Greece Rome

ELIAS MARTINEZ HERNANDEZ

 Ancient Greece was founded
approximately in the year 1200 BC.
C. Until the year 146 BC.
ancient Greek architecture is more
known for the "temples", many
of which are about
everything like ruins, but others
substantially intact, throughout the
region. The second type of
construction that is preserved everywhere
the Hellenic world is the open-air theater
free, with the first date of
construction from the year 350 BC. Others
architectural forms that still exist

GREECE they can be seen are the door of

processional entrance, the public square,
surrounded by walks with columns, the
edificio del Ayuntamiento el
public monument, the tomb
monumental, the stadium and the great
wall.
Ancient Greek architecture is distinguished by its features.
highly standardized, both in structure and in decoration. This
es particularmente cierto en el caso de los templos donde cada edificio
parece haber sido concebido como una entidad escultórica dentro del
landscape, more often conceived on elevated ground for
that the elegance of its proportions and the effects of light on its
surfaces can be seen from all angles.

The architecture of Ancient Rome arose from that of

Greece and maintained its influence in Italy
uninterrupted to this day.
Starting with the Renaissance, revivals of
classicism has kept not only the forms alive
precise and ordered the details of the architecture
Greek, the Greeks particularly valued the
proportion and harmony in their buildings. According to the
type of column and the relationship between the elements
architectural.
 Fundamental architectural elements were the columns.
They surrounded the building and supported the enclosure. In ancient
In Greece, there were three distinct styles of building construction.
by the shape of the columns, their capitals and the entablature,
these were the Ionic, Doric, and Corinthian columns, which are the highest
mark of what ancient Greece left us.

The fronton is found in architecture.

classical, notably in the temples
Greeks and Romans, where it served as
fund for the placement of groups
sculptures that displayed scenes of the
Greek mythology. The Greek orders
were assimilated by the Romans and very
used in Renaissance architecture.
They still exert a notable influence on
the current buildings.
The Greek city was conceived as a work of art. It gave
special attention to perspectives, relationship with nature
and topography.
The building is conceived as part of a set: what
it is important for its plastic values within that set.
It was organized and designed for the enjoyment of its
inhabitants.
Art occupied a prominent place in citizen well-being.
The Acropolis was the high part of the city, a precinct
easily defensible where the temple stands out, dedicated to the
protective divinity of the city, and where its ... was kept
treasures.
The Agora is the main square of the city dedicated to the
public activity of political and commercial function.
The city is developed in a grid, that is, with a layout.
orthogonal or with the streets in a checkerboard pattern. The oldest models
were planned by the Architect Hippodamus of Miletus in
Greece, hence this plan is known as layout
hippodamic: a layout characterized by regularity and
clarity, model disseminated from Hellenistic urbanism and
Roman to our days.
 Ancient Rome was founded in the year
753 B.C. Ancient Rome was formed by
a grouping of towns in the 8th century
a. C. and dominated the Mediterranean world and the
Western Europe from the 1st century to the
V through military conquest and the
assimilation of local elites. Their
dominion has left important marks
archaeological and numerous testimonies
literary. Even today it shapes the
image of Western civilization. The
the city of Rome emerged from the
settlements of Latin tribes, Sabines and
Etruscans, with the first ones positioned

ROME inhabitants of Rome on the seven hills,

at the confluence between the Tiber River and the
Via Salaria, 28 km from the Tyrrhenian Sea. In
this place the Tiber has an island where the
river can be crossed. Due to the
proximity to the river and the ford, Rome
I was at a traffic crossroads and
commerce.
The architecture of Ancient Rome is probably one of the
most significant testimonies of Roman culture. It is characterized by
for having adopted the external language of Greek architecture
classical, to which he added several original innovations. The two
styles are often considered a body, what is known as
classical architecture. Roman architecture flourished in the Republic
Roman and even more so under the Empire, when the great was built.
majority of the surviving buildings. Used new materials,
particularly Roman concrete, and technologies such as the arch of
half point, the arch, the vault and the dome to make buildings that
they were usually strong and well designed.

The Romans began to achieve originality

significant in the architecture around the
beginning of the imperial period, after that
they combined aspects of their original architecture
Etruscan with others taken from Greece, including the
majority of the elements of the style that now
we call classical architecture.
 The Romans built massive public buildings, works of
civil engineering, and non-public temples that were responsible for
significant developments in housing and public hygiene, by
example, their public and private bathrooms and latrines, heating by
radiant floor in the form of hypocaust, mica glazing and
hot and cold piped water.

They moved from construction based

mainly in columns and beams to
one based on massive walls,
punctuated by arches and domes
later. The classical orders are now
they returned more decorative what
structural, except in the colonnades.
The Roman city was surrounded by a wall and its
urban layout was established with some regularity, following
around the two main perpendicular streets, the cardo and
the decumanus. At the place where these two streets met, there
it established the forum, where the buildings were constructed
important: the curia (for Senate assemblies), the
plethora, from where it was governed, etc.

The forum, initially, was a commercial place, but it was

progressively acquiring a more noble and political character,
while the trade fairs were shifting to
other places in the city.

The entrance gates to the Roman city were located in

the exits of the cardo and the decumanus, but also in others
city points. They used to be flanked by two towers.
with quarters where the guard was located. There was also
rooms above the entrance arches. They usually had
one or two openings, covered with barrel vaults.
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