NEO PI-R, INVENTORY OF

NEO PERSONALITY REVISED (b)

The NEO PI-R, despite being very recent, one of the

most prestigious instruments for the evaluation of the
personality under normal conditions, as is the
work environment. The structure of the "Big 5" factors of
the personality captured in the NEO has become
in one of the most substantiated and used. It consists of 240
elements that are responded to on a Likert scale of
five options and allows the evaluation of five factors
main: Neuroticism Extraversion, Opening,
Kindness and Responsibility. Each factor is broken down
in six facets, which allows for an analysis of the
finer personality, obtaining 35 different scores. The NEO PI-R is
correct via disk correction/profile (Included in the JC) with 50 uses,
through mechanized correction services or via the Internet. The NEO-FFI is
present in the form of a self-correcting specimen.

NEO PI-R Manual (NEO Personality Inventory)

Reviewed). Madrid: TEA Ediciones, 1999.
Authors:Costa P; McCrae R
The Inventory ofPersonalityRevised NEO (NEO PI-R) provides a measure
abbreviated from the five dimensions orfactorsof personality and some
of the most importantfacesor traits that define each dimension. The
The term NEO refers to the three dimensions that the inventory measured.
Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness.

In total, the 5scalesfundamentals and the 30 partial scales of the NEO

PI-R allows for a global assessment of the adult personality.

Created by P. Costa and R. McCrae, the NEO PI-R can be applied

appropriately for subjects aged 17 and above who do not suffer from disorders
(psychosis, dementias, etc.) that affect their ability to comply with the
inventory application. Individual or collective application, durable
approximately 40 minutes and basically evaluates normal personality.

The authors provide a synthesis of the three steps that must be followed in every
test of this type: the application or administration, the scoring and the
interpretation.
Subjects are given: a) a sheet of instructions for the subjects
know how to carry out the test, and b) a list of 240 phrases to which the subject
must respond by choosing five alternatives that range fromveryin
disagreement to very much in agreement. An example of a sentence is: I have an imagination
very active.

The NEO PI-R does not include manual scoring but rather automatic scoring.
through a special program that is provided on a floppy disk to score the
answers. Scoring the answers means first assigning them a score.
direct (PD) and then, based on this last one, obtain a standardized score
(T).

The first step in interpreting the NEO PI-R profile is to examine the
scales of the five factors to understand personality at its highest level
Basic: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.

The second step involves examining the 5 factors in more detail.

previous ones and, more specifically, the six facets or traits of each.
Each of the factors of the NEO PI-R is represented by six additional scales.
specific that measure facets or aspects of the factor. The examination of the scales
of the facets allows for a more detailed analysis of people or groups.
Above all, it can be illustrative when the score of the factor is of type
average. For example, a subject whose average score in A includes very values
low in Altruism and very high in Trust will react in a completely
different from another with the same average score, but with low Altruism and high
Trust.

Finally, the detailed information available when considering the scores

Facets can help interpret constructs and formulate theories.
It is known that extraversion correlates with psychological well-being, but a
more precise exam shows that two of the facets, Cordiality and Emotions
positive, are the main responsible for this association; the Search for
Emotions are not related to well-being. These findings have important
implications in welfare theory.

Bibliography
NEO PI-R Manual (Revised NEO Personality Inventory). Madrid: TEA
Editions, 1999. byCosta P; McCrae R
NEO PI R
The information presented below provides an overview of
the NEO PI-R test. However, to properly interpret the
scores and understand in depth the statistical justification of the test
It is necessary to consult the Manual (NEO PI-R. NEO Personality Inventory
[Link]: TEA Ediciones, S.A.

NEO PI-R:
NEO Personality Inventory
Reviewed

Authors Paul T. Costa Jr. and Robert R. McCrae.

Editor TEA Ediciones S.A.

