Department of Business Administration,
Iqra University, Karachi
Islamic Studies - Assignment Submission
Total Marks: 10
Due Date: 12th December 2025
1. Compare the Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with the
Prophethood of other Prophets. (2 Marks)
The Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) differs from that of the
Prophets who came before him in three primary ways:
1. Universality: Earlier Prophets were typically sent to a specific tribe, nation, or limited
geographical region (e.g., Prophet Musa/Moses to the Children of Israel). Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) was sent to all of mankind until the Day of Judgment. His message
is universal.
2. Finality (Khatm-e-Nabuwwat): While earlier Prophets were part of a continuous chain,
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the final Prophet. His mission completed the structure of
Prophethood, meaning no new Prophet, bearing new or old law, will ever come after him.
3. Preservation of Message: The teachings and Books of earlier Prophets often faced
alterations or loss over time. The primary revelation given to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH),
the Holy Quran, is uniquely preserved in its original form by God, ensuring the
completeness and purity of his message forever.
2. What is the concept of "Khatm-e-Nabuwwat"? Explain its
significance in light of the Quran and Sunnah. (2 Marks)
Concept: "Khatm-e-Nabuwwat" literally means the "Seal of Prophethood" or the Finality of
Prophethood. It is the fundamental Islamic belief that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the last
in the long chain of Messengers sent by God, and the institution of Prophethood has ceased
after him.
Significance in light of the Quran and Sunnah:
● Quranic Evidence: Allah Almighty explicitly states in the Quran, Surah Al-Ahzab (Chapter
33, Verse 40): "Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger
of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets (Khatamun Nabiyyeen)..." This verse establishes
his final status definitively.
● Sunnah Evidence: The Prophet himself clarified this status in numerous narrations
(Ahadith). A well-known example is when he said: "The chain of Prophets has been
terminated, and no Prophet will come after me." This finality signifies that the religion of
Islam is perfect, complete, and needs no further updates or additions from any
subsequent Prophet.
3. The holy Quran describes the moral character of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) as "Azeem-ul-Khulq". Explain three of his moral
qualities with practical examples. (2 Marks)
"Azeem-ul-Khulq" translates to having a "sublime" or "exalted moral character." The Quran
refers to the Prophet as such in Surah Al-Qalam (68:4). Three key moral qualities exemplified
by him are:
1. Honesty and Trustworthiness (Al-Sadiq wal-Amin):
○ Example: Even before Prophethood, he was known as Al-Amin (The Trustworthy) by
the people of Mecca. When the tribes disagreed on who should place the Black
Stone in the Kaaba, they unanimously chose him to arbitrate, trusting his absolute
honesty and fairness.
2. Mercy and Compassion (Rahmatul-lil-Alamin):
○ Example: After the conquest of Mecca, when he had the power to punish those who
had tormented him and his followers for years, he famously declared a general
amnesty, saying: "Go, for you are all free." This act demonstrated immense mercy,
overriding personal vengeance with compassion.
3. Humility and Simplicity:
○ Example: Despite being the leader of a growing state, he lived a remarkably simple
life. He would mend his own clothes, milk his own goat, and sit and eat with the
poorest of his Companions without showing any distinction, demonstrating profound
humility and lack of pretension.
4. In light of the Quranic teachings, explain the basic duties of
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and how he fulfilled them, providing
practical examples. (2 Marks)
The Quran outlines the basic duties of the Prophet (PBUH) in verses like Surah Al-Jumu'ah
(62:2) and Surah Al-Baqarah (2:151), which can be summarized into three main functions:
1. Recitation of God’s Verses (Tilawat al-Ayat):
○ Duty: To convey and recite the verses of the Quran to the people exactly as they
were revealed.
○ Fulfillment Example: He ensured the clear and continuous communication of the
Quranic verses, memorizing them himself and having his Companions also write them
down and commit them to memory, thus preserving the text of the revelation.
2. Purification of the People (Tazkiyah):
○ Duty: To cleanse the believers from spiritual and moral diseases (like polytheism,
vanity, and corruption) and guide them towards good character.
○ Fulfillment Example: He forbade harmful practices prevalent in society, such as
gambling and alcohol, and instilled moral values like truthfulness and generosity,
purifying their souls and conduct.
3. Teaching the Book and Wisdom (Ta'lim al-Kitab wa al-Hikmah):
○ Duty: To explain the meaning and practical application of the Quran (the Book) and
demonstrate the way of life (the Wisdom, which is the Sunnah).
○ Fulfillment Example: The Prophet established the five daily prayers (Salat), showing
the community how to perform them step-by-step, thereby translating the Quran's
command to "establish prayer" into a practical, repeatable ritual.
5. Compare the Makki and Madani phases of the life of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH). (2 Marks)
The life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is divided into two distinct periods—the Makki phase
and the Madani phase—each having a distinct focus and set of challenges. The Makki phase,
spanning approximately thirteen years in Mecca, centered on establishing the core
foundations of Islamic belief (Aqeedah), such as the Oneness of God (Tawhid),
Prophethood, and the certainty of the Day of Judgment. During this time, the Prophet and his
small community faced severe persecution, and the revelations (verses) were generally
shorter, powerful in tone, and concentrated on moral virtues and patience. In contrast, the
Madani phase, which lasted about ten years in Madinah following the Hijra, marked the
transition from a persecuted religious group to an organized political and social state. Here,
the focus shifted dramatically to establishing the social and legal framework of Islam
(Shariah). The revelations became longer, detailing comprehensive laws related to civil life,
inheritance, treaties, financial obligations (like Zakat), and strategies for self-defense and
governance, thereby completing the structure of the Islamic way of life.