HTML.
XML and HTML were designed with different goals:
XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is.
HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks.
HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about describing
information
[Link] is XML namespace?
XML allows document authors to create custom elements.
This extensibility can result in naming collisions (i.e. different elements
that have the same name) among
elements in an XML document.
An XML namespace is a collection of element and attribute names.
[Link] is the purpose of namespace?
XML Namespaces provide a method to avoid element name conflicts. In XML,
element names are defined by the developer. This often results in a conflict
when trying to mix XML documents from different XML applications.
[Link] some built in functions in PHP.
Mathematical functions:- abs, ceil, cos, log, min, rand, sqrt
File handling:- fopen, flock, feof, fgets, fputs, fclose
[Link] the PHP standard Flow-controls statements
if,
if/else
switch
while
For
[Link] CSS and XSL.
CSS can be used with [Link] XSL can’t be used in HTML
Both can be used in XML
CSS is not a transformation language but XSL.
PART-B
[Link] the types of DTD in XML with an example
2. Explain the RSS and ATOM in detail
[Link] about the control statements in PHP with example
4. Explain how cookies are handled in PHP with an example
5. Explain about XML schema with an example
[Link] about XSL and XSLT transformation
UNIT-V INTRODUCTION TO AJAX AND WEB SERVICES
1. What is Ajax?
Ajax is a set of client side technologies that provides asynchronous
communication between user interfaces and web server. So the advantages of
using Ajax are asynchronous communication, minimal data transfer and server
is not overloaded with unnecessary load.
2. What technologies are being used in AJAX?
AJAX uses four technologies, which are as follows:
JavaScript, XMLHttpRequest, Document Object Model (DOM), Extensible
HTML (XHTML) and Cascading StyleSheets (CSS)
[Link] AJAX Control Extender Toolkit.
AJAX Control Toolkit is a set of extenders that are used to extend the
functionalities of the [Link] controls. The extenders use a block of
JavaScript code to add new and enhanced capabilities to the [Link]
controls. AJAX Control Toolkit is a free download available on the Microsoft
site. You need to install this toolkit on your systembefore using extenders.
4. What is the syntax to create AJAX objects?
AJAX uses the following syntax to create an object:
Var myobject = new AjaxObject("page path");
The page path is the URL of the Web page containing the object that you want
to [Link] URL must be of the same domain as the Web page.
5. How can you find out that an AJAX request has been completed?
AJAX request has been completed by using the ready State property. If the
value of this property equals to four, it means that the request has been
completed and the data is available.
6. What are the different ways to pass parameters to the server?
We can pass parameters to the server using either the GET or POST method.
The following code snippets show the example of both the methods:
Get: [Link]("GET","[Link]", true);
Post: [Link]("POST", "[Link]", true);
7. What are the extender controls?
The extender controls uses a block of JavaScript code to add new and enhanced
capabilities to [Link]. The developers can use a set of sample extender
controls through a separate download - AJAX Control Toolkit (ACT).
8. List out the advantages of AJAX.
• Better interactivity
• Easier navigation
• Compact
• Backed by reputed brands
9. Define Web service?
A Web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices
over the web. The W3C defines a"Web service" as "a software system designed
to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over anetwork". It has
an interface described in a machine-processable format specifically Web
Services Description Language (WSDL).
[Link] is meant by WSDL?
WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language
WSDL is based on XML
WSDL is used to describe Web services
WSDL is used to locate Web services
WSDL is an XML-based language for locating and describing Web
services
11. How to describe a web service?
Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is a document written in XML.
The document describes a Web service. It specifies the location of the service
and the operations (or methods) the service exposes.
12. What are the four transmission types of WSDL?
One-way
Request–response
Solicit–response
Notification
13. State the significance of a WSDL document.
The WSDL is a Web Service Descriptor Language which is based on XML.
ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
Types- It Specifies the data types of the symbols used by the web services.
Messages -It specifies the messages used by the web services.
Port type- It specifies the name of the operations
Binding- It specifies the name of the protocol of the web services, typically it is
SOAP.
14. What is UDDI?
UDDI means Universal Description, Discovery and Integration.
UDDI - platform-independent framework for describing services, discovering
businesses, and integrating business.
[Link] out the advantages of AJAX.
Better interactivity
Easier navigation
Compact
Backed by reputed brands
[Link] are the core elements of UDDI?
UDDI defines four core data elements within the data model:
businessEntity (modeling business information)
businessService (describing a service)
tModel (describing specifications, classifications, or identifications)
binding Template (mapping between a businessService and the set of
tModels that describe its technical fingerprint)
[Link] some examples of web services.
Geo IP: [Link]
Whois: [Link]
SMS: [Link]
[Link] the need for SOAP.
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a protocol based on XML. It is used
by the web services for exchange of information. The Client- Server
communication is based on RPC. The HTTP does not design to handle the
distributed objects that are required by the RPC. Hence another application
protocol is build over HTTP which popularly known as SOAP. SOAP allows
talking different applications that are running in two different operating
systems.
[Link] an example of a web services registry and its function.
It refers to a place in which service providers can impart information about
their offered services and potential clients can search for services
Example: IBM - WebSphere Service Registry, Oracle Service Registry etc.,
[Link] some of the disadvantageous of web services
Web services standards features such as transactions are currently nonexistent
or still in their infancy compared to more mature distributed computing open
standards such as CORBA. Web services may suffer from poor performance
compared to other distributed computing approaches such as RMI, CORBA, or
DCOM.
PART-B
[Link] the XML-HTTP Request object methods
[Link] the major elements of a WSDL document
3. write in brief about SOAP
[Link] a neat diagram, Explain the AJAX client - server architecture
[Link] various concept of RPC
6. Describe briefly about SOAP and HTTP