Purpose:
Assessment of normal personality.
Variables: NEUROTICISM: EXTRAVERSION:
Anxiety Cordially
Hostility Gregarism
Depression Assertiveness
Social anxiety Activity
Impulsivity Search for emotions
Vulnerability Positive emotions

OPENING: AMABILITY:
Fantasy Trust
Aesthetics Frankness
Feelings Altruism
Actions Conciliatory attitude
Ideas Modesty
Values Sensitivity to others

RESPONSIBILITY:
Competition
Order
Sense of duty
Need for achievement
Self-discipline
Deliberation
Description: The NEO PI-R is, despite being very recent, one of
the most prestigious instruments for evaluation
of personality under normal conditions,
What is the work environment like.
The structure of the 'Big Five' factors of
The personality that is captured in the NEO has
converted into one of the most substantiated and
used. It consists of 240 elements that are
respond on a five-point Likert scale and
allows the evaluation of five main factors:
Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and
Responsibility.
Each factor is broken down into six facets, which
it allows for a finer analysis of personality,
obtaining 35 different scores.
The NEO PI-R is scored using a floppy disk.
correction/profile (included in the JC) with 50 uses,
through mechanical correction services or
over the Internet. The NEO-FFI is presented in the form of
self-correcting specimen.
Management: Individual or Collective.
Levels of
application: Adolescents and adults.
Baremaing: Adult sample segmented by sex.
Duration: Approximately 40 minutes.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The NEO Personality Inventory is a well-known assessment tool.
of the personality whose origin dates back to 1978. That first version has
has been updated and reviewed on several occasions until reaching the NEO PI-R
that is currently used in Spanish.

The Inventory is very easy to apply and gathers responses to its 240.
elements with a 5-point Likert system. The content of the elements is
suitable for any level of training and its total application time
about 30 minutes

The conceptual origin of Inventory lies in the universal theory of the 5.

great, the atomic structure of personality from which any
attempt at assessment. Specifically, the NEO PI-R establishes a structure
factor composed of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness,
Kindness and Responsibility.
However, the instrument only takes these 5 factors or dimensions into account.
as a starting point to achieve a meticulous and precise evaluation of the
general personality based on 35 scales. That is, each of those five
dimensions breaks down into 6 different facets that cover all of its
operational spectrum.

For example, the facets of Neuroticism are Anxiety, Hostility,

Depresión, Ansiedad social, Impulsividad y Vulnerabilidad; cada una de ellas
with its direct scoring and its typification.

In short, the NEO PI-R is a great assessment tool for the

personality, as evidenced by the international success achieved in its more
of 20 years of history. Easy to use, interpret, and applicable both in the field
clinical, as in educational and labor.

STATISTICAL JUSTIFICATION
For the adaptation of the instrument in Spain, several types of
studies with a total sample size of over 34,000 subjects.

Reliability
In this section, one of the aspects of reliability is analyzed; this is the
internal consistency as perceived by the alpha coefficient of
Cronbach. It should be noted that these indices present a very structure
similar to those of the original studies, although in some cases the values
they are a little shorter. In this sense, both some of the facets of
Opening as the same general variable or factor are those that present the
lower indices of homogeneity.

However, and generally speaking, the alpha indices obtained in the

Spanish adaptation can be considered acceptable. The values in each
one of the factors are: 0.90 in Neuroticism, 0.84 in Extraversion, 0.82 in
Openness, 0.83 in Kindness and 0.88 in Responsibility. When analyzing the
internal consistency of the facets of each factor, the values are lower
due to the smaller number of elements. Thus, in the facets of Neuroticism the
values oscillate between 0.56 (N5) and 0.69 (N4), in Extraversion between 0.53 (E4) and
0.72 (E2), in Openness between 0.36 (O6) and 0.76 (O5), in Agreeableness between 0.44
(A6) and 0.66 (A1) and in Responsibility between 0.52 (C3) and 0.72 (C6).

Validity
The basic definition of a validity index is the degree to which the instrument or
the scales measure what they are intended to measure; in the case of a test of
knowledge or aptitude-based, that assessment is easy and can be made
directly defining clearly an objective external criterion. But not
It happens this way when it comes to measuring personality traits.
In the NEO PI-R, the intention of these studies should focus on the
representation of the five-factor model, so it is necessary that the
datos de la adaptación española mantengan esta estructura. Así, a los2.000
Subjects of the Spanish normative sample were applied the techniques
correlational and factorial.

The intercorrelations presented in the test manual indicate

manifest very significant relationships between the facets of the same factor and
very few or no significant differences between the facets of different factors. In the
same line, the factorial saturation matrix clearly shows how the
Facets of the same factor define quite well each higher dimension. Without
embargo, it also appears, just as it did in the original, some saturation
significant with other different factors.
 INTERPRETATION MODELN

Application data

Examiner: TEA001
Examining: Illustrative case
Edad:44Sexo:Mujer
Fecha de aplicación:04/04/2005Baremo utilizado:Mujeres

Profile

Score Score
Factor transformed direct 1 40 50 60 99
NEUROTICISM 61 44

Extraversion 102 40

OPENING 84 27

Kindness 120 40

RESPONSIBILITY 155 58

Anxiety 10 34

Hostility 10 54

Depression 7 42

Social Anxiety 17 58

Impulsivity 11 43

Vulnerability 6 42

Cordiality 20 37

Herd behavior 8 27

Assertiveness 24 66

Activity 22 57

Search for emotions 9 40

Positive emotions 19 40

Fantasy 11 37

Aesthetics 11 29

Feelings 16 37

Actions 15 43
Ideas 19 47

Values 12 27

Trust 27 63

Frankness 25 60

Altruism 16 27

Conciliatory attitude 15 37

Modesty 17 40

Sensitivity to others 20 37

Competition 27 60

Order 24 58

Sense of duty 29 60

Need for achievement 25 51

Self-discipline 25 51

Deliberation 25 57

Acquiescence 120

Negations 83

Blank questions 0

Narrative Report
This report presents the direct scores (DS) and
transforms (T) of illustrative case, along with an illustrative graphic profile of the
notebooks (significant deviations on both sides of the central point, T=50)
and a narrative report is provided to assist with interpretation.

The report begins with an analysis of the validity of the protocol and continues with a
brief general description of the personality of illustrative case. Next
the possible behaviors that may manifest depending on the
scores in the factors and in the facets. To the extent that the dispersion
within a factor is greater, the interpretation becomes more complex, so
especially in these cases, attention must be paid to the interpretation more
detailed and precise that derives from the facets.

Given the significant relationship between the different aspects of the

personality (a relationship that, at times, is of a negative sign), it is possible that
some phrase seems to contradict what was previously indicated by another. This can
It may be because in illustrative cases that contradiction arises, since the
adjectives used refer to different situations or variables that, without
embargo, they were related positively or negatively in the normative sample
which served to define the different levels in those facets or factors.

VALIDITY OF THE PROTOCOL

The validity indexes of the NEO-PI-R aim to detect possible irregularities or

unusual response styles in the examinee. Everything seems to indicate that the
Scores should be interpreted with caution, as illustrative case has
answered less than 20% of the elements with the options Agree or
Totally agree. This way of responding indicates a disagreement.
high and assumes that the results may be biased, since the scales
of the NEO PI-R were designed to avoid a limited number of responses in
this meaning.

GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF PERSONALITY

Based on the responses to the elements of the test, illustrative case

generally presents as a responsible, reserved person,
introverted, not very friendly, and emotionally stable.

The description is then clarified and the possible range is explained.

behaviors that an illustrative case can display based on this profile.

NEUROTICISM

Firstly, the illustrative case seems to be a person with a good

emotional stability. Thus, he adapts quite well to situations because
she controls her impulses and appears calm, composed, and relaxed. If the environment
it becomes hostile or stressful, most of the timeIllustrative case is maintained
calm and little disturbed, which will help her face the situation effectively, without
evasive and with a certain advantage over the others.

Ultimately, the score of the illustrative case in this factor represents a good
management of emotions, so it is likely that they will behave as they
as indicated previously. However, it may be that some behaviors do not
give it the same intensity or does not make part of their usual way of
behave, or even be contrary to the overall score of the factor.

Specifically, based on the scores in the facets, the illustrative case stands out
by

A very low level of Anxiety: Illustrative case is very calm.

very relaxed showing and very rarely has the impression that the
things may go wrong.
A low level of Depression: Illustrative case rarely experiences
feelings of guilt, melancholy, despair, and loneliness. Rarely
she feels discouraged or downcast, although she doesn't usually appear cheerful either
cheerful.
A high level of social anxiety: illustrative case feels quite
uncomfortable with others, and more sensitive to ridicule and prone to
to experience feelings of inferiority that most people do.
A low level of Impulsivity: The illustrative case is considered quite
capable of controlling their desires and finds it quite easy to resist them.
 In addition, it is able to control its appetites and outbursts (for example, of
food, tobacco...) and has a high tolerance for frustration.
A low level of vulnerability: illustrative case is considered quite
effective in fighting stress and, in emergency situations,
it normally remains independent, constant, and firm.

EXTROVERSION

Extraversion is one of the two factors of the NEO-PI-R that evaluate the
interpersonal trends. The score of the illustrative case in this factor indicates
we are probably dealing with a person with a low level of sociability.
Thus, she is likely to be quite reserved, independent, and consistent.
At times she may seem a bit shy when she prefers to be without company.
others. However, even though they present themselves as a somewhat unenthusiastic person,
In this illustrative case, she does not feel unhappy or pessimistic.

Ultimately, illustrative case seems to see herself as a rather

introverted, which does not necessarily imply a high level of social anxiety.
However, it may be that some of the previous behaviors that are typical
the negative pole of Extraversion does not occur with the same intensity or not
are part of their usual way of behaving, or even contrary to their
punctuation.

Specifically, based on the scores in the facets of Extraversion, Case

illustrative highlights by:

A very low level of Gregarism: it is likely that the illustrative case will be
a person who loves solitude, as they do not seem to seek (e
even frequently rejects) social stimuli.
A very high level of Assertiveness: Illustrative case is very dominant,
spirited and socially prominent. She speaks without hesitation and very often
become the leader of the group.
A high level of activity: An illustrative case is a person quite
quick and vigorous in the sense of energy, so it feels a certain
need to always be busy. It is likely that I lead a somewhat
agitated
A low level of Sensation Seeking: Illustrative case shows little
need for emotions and tends to prefer a life lacking excitement and
stimulation.
A low level of positive emotions: Illustrative case does not experience.
frequently positive emotions such as joy, happiness, love and
enthusiasm. Moreover, she doesn't usually laugh easily and is not very affectionate.
optimistic. This does not mean that the illustrative case sees itself as
unfortunate: she is simply less exuberant and fiery than most
from the people.
OPENING

Openness is one of the great dimensions of personality, although it is

less well-known than Neuroticism and Extraversion. Probably the character
introverted illustrative case related to their behavior
extremely conventional and conservative. Thus, he will very often prefer
the familiar to the novel and their emotional responses will generally be
turned off. In addition, it can have a very high intensity and amplitude of interests.
lower than that of most people. Although a very high level of
reservation like that of an illustrative case can influence your defense strategy
Psychological, it may be that this is not a generalized defensive reaction.
In no case should a degree be inferred from their score in Opening.
elevated levels of hostile intolerance or authoritarian aggression, as these aspects are
more related to Kindness than to this factor.

In summary, the illustrative case presents itself as a very conventional person and
"closed" to others and to experience, which can sometimes be related
with a low level of creativity. However, like in the other factors
of the NEO-PI-R, it is interesting to delve into the facets that define this
scoring in the Opening, to clarify or confirm the previous statements.

The notes of the illustrative case in the aspects of the Open factor indicate
which is characterized by:

Un nivel bajo de Fantasía:Caso ilustrativoes algo más prosaica que la

most people, and relatively often, prefer to take care of the
immediate tasks to look for new unconventional ways.
A very low level of openness to Aesthetics: Illustrative case has very
little interest y sensitivity for the art y the beauty.
This score does not imply that one has bad taste or little artistic talent,
but it is likely that his limited aesthetic interests will lead him to
develop knowledge and criteria of appreciation that are much lower than
those of most people.
A low level of openness to feelings: Illustrative case has something
hearts are dull and he gives very little importance to feelings.
A low level of openness to Actions: Illustrative case finds
some difficulties in situations that involve a change, so
prefers to stick to what is tried and tested.
A very low level of openness to values: Illustrative case is very
dogmatic and conservative, regardless of their political ideas.
In this way, very often he/she accepts authority and feels satisfied with
the tradition.

Kindness

Agreeableness is the other dimension of the NEO-PI-R that, along with Extraversion,
evaluate the interpersonal trends of the subjects. Illustrative case has obtained
a low score, so she considers herself unkind and un
pleasant. In this way, it may seem somewhat egocentric and suspicious regarding
the intentions of others and generally not very cooperative.

Therefore, the illustrative case will likely enjoy less popularity than the
the majority of people due to their little kindness. However, when it comes to
fight for their own interests or carry out scientific analysis with precision can
you are quite benefited by your skeptical and critical attitude.

If the notes of the profile are analyzed in the facets of this factor, the data
they indicate that it is characterized by:

A high level of trust: Illustrative case believes that other people

they usually act in an honest and well-intentioned manner.
A high level of Frankness: Illustrative case is quite frank, sincere and
naive.
A very low level of altruism: Illustrative case is characterized by
focus more on herself than on helping others. Furthermore, she
shows itself quite reluctant to get involved in other people's problems.

A low level of conciliatory attitude: illustrative case is few

conciliatory, which is why they can sometimes show their aggressiveness.
Additionally, he/she prefers competing over cooperating and usually does not reject expressions.
of anger when they consider it necessary.
A low level of Modesty: Illustrative case one believes themselves superior to others.
others, who in turn may consider him a rather
conceited and arrogant.
A low level of sensitivity to others: illustrative case is something
insensible and little inclined to compassion. She considers herself a
a quite realistic person who makes her decisions based on pure
logic.

RESPONSIBILITY

The Responsibility factor of the NEO-PI-R refers to the active process of

planning, organization, and execution of tasks. Illustrative case is quite
responsible, willing, stubborn and determined in her work, which is why her level is high
of self-control (low score in N) refers to both your emotions and the
tasks it performs. Thus, it will probably have a good performance
academic or professional, as he/she stands out for his/her scrupulousness, punctuality and
reliability.

However, it is recommended to conduct a more detailed analysis based on the

scores in the facets, to better contrast these aspects. Thus,
Illustrative case highlights by:

A high level of Competence: illustrative case is considered quite

 ready to face life; she has a high confidence in her
own capacity, sensitivity, discretion, and effectiveness.
A high level of Order: The illustrative case is quite neat, organized and
clean. It is difficult not to keep things in the right places.
A high level of Sense of Duty: Illustrative case adheres with some
rigor to its ethical principles and firmly fulfills its moral obligations.
A high level of Deliberation: Illustrative case tends to think with a certain
pausing to think things through before acting, which makes her quite reflective and
prudent.

Application data

Examiner: TEA001
Examining: Illustrative case
Edad:44Sexo:Mujer
Fecha de aplicación:04/04/2005Baremo utilizado:Mujeres

Profile

Score Score
Factor transformed direct 1 40 50 60 99
NEUROTICISM 61 44

EXTRAVERSION 102 40
OPENING 84 27

Kindness 120 40

RESPONSABILIDAD 155 58

Anxiety 10 34

Hostility 10 54

Depression 7 42

Social Anxiety 17 58

Impulsivity 11 43

Vulnerability 6 42

Cordality 20 37

gregarism 8 27

Assertiveness 24 66

Activity 22 57

Search for emotions 9 40

Positive emotions 19 40

Fantasy 11 37

Aesthetics 11 29

Feelings 16 37

Actions 15 43

Ideas 19 47

Values 12 27

Trust 27 63

Franco 25 60

Altruism 16 27

conciliatory attitude 15 37

Modesty 17 40

Sensitivity to others 20 37

Competition 27 60

Order 24 58

Sense of duty 29 60

Need for achievement 25 51

Self-discipline 25 51

Deliberation 25 57

Acquiescence 120

Negations 83
Blank questions 0

Narrative Report
This report presents the direct scores (DS) and
transforms (T) of illustrative case, along with an illustrative graphic profile of the
points (significant deviations on both sides of the central point, T=50),
and a narrative report is provided to assist with interpretation.

The report begins with an analysis of the validity of the protocol and continues with a
Brief general description of the personality. Illustrative case. Next,
they describe the possible behaviors that may manifest depending on the
scores in the factors and in the facets. To the extent that the dispersion
within a factor is greater, the interpretation becomes more complex, so,
especially in these cases, attention must be paid to the interpretation more
detailed and precise that derives from the facets.

Given the significant relationship between the different aspects of the

personality (a relationship that, at times, has a negative connotation), it is possible that
some phrase seems to contradict what was previously stated by another. This may be
due to the fact that in illustrative cases that contradiction occurs, since adjectives
employees refer to some different situations or variables that, however,
were positively or negatively related in the normative sample that served
to define the different levels in those facets or factors.

VALIDITY OF THE PROTOCOL

The validity indexes of the NEO-PI-R aim to detect possible irregularities or

infrequent response styles in the subject. Everything seems to indicate that the
Scores should be interpreted with caution, as illustrative case has
answered less than 20% of the items with the options Agree or
I totally agree. This way of responding indicates a disagreement.
high and assumes that the results may be biased, since the scales
the NEO PI-R were designed to avoid a limited number of responses in
this meaning.

GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF PERSONALITY

Based on the responses to the elements of the test, illustrative case

generally presents as a responsible, reserved person.
introverted, not very friendly, and emotionally stable.

The following clarifies this description and explains the possible range of
behaviors that can be displayed from this profile.

NEUROTICISM

First of all, the illustrative case seems to be a person with good stability.
emotional. Thus, they adapt quite well to situations because they control their
impulses and appears calm, serene and relaxed. If the environment becomes hostile
stressful, most of the timeIllustrative case stays calm and little
altered, which will help you face the situation effectively, without evasions and with
a certain advantage over others.

In short, the score of the illustrative case in this factor represents a good
management of emotions, so it is likely that he/she will behave as he/she has
indicated earlier.

However, it may be that some behaviors do not occur with the same intensity.
or do not form part of their usual way of behaving, or may even be contrary to
the overall score of the factor.

Specifically, based on the scores in the facets, the illustrative case stands out.
by

A very low level of Anxiety: Illustrative case is very calm, it

very relaxed show and very few times does she have the impression that the
things might go wrong.
A low level of Depression: Illustrative case rarely experienced
feelings of guilt, melancholy, hopelessness, and loneliness. Rarely does one
feels discouraged or downcast, although she also doesn't usually appear cheerful and
joyful.
A high level of social anxiety: Illustrative case feels quite
uncomfortable with others, and is more sensitive to ridicule and prone to
experience feelings of inferiority that most people.
A low level of Impulsivity: illustrative case is considered quite
capable of controlling their desires and finds it quite easy to resist them.
In addition, he is able to control his appetites and outbursts (for example, of
food, tobacco...) and has a high tolerance for frustration.
A low level of Vulnerability: illustrative case is considered quite
effective in fighting stress and, in emergency situations,
it normally remains independent, constant, and firm.

EXTROVERSION

Extraversion is one of the two factors of the NEO-PI-R that assess the
interpersonal trends. The scoring of the illustrative case in this factor indicates
that we are probably dealing with a person with a low degree of sociability.

Thus, she is likely to be quite reserved, independent, and consistent.

At times, she may seem a bit shy when she would rather be without the company of others.
others. However, although they present themselves as a somewhat unenthusiastic person,
In an illustrative case, she does not feel unhappy or pessimistic.

In short, the illustrative case seems to see itself as a rather

introverted, which does not necessarily imply a high degree of social anxiety. Without
embargo, it may be that some of the previous behaviors that are typical of
the negative pole of Extraversion does not occur with the same intensity or does not form
part of their usual way of behaving, or even contrary to their
punctuation.

Specifically, based on the scores in the facets of Extraversion, Case

illustrative highlighted by:

A very low level of Gregarism: it is likely that illustrative case is

a person who loves solitude, as they do not seem to seek (and
even frequently rejects) social stimuli.
A very high level of Assertiveness: An illustrative case is very dominant,
energetic and socially prominent. She speaks without hesitation and very often
become the leader of the group.
A high level of activity: An illustrative case is a person who is quite fast.
and vigorous in the sense of energy, so they feel a certain need to
always being busy. It is likely that she leads a somewhat 'hectic' life.

A low level of sensation seeking: Illustrative case shows little

need for emotions and tends to prefer a life devoid of excitement and
stimulation.
A low level of positive emotions: illustrative case does not experience
frequently positive emotions such as joy, happiness, love and
the enthusiasm. Furthermore, she doesn't usually laugh easily and is not very affectionate.
optimistic. This does not mean that the illustrative case sees itself as
unfortunate: she is simply less exuberant and fiery than most
the people.

OPENING

Openness is one of the great dimensions of personality, although it is

less known than Neuroticism and Extraversion. Probably the character
introverted of illustrative cases related to their behavior
extremely conventional and conservative. Thus, very often it will prefer the
familiar with the novel and their emotional responses will generally be muted.
In addition, it can have an intensity and breadth of interests that are much lower than the
of most people. Although a very high level of reserve like that of
An illustrative case can influence your form of psychological defense, it may be that
this should not be a generalized defensive reaction. Under no circumstances should
to infer, based on their score in the Opening, a high degree of intolerance
hostility or authoritarian aggression, since these aspects are more related to the
Kindness that comes with this factor.

In summary, the illustrative case presents itself as a very conventional person.

"closed" to others and to experience, which at times can relate to
with a low level of creativity. However, like in the rest of the factors
of the NEO-PI-R, it is interesting to delve into the facets that define this
scoring in the Opening, to clarify or confirm the previous statements.

The notes of the illustrative case in the aspects of the Opening factor indicate
which is characterized by:

A low level of Fantasy: An illustrative case is something more prosaic than the
the majority of people and relatively frequently prefer to deal with the
immediate tasks to seek new unconventional ways.
A very low level of openness to aesthetics: illustrative case has very
little interest and sensitivity for art and beauty. This score does not
I may have bad taste or little artistic talent, but it's likely that
their limited aesthetic interests lead them to develop some
knowledge and criteria of appreciation far lower than those of the majority
of the people.
A low level of openness to feelings: An illustrative case has something.
emotional numbness and assign very little importance to feelings.
A low level of openness to Actions: illustrative case finds
some difficulties in situations that involve a change, so
prefers to stick to what is tried and tested.
A very low level of openness to values: illustrative case is very
dogmatic and conservative, regardless of their political ideas.
In this way, it often accepts authority and feels satisfied with
the tradition.

Kindness

Kindness is the other dimension of the NEO-PI-R that, along with Extraversion, evaluates.
the interpersonal trends of the subjects. Illustrative case has obtained a
low score, so she considers herself not very nice and not very
pleasant. In this way, it may seem somewhat egocentric and suspicious regarding
the intentions of others and generally not very cooperative.

Therefore, the illustrative case will probably enjoy less popularity than the
majority of people due to their little kindness. However, when it comes to fighting
for their own interests or to conduct scientific analysis with precision can be seen
greatly benefited by her skeptical and critical attitude.

If the notes of the profile are analyzed in the facets of this factor, the data
they indicate that it is characterized by:

A high level of Trust: Illustrative case believes that other people

They tend to act in an honest and well-intentioned manner.
A high level of Frankness: The illustrative case is quite frank, sincere and
naive.
A very low level of altruism: Illustrative case is characterized by
focus more on herself than on helping others. Furthermore, she
 he/she shows a considerable reluctance to get involved in other people's problems.

A low level of conciliatory attitude: Illustrative case is little

conciliatory, which is why at times it can show its aggressiveness.
In addition, he prefers to compete rather than cooperate and does not usually reject expressions.
of anger when deemed necessary.
A low level of Modesty: Illustrative case one believes to be superior to
Besides, those who can in turn consider him a rather
proud and arrogant.
A low level of sensitivity to others: An illustrative case is something
insensitive and little inclined to compassion. She considers herself a
a quite realistic person who makes their decisions based on pure
logic.

RESPONSIBILITY

The Responsibility factor of the NEO-PI-R refers to the active process of

planning, organization, and execution of tasks. Illustrative case is quite
responsible, hardworking, stubborn, and determined in her work, which is at a high level
self-control (low score in N) refers to both your emotions and the
tasks it performs. Thus, it will likely have good academic performance.
the professional, as he stands out for his scrupulousness, punctuality, and reliability.

However, it is recommended to conduct a more detailed analysis based on the

ratings in the facets, to better contrast these aspects.
Thus, the illustrative case stands out for:

A high level of competence: illustrative case is considered quite

prepared to face life; she has a high confidence in her
own capacity, sensitivity, prudence, and effectiveness.
A high level of Order: The illustrative case is quite neat, organized and
Clean. It's hard not to keep things in the right places.
A high level of sense of duty: Illustrative case adheres with some
he adheres to his ethical principles and firmly fulfills his moral obligations.

A high level of Deliberation: Illustrative case tends to think in a certain way

detaining things before acting, which makes her quite reflective and
prudent